Bjorn Poonen
We prove that for any t in Q, the curve 5 x^3 + 9 y^3 + 10 z^3 + 12((t^12-t^4-1)/(t^12-t^8-1))^3 (x+y+z)^3 = 0 in P^2 is a genus 1 curve violating the Hasse principle. An explicit Weierstrass model for its Jacobian E_t is given. The Shafarevich-Tate group of each E_t contains a subgroup isomorphic to Z/3 x Z/3.
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We prove the Hasse-Weil inequality for genus 2 curves given by an equation of the form y^2 = f(x) with f a polynomial of degree 5, using arguments that mimic the elementary proof of the genus 1 case obtained by Yu. I. Manin in 1956.
We construct new examples of cubic surfaces, for which the Hasse principle fails. Thereby, we show that, over every number field, the counterexamples to the Hasse principle are Zariski dense in the moduli scheme of non-singular cubic surfaces.
We show that, over every number field, the degree four del Pezzo surfaces that violate the Hasse principle are Zariski dense in the moduli scheme.
In $2000$, Colliot-Thélène and Poonen showed how to construct algebraic families of genus one curves violating the Hasse principle. Poonen explicitly constructed an algebraic family of genus one cubic curves violating the Hasse principle using the general method developed by Colliot-Thélène and himself. The main result in this paper generalizes the result of Colliot-Thélène and Poonen to arbitrarily high genus hyperelliptic curves. More precisely, for $n > 5$ and $n \not\equiv 0 \pmod{4}$, we show that there is an algebraic family of hyperelliptic curves of genus $n$ that is counterexamples to…
We give an asymptotic expansion for the density of del Pezzo surfaces of degree four in a certain Birch Swinnerton-Dyer family violating the Hasse principle due to a Brauer-Manin obstruction. Under the assumption of Schinzel's hypothesis and the finiteness of Tate-Shafarevich groups for elliptic curves, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of all del Pezzo surfaces in the family, which violate the Hasse principle.
In response to a question of B. Poonen, we exhibit for each global field k an algebraic curve over k which violates the Hasse Principle. In fact we can find such examples among Atkin-Lehner twists of certain elliptic modular curves and -- in positive characteristic -- Drinfeld modular curves. Our main tool is a refinement of the "Twist Anti-Hasse Principle" (TAHP). We also use TAHP to construct further Hasse Principle violations, for instance among curves over any number field of any given genus g which is at least 2.
Hasse principle violation for algebraic families of del Pezzo surfaces of degree 4 and hyperelliptic curves of genus congruent to 1 modulo 4
本文构造了无限多个显式单参数代数族，包含次数为4的del Pezzo曲面和亏格模4余1的超椭圆曲线，证明其每个K成员都违反Hasse原则，并由Brauer-Manin障碍解释。
Partial Hasse invariants for genus zero curves in Hilbert modular varieties
本文研究了Hilbert模形式中零 genus 曲线的部分Hassé不变量的特征零提升，并通过计算Teichmüller曲线得到类似Deuring的公式。
We generalize L.J. Mordell's construction of cubic surfaces for which the Hasse principle fails.
In a series of articles published in the C.R. Paris more than a century ago, T. Pépin announced a list of ``theorems'' concerning the solvability of diophantine equations of the type $ax^4 + by^4 = z^2$. In this article, we show how to prove these claims using the structure of 2-class groups of imaginary quadratic number fields. We will also look at a few related results (including FLT for $n = 7$) from a modern point of view.
Given an algebraic curve C/Q having points everywhere locally and endowed with a suitable involution, we show that there exists a positive density family of prime quadratic twists of C violating the Hasse principle. The result applies in particular to w_N-Atkin-Lehner twists of most modular curves X_0(N) and to w_p-Atkin-Lehner twists of certain Shimura curves X^{D+}.
The integral Hasse principle for stacky curves associated to a family of generalized Fermat equations
本文研究了关联于广义费马方程的堆叠曲线的积分哈斯原理，扩展了Darmon和Granville的结果，并发现族中正比例的曲线满足该原理。
The Hasse-Weil-Serre bound is improved for curves of low genera over finite fields with discriminant in {-3,-4,-7,-8,-11,-19} by studying optimal curves.
