赝自旋、超对称性与原子核的壳层结构
Pseudospin, supersymmetry and the shell structure of atomic nuclei
摘要：
在壳层模型中，单粒子能量随不同的同位旋不对称性的演化是预测奇异核壳层结构变化时的一个重要问题。在许多情况下，赝自旋伙伴水平，这是几乎简并的稳定核的能量，是相关的提取壳隙的大小。赝自旋对称性的破坏可以影响这些能隙的大小，并相应地改变幻数。赝自旋分裂的强度预计将特别依赖于等效矢量和张量对有效核相互作用的贡献。采用超对称量子力学的描述允许导出一个赝自旋对称性破缺势，它与传统相对论处理中的赝自旋轨道势相比是规则的。推导出的扰动势提供了一种量化对称性破缺的方法，它可以用来改善平均场计算，以便更好地再现实验观察到的壳层演化。得到了具有精确赝自旋对称性的一般势，可用于相对论平均场哈密顿量。
英文摘要：
The evolution of single-particle energies with varying isospin asymmetry in the shell model is an important issue when predicting changes in the shell structure for exotic nuclei. In many cases pseudospin partner levels, that are almost degenerate in energy for stable nuclei, are relevant in extracting the size of the shell gaps. A breaking of the pseudospin symmetry can affect the size of these gaps and change the magic numbers accordingly. The strength of the pseudospin splitting is expected to depend in particular on isovector-dependent and tensor contributions to the effective nuclear interaction. A description employing supersymmetric quantum mechanics allows to derive a pseudospin symmetry breaking potential that is regular in contrast to the pseudospin-orbit potential in the conventional relativistic treatment. The derived perturbation potential provides a measure to quantify the symmetry breaking and it can be employed to improve mean-field calculations in order to better reproduce the experimentally observed shell evolution. General potentials with exact pseudospin symmetry are obtained that can be used in relativistic mean-field Hamiltonians.
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