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arXiv math/9911173math.DGmath-phmath.MP
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用正质量定理证明黎曼彭罗斯猜想

Proof of the Riemannian Penrose Conjecture Using the Positive Mass Theorem

Hubert L. Bray

摘要:

我们证明了黎曼彭罗斯猜想,罗杰彭罗斯在1973年提出的一个猜想的一个重要情况下,通过定义一个新的流动的度量。这个度量流停留在包含极小球面的具有非负数量曲率的渐近平坦黎曼3-流形类内。特别地,如果我们在广义相对论的背景下将黎曼3流形视为时空的全测地子流形,那么具有总面积$A$的最外层极小球面对应于贡献质量$\sqrt{A/16π}$的黑洞的视视界,数量曲率对应于每一点的局部能量密度,而度规在无穷远处变平的速率对应于总质量。黎曼彭罗斯猜想则指出,一个具有非负数量曲率的渐近平坦三维流形的总质量大于或等于黑洞贡献的质量。我们定义的度规流不断地将原来的3-度规演化为Schwarzschild 3-度规,它代表了真空中的球对称黑洞。我们定义流,使得最小球体(向外流动)的面积以及流中每个度规中黑洞贡献的质量是恒定的,然后使用正质量定理证明度规的总质量是不增加的。然后,由于总质量等于史瓦西度规中黑洞的质量,黎曼彭罗斯猜想随之而来。这个结果改进了Huisken和Ilmanen的漂亮工作,他们使用表面的逆中曲率流来表明总质量至少是最大黑洞贡献的质量。

英文摘要:

We prove the Riemannian Penrose conjecture, an important case of a conjecture made by Roger Penrose in 1973, by defining a new flow of metrics. This flow of metrics stays inside the class of asymptotically flat Riemannian 3-manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature which contain minimal spheres. In particular, if we consider a Riemannian 3-manifold as a totally geodesic submanifold of a space-time in the context of general relativity, then outermost minimal spheres with total area $A$ correspond to apparent horizons of black holes contributing a mass $\sqrt{A/16π}$, scalar curvature corresponds to local energy density at each point, and the rate at which the metric becomes flat at infinity corresponds to total mass. The Riemannian Penrose conjecture then states that the total mass of an asymptotically flat 3-manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature is greater than or equal to the mass contributed by the black holes. The flow of metrics we define continuously evolves the original 3-metric to a Schwarzschild 3-metric, which represents a spherically symmetric black hole in vacuum. We define the flow such that the area of the minimal spheres (which flow outward) and hence the mass contributed by the black holes in each of the metrics in the flow is constant, and then use the positive mass theorem to show that the total mass of the metrics is nonincreasing. Then since the total mass equals the mass of the black holes in a Schwarzschild metric, the Riemannian Penrose conjecture follows. This result improves upon the beautiful work of Huisken and Ilmanen, who used inverse mean curvature flows of surfaces to show that the total mass is at least the mass contributed by the largest black hole.

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