arXiv 1305.65652013-05-28quant-ph

路径积分与现实

Path Integrals and Reality

Adrian Kent

摘要：

我们定义了{ \it实路径量子理论}的思想，这是量子理论的一种实在论的概括，其中假设一个封闭的量子系统实际遵循的配置空间路径是概率选择的。这是一个假设定义的概率路径，我们建议是由一个表达式，涉及路径振幅和距离函数，量化路径分离。我们提出了一个可能的形式的路径概率假设，并探讨可能的选择距离函数，包括选择适合洛伦兹或一般协变版本的实路径量子理论。我们提出了量子干涉的玩具模型，并表明在这些模型中的概率假设和特定的距离函数确实给出了一个物理上合理的路径本体。可以选择这些函数，以便预测微观量子系统的干涉和宏观量子系统的干涉失败的量子干涉。更一般地说，它们预测当光束接近时的干扰，以及当它们远离时的故障，如由距离函数确定的。如果以其目前相对不受约束的形式认真对待，实路径量子理论因此激发了在所有未探索的区域中对量子干涉的实验测试，这些区域由潜在的物理上有趣的参数定义，包括光束物体的质量、光束分离距离、光束分离时间等。我们讨论这些想法所提出的开放性问题。

英文摘要：

We define the idea of {\it real path quantum theory}, a realist generalisation of quantum theory in which it is postulated that the configuration space path actually followed by a closed quantum system is probabilistically chosen. This is done a postulate defining probabilities for paths, which we propose are determined by an expression involving path amplitudes and a distance function that quantifies path separation. We suggest a possible form for a path probability postulate and explore possible choices of distance function, including choices suitable for Lorentz or generally covariant versions of real path quantum theory. We set out toy models of quantum interferometry and show that in these models the probability postulate and specific distance functions do indeed give a physically sensible path ontology. These functions can be chosen so as to predict quantum interference for interference of microscopic quantum systems and the failure of interference for macroscopic quantum systems. More generally, they predict interference when the beams are close, and its failure when they are far apart, as determined by the distance function. If taken seriously in its present relatively unconstrained form, real path quantum theory thus motivates experimental tests of quantum interference in all unexplored regimes defined by potentially physically interesting parameters, including the mass of the beam object, the beam separation distance, the beam separation time, and many others. We discuss open questions raised by these ideas.

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