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arXiv quant-ph/0209116quant-ph
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概率与量子实在:有关联吗?

Probabilities and Quantum Reality: Are There Correlata?

Robert B. Griffiths

摘要:

由于希尔伯特空间的数学结构,任何将概率引入量子力学的尝试都面临困难,这反映在伯克霍夫和冯·诺依曼的量子逻辑提案中。(一致或退相干)历史解是由它的单一框架规则提供的,这种方法包括传统的(哥本哈根)量子理论作为特例。Mermin的Ithaca解释通过定义不涉及样本空间或事件代数的概率来解决同样的问题(“无相关性”)。但这导致了严重的概念困难,几乎不可避免地将量子理论与人类意识的未解决问题联系起来。使用历史允许一个更清晰的量子描述比可能与密度矩阵,这表明后者提供了一个系综,而不是一个不可约的单系统描述所声称的Mermin。历史方法满足了默明对包括爱因斯坦定域性在内的量子力学的良好解释的前五个要求,但伊萨卡解释似乎难以满足第一个(观察者的独立性)和第三个(描述单个系统)。

英文摘要:

Any attempt to introduce probabilities into quantum mechanics faces difficulties due to the mathematical structure of Hilbert space, as reflected in Birkhoff and von Neumann's proposal for a quantum logic. The (consistent or decoherent) histories solution is provided by its single framework rule, an approach that includes conventional (Copenhagen) quantum theory as a special case. Mermin's Ithaca interpretation addresses the same problem by defining probabilities which make no reference to a sample space or event algebra (``correlations without correlata''). But this leads to severe conceptual difficulties, which almost inevitably couple quantum theory to unresolved problems of human consciousness. Using histories allows a sharper quantum description than is possible with a density matrix, suggesting that the latter provides an ensemble rather than an irreducible single-system description as claimed by Mermin. The histories approach satisfies the first five of Mermin's desiderata for a good interpretation of quantum mechanics, including Einstein locality, but the Ithaca interpretation seems to have difficulty with the first (independence of observers) and the third (describing individual systems).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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