Conditionally on the $abc$ conjecture, we generalize previous work of Clark and the author to show that a superelliptic curve $C: y^n = f(x)$ of sufficiently high genus has infinitely many twists violating the Hasse Principle if and only if $f(x)$ has no $\mathbb Q$-rational roots. We also show unconditionally that a curve defined by $C: y^{pN}=f(x)$ has infinitely many twists violating the Hasse Principle over any number field $k$ such that $k$ contains the $p$th roots of unity and $f(x)$ has no $k$-rational roots.
For any number field, we prove that there exists a stacky curve of genus one half defined over the ring of its integers violating the local-global principle for integral points.
Let C be an algebraic curve defined over a number field K, of positive genus and without K-rational points. We conjecture that there exists some extension field L over which C violates the Hasse principle, i.e., has points everywhere locally but not globally. We show that our conjecture holds for all but finitely many Shimura curves of the form X^D_0(N)_{/Q} or X^D_1(N)_{/Q}, where D > 1 and N are coprime squarefree positive integers. The proof uses a variation on a theorem of Frey, a gonality bound of Abramovich, and an analysis of local points of small degree.
When all ternary cubic forms over $\mathbb Z$ are ordered by the heights of their coefficients, we show that a positive proportion of them fail the Hasse principle, i.e., they have a zero over every completion of $\mathbb Q$ but no zero over $\mathbb Q$. We also show that a positive proportion of all ternary cubic forms over $\mathbb Z$ nontrivially satisfy the Hasse principle, i.e., they possess a zero over every completion of $\mathbb Q$ and also possess a zero over $\mathbb Q$. Analogous results are proven for other genus one models, namely, for equations of the form $z^2=f(x,y)$ where $f$ …
After a brief introduction to the classical theory of binary quadratic forms we use these results for proving (most of) the claims made by Pépin in a series of articles on unsolvable quartic diophantine equations, and for constructing families of counterexamples to the Hasse Principle for curves of genus 1 defined by equations of the form $ax^4 + by^4 = z^2$.
Hasse principle for intersections of two quadrics via Kummer surfaces
通过Kummer曲面证明亏格2曲线雅可比簇2-覆盖的Hasse原理新情形，并推导四次del Pezzo曲面及高维射影空间中两个二次曲面光滑完全交点的Hasse原理。
The Brauer-Manin obstruction for stacky curves
本文证明 Brauer-Manin 障碍是亏格为 1/2 的堆栈曲线强逼近的唯一障碍，并计算其光滑固有整数模型的 Brauer-Manin 障碍。
We develop a theory of canonical isogeny characters of Drinfeld-Stuhler modules similar to the theory of canonical isogeny characters of abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication. We then apply this theory to give explicit criteria for the non-existence of rational points on Drinfeld-Stuhler modular varieties over the finite extensions of $\mathbb{F}_q(T)$. This allows us to produce explicit examples of Drinfeld-Stuhler curves violating the Hasse principle.
We present an efficient algorithm to compute the Hasse-Witt matrix of a hyperelliptic curve C/Q modulo all primes of good reduction up to a given bound N, based on the average polynomial-time algorithm recently introduced by Harvey. An implementation for hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 and 3 is more than an order of magnitude faster than alternative methods for N = 2^26.
On the Selmer group and rank of a family of elliptic curves and curves of genus one violating the Hasse principle
本研究针对一族j不变量为零的椭圆曲线及其3-同源曲线，结合整二元三次型等价类，在Tate-Shafarevich群有限假设下推导秩的奇偶性与上下界，并构造出显式违反哈塞原理的亏格1曲线类。
Using an explicit family of plane quartic curves, we prove the existence of a genus 3 curve over any finite field of characteristic 3 whose number of rational points stays within a fixed distance from the Hasse-Weil-Serre upper bound. We also provide an intrinsic characterization of so-called Legendre elliptic curves.
Given a curve of genus 3 with an unramified double cover, we give an explicit description of the associated Prym-variety. We also describe how an unramified double cover of a non-hyperelliptic genus 3 curve can be mapped into the Jacobian of a curve of genus 2 over its field of definition and how this can be used to do Chabauty- and Brauer-Manin type calculations for curves of genus 5 with an unramified involution. As an application, we determine the rational points on a smooth plane quartic with no particular geometric properties and give examples of curves of genus 3 and 5 violating the Hass…
For any number field not containing $\QQ(i),$ we give an explicit construction to prove that there exists an elliptic curve defined over this field such that its Shafarevich-Tate group is nontrivial.
