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arXiv quant-ph/0010011quant-ph
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环境诱导退相干与量子到经典的转变

Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition From Quantum to Classical

Juan Pablo Paz, Wojciech Hubert Zurek

摘要:

我们研究量子开放系统的动力学,特别注意它们的演化的那些方面是相关的从量子到经典的过渡。我们首先讨论简单系统的条件动力学。由此产生的模型是直接的,但足以说明量子测量和退相干背后的基本物理思想。为了讨论退相干和环境引起的超选择einselection在一个更一般的设置,我们素描微扰以及精确推导的几个主方程适用于各种系统。使用这些方程,我们研究einselection采用的一般战略的可预测性筛。通常在讨论退相干时所作的假设,连同它们所导致的“标准定律”一起,被严格地重新审视。讨论了经典混沌系统中量子-经典对应的恢复问题。动力学第二定律-它表明-可以追溯到相同的现象,允许恢复的对应原理在散肩混沌系统(否则它是在一个非常短的时间尺度上丢失)。讨论了量子纠错作为一个例子的抗退相干策略。简要地指出了退相干和反选择对量子理论解释的意义。

英文摘要:

We study dynamics of quantum open systems, paying special attention to those aspects of their evolution which are relevant to the transition from quantum to classical. We begin with a discussion of the conditional dynamics of simple systems. The resulting models are straightforward but suffice to illustrate basic physical ideas behind quantum measurements and decoherence. To discuss decoherence and environment-induced superselection einselection in a more general setting, we sketch perturbative as well as exact derivations of several master equations valid for various systems. Using these equations we study einselection employing the general strategy of the predictability sieve. Assumptions that are usually made in the discussion of decoherence are critically reexamined along with the ``standard lore'' to which they lead. Restoration of quantum-classical correspondence in systems that are classically chaotic is discussed. The dynamical second law -it is shown- can be traced to the same phenomena that allow for the restoration of the correspondence principle in decohering chaotic systems (where it is otherwise lost on a very short time-scale). Quantum error correction is discussed as an example of an anti-decoherence strategy. Implications of decoherence and einselection for the interpretation of quantum theory are briefly pointed out.

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