Galois module structures and the Hasse principle in twist families via the distribution of Selmer groups
本文利用 Abel 簇稀疏二次扭族中 2-Selmer 秩的分布结果，统一研究 Mordell–Weil 群 Galois 模结构及 Hasse 原理失效等问题。
Strong Approximation and Hasse Principle for Integral Quadratic Forms over Affine Curves
本文利用 genus 理论研究仿射曲线坐标环上整二次型的表示问题，建立 spin 群强逼近与 Hasse 原理的联系，并给出强逼近失效的例子。
Local statistics and average rank of genus $g$ hyperelliptic curves with a Weierstrass point
研究具有魏尔斯特拉斯点的亏格\(g\)超椭圆曲线，通过确定其在特定素数处良好约化概率及其他约化类型概率公式，在相关猜想假设下，推导出该类曲线平均解析秩的明确上界。
Hasse principle for Kummer varieties in the case of generic 2-torsion
本研究结合二次下降思想与二次挠曲族中2-∞ Selmer秩的奇偶性结果，克服了既有方法在Galois像极大时的失效问题，将Swinnerton-Dyer方法推广应用于一类K3曲面的Hasse原理证明。
Tori and surfaces violating a local-to-global principle for rationality
本文证明了Brauer-Manin障碍即使在基变换不变形式下也不足以解释有理性的局部到全局原理的反例，并给出了全局域上环面簇和有理曲面的具体例子。
We give large families of Shimura curves defined by congruence conditions, all of whose twists lack $p$-adic points for some $p$. For each such curve we give analytically large families of counterexamples to the Hasse principle via the descent (or equivalently étale Brauer-Manin) obstruction to rational points applied to étale coverings coming from the level structure. More precisely, we find infinitely many quadratic fields defined using congruence conditions such that a twist of a related Shimura curve by each of those fields violates the Hasse principle. As a minimal example, we find the tw…
The $a$-numbers of non-hyperelliptic curves of genus 3 with cyclic automorphism group of order 6
本文研究了具有阶为6循环自同构群的亏格3非超椭圆曲线，给出了其同构的充分必要条件，并利用高斯超几何级数描述Hasse-Witt矩阵，确定了可能的$a$-数及达到最大$a$-数的同构类数量。
We show that abelian surfaces (and consequently curves of genus 2) over totally real fields are potentially modular. As a consequence, we obtain the expected meromorphic continuation and functional equations of their Hasse--Weil zeta functions. We furthermore show the modularity of infinitely many abelian surfaces A over Q with End_C(A)=Z. We also deduce modularity and potential modularity results for genus one curves over (not necessarily CM) quadratic extensions of totally real fields.
This research monograph focuses on the arithmetic, over number fields, of surfaces fibred into curves of genus 1 over the projective line, and of intersections of two quadrics in projective space. The first half takes up and develops further the technique initiated by Swinnerton-Dyer in 1993, and later generalised by Colliot-Thélène, Skorobogatov and Swinnerton-Dyer, for studying rational points on pencils of curves of genus 1. The second half, which builds upon the first, is devoted to quartic del Pezzo surfaces and to higher-dimensional intersections of two quadrics. Conditionally on two wel…
Let $X$ be a smooth projective connected curve of genus $g\ge 2$ defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$. Let $G$ be a finite group, $P$ a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$ and $N_G(P)$ its normalizer in $G$. We show that if there exists an étale Galois cover $Y\to X$ with group $N_G(P)$, then $G$ is the Galois group wan étale Galois cover $\mathcal{Y}\to\mathcal{X}$, where the genus of $\mathcal{X}$ depends on the order of $G$, the number of Sylow $p$-subgroups of $G$ and $g$. Suppose that $G$ is an extension of a group $H$ of order prime to $p$ by a $p$-group $P$ and $…
We present a hardware-accelerated computation of Hasse-Weil invariants of all hyperelliptic curves of given genus over a fixed finite field. Our main motivation is the determination of traces of Frobenius on cohomology corresponding moduli stacks à la Bergström-Faber-van-der-Geer. This paper also constitutes a case study of the performance of lookup table based Zech arithmetic on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). GPUs are by now ubiquitous in numerics, to an extend that their development itself is propelled by scientific computing. Algebraic computing has profited very little from the advancem…
If $π: Y \to X$ is an unramified double cover of a smooth curve of genus $g$, then the Prym variety $P_π$ is a principally polarized abelian variety of dimension $g-1$. When $X$ is defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$, it is not known in general which $p$-ranks can occur for $P_π$ under restrictions on the $p$-rank of $X$. In this paper, when $X$ is a non-hyperelliptic curve of genus $g=3$, we analyze the relationship between the Hasse-Witt matrices of $X$ and $P_π$. As an application, when $p \equiv 5 \bmod 6$, we prove that there exists a curve $X$ of genus $3…
A threefold violating a local-to-global principle for rationality
本文构造了一个在 $\mathbb Q$ 上非有理但在所有局部处均有理的光滑射影三维簇，通过在相关亏格 $2$ 曲线的 Jacobian 的 Tate--Shafarevich 群中构造阶为 $4$ 的显式元素证明其有理性。
On a remark of Serre
本文基于塞尔的注记，扩展了寻找素数p的研究，使得椭圆曲线在F_p^5上的最大哈斯界未被达到，并列举了q<10^70的所有情况，探讨了哈斯界未被达到的数的分布，并研究了 genus 2 和 3 曲线的类似条件。
Maximal curves of genus 5 over finite fields
研究有限域上亏格5且判别式为-19的极大曲线的存在性，利用自同构群证明当q≡2,3,4 mod 5时不存在，并给出q≡1 mod 5时的模型及q≡0 mod 5时仅可能q=5^7。
A hyperelliptic curve over $\mathbb Q$ is called "locally soluble" if it has a point over every completion of $\mathbb Q$. In this paper, we prove that a positive proportion of hyperelliptic curves over $\mathbb Q$ of genus $g\geq 1$ are locally soluble but have no points over any odd degree extension of $\mathbb Q$. We also obtain a number of related results. For example, we prove that for any fixed odd integer $k > 0$, the proportion of locally soluble hyperelliptic curves over $\mathbb Q$ of genus $g$ having no points over any odd degree extension of $\mathbb Q$ of degree at most $k$ tends …
By a hyperelliptic curve over Q, we mean a smooth, geometrically irreducible, complete curve C over Q equipped with a fixed map of degree 2 to P^1 defined over Q. Thus any hyperelliptic curve C over Q of genus g can be embedded in weighted projective space P(1,1,g+1) via an equation of the form C : z^2 = f(x,y) = f_0 x^n + f_1 x^{n-1} y + ... + f_n y^n where n=2g+2, the coefficients f_i lie in Z, and f factors into distinct linear factors over Q-bar. Define the height H(C) of C by H(C):=max{|f_i|}, and order all hyperelliptic curves over Q of genus g by height. Then we prove that, as g tends t…
We consider the Kolyvagin cohomology classes associated to an elliptic curve $E$ defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ from a computational point of view. We explain how to go from a model of a class as an element of $(E(L)/pE(L))^{\mathrm{Gal}(L/\mathbb{Q})}$, where $p$ is prime and $L$ is a dihedral extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ of degree $2p$, to a geometric model as a genus one curve embedded in $\mathbb{P}^{p-1}$. We adapt the existing methods to compute Heegner points to our situation, and explicitly compute them as elements of $E(L)$. Finally, we compute explicit equations for several genus one curves …
Period -Index problem for hyperelliptic curves
本文研究双曲曲线的周期-指数问题，证明了2- torsion元素中指数与幂次相等，并通过同构建立与二次曲面 pencils 的关系，推导出弱Hasse原理。
Maximal curves over finite fields and a modular isogeny
本文证明了在含$11^5$个元素的域上存在达到Hasse-Weil-Serre上界的亏格$7$和$12$曲线，通过推广Chen同源结果计算商模曲线点数并发现多项已知最大点数新纪录。
Brauer-Manin obstructions on hyperelliptic curves
本研究提出一种计算数域超椭圆曲线Brauer-Manin障碍的实用算法，无需依赖大次数数域类群与单位群计算，实验显示对亏格≥5的有理曲线有理点判定准确率超99%，还给出亏格50的反例，核心理论是扩展带限制分歧挠子的下降理论。
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