We prove an analogue of the Lefschetz (1,1) Theorem characterizing cohomology classes of Cartier divisors (or equivalently first Chern classes of line bundles) in the second integral cohomology.
Let $X$ be a normal complex projective variety. We show that the classes of Cartier divisors in $H^2(X,Z)$ are precisely the classes $x$ such that (i) the image of $x$ in $H^2(X,C)$ (cohomology with complex coefficients) lies in $F^1 H^2(X,C)$ (first level of the Hodge filtration for Deligne's mixed Hodge structure), and (ii) $x$ is Zariski-locally trivial, i.e., there is a covering of $X$ by Zariski open sets $U$ such that $x$ has zero image in $H^2(U,Z)$.
For normal quasi-projective varieties, this positively answers a question of Barbieri-Viale and Srinivas (J. Reine Ang. Math. 450 (1994)), where examples are given to show that divisor classes are not characterized by either one of the above conditions (i), (ii), taken by itself, unlike in the case of non-singular varieties. The present paper also contains an example of a non-normal projective variety for which (i) and (ii) do not suffice to characterize divisor classes.
The Lefschetz algebra $L^*(X)$ of a smooth complex projective variety $X$ is the subalgebra of the cohomology algebra of $X$ generated by divisor classes. We construct smooth complex projective varieties whose Lefschetz algebras do not satisfy analogues of the hard Lefschetz theorem and Poincaré duality.
We study the Lefschetz standard conjecture on a smooth complex projective variety X. In degree 2, we reduce it to a local statement concerning deformations of vector bundles on X. When X is hyperkähler, we show that the existence of nontrivial deformations of stable hyperholomorphic bundles implies the Lefschetz standard conjecture in codimension 2.
The main result of this note is a hard Lefschetz theorem for the Chow groups of generalized Kummer varieties. The same argument also proves hard Lefschetz for Chow groups of Hilbert schemes of abelian surfaces. As a consequence, we obtain new information about certain pieces of the Chow groups of generalized Kummer varieties, and Hilbert schemes of abelian surfaces. The proofs are based on work of Shen-Vial and Fu-Tian-Vial on multiplicative Chow-Künneth decompositions.
We prove that for a normal projective variety $X$ in characteristic 0, and a base-point free ample line bundle $L$ on it, the restriction map of divisor class groups $\Cl(X)\to \Cl(Y)$ is an isomorphism for a general member $Y\in |L|$ provided that $\dim{X}\geq 4$. This is a generalization of the Grothendieck-Lefschetz Theorem, for divisor class groups of singular varieties.
The theorem of Barth-Lefschetz is a statement about the cohomology of a submanifold X of some projective space, in a range depending on the codimension of the embedding. Here this is generalized to the case of a submanifold X of a smooth projective toric variety Y, under some natural conditions on X. In particular, in the Barth-Lefschetz range a formula for the Hodge numbers of X in terms of the toric, i.e. combinatorial data of Y is given.
Firstly we show a generalization of the (1,1)-Lefschetz theorem for projective toric orbifolds and secondly we prove that on 2k-dimensional quasi-smooth hypersurfaces coming from quasi-smooth intersection surfaces, under the Cayley trick, every rational (k,k)-cohomology class is algebraic, i.e., the Hodge conjecture holds on them.
We calculate the Picard group of generic (very general) spectral varieties living in the total space of a very ample line bundle over an algebraically closed field $k$ of odd characteristics or characteristic 0. We follow the strategy of Ravindra and Srinivas [RS06,RS09] via formal Picard groups. As an application, we calculate the generic fibers of Hitchin systems over a smooth quintic surface of Picard number 1.
We investigate the Lefschetz standard conjecture for degree $2$ cohomology of hyper-Kähler manifolds admitting a covering by Lagrangian subvarieties. In the case of a Lagrangian fibration, we show that the Lefschetz standard conjecture is implied by the SYZ conjecture characterizing classes of divisors associated with Lagrangian fibration. In dimension $4$, we consider the more general case of a Lagrangian covered fourfold $X$, and prove the Lefschetz standard conjecture in degree $2$, assuming $ρ(X)=1$ and $X$ is general in moduli. Finally we discuss various links between Lefschetz cycles and…
In this note we derive from deep results due to Clozel-Ullmo the density of Noether-Lefschetz loci inside the moduli space of marked (polarized) irreducible holomorphic symplectic (IHS) varieties. In particular we obtain the density of Hilbert schemes of points on projective $K3$ surfaces and of projective generalized Kummer varieties in their moduli spaces. We present applications to the existence of rational curves on projective deformations of such varieties, to the study of relevant cones of divisors, and a refinement of Hassett's result on cubic fourfolds whose Fano variety of lines is is…
We continue our study of the Noether-Lefschetz loci in toric varieties and investigate deformation of pairs (V,X) where V is a complete intersection subvariety and X a quasi-smooth hypersurface in a odd dimensional simplicial projective toric variety, with V\subset X. Under some assumptions, we prove that the cohomological class in H^{k,k}(X) associated to V remains of type (k,k) under an infinitesimal deformation if and only if V remains algebraic. Actually we prove that locally the Noether-Lefschetz locus is an irreducible component of a suitable Hilbert scheme. This generalizes Theorem 4.2 …
Inspired by the Weak Lefschetz Principle, we study when a smooth projective variety fully determines the birational geometry of some of its subvarieties. In particular, we consider the natural embedding of the space of complete quadrics into the space of complete collineations and we observe that their birational geometry, from the point of view of Mori theory, fully determines each other. When two varieties are related in this way, we call them birational twins. We explore this notion and its various flavors for other embeddings between Mori dream spaces.
We consider a possibility of the existence of intersection homology morphism, which would be associated to a map of analytic varieties. We assume that the map is an inclusion of codimension one. Then the existence of a morphism follows from Saito's decomposition theorem. For varieties with conical singularities we show, that the existence of intersection homology morphism is exactly equivalent to the validity of Hard Lefschetz Theorem for links. For varieties with arbitrary analytic singularities we extract a remarkable property, which we call Local Hard Lefschetz.
This note is a short survey on the Lefschetz defect, an invariant of smooth Fano varieties that has been recently introduced; it is related to the Picard number rho(X) of X, and to the Picard number of prime divisors in X. We explain the definition of the Lefschetz defect delta(X) and its origin, the known results - mainly on the case delta(X)>1, and several examples, especially in dimensions 3 and 4. In particular, we explain how the results on the Lefschetz defect allow to recover the classification of Fano 3-folds with rho(X)>4, due to Mori and Mukai. We also review the known examples of Fa…
We use Noether-Lefschetz theory to study the reduced Gromov--Witten invariants of a holomorphic-symplectic variety of $K3^{[n]}$-type. This yields strong evidence for a new conjectural formula that expresses Gromov-Witten invariants of this geometry for arbitrary classes in terms of primitive classes. The formula generalizes an earlier conjecture by Pandharipande and the author for K3 surfaces. Using Gromov-Witten techniques we also determine the generating series of Noether-Lefschetz numbers of a general pencil of Debarre-Voisin varieties. This reproves and extends a result of Debarre, Han, O…
In this article, we give a counterexample to the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem for non-singular quasi-projective varieties. A classical result of Hamm-Lê shows that Lefschetz hyperplane theorem can hold for hyperplanes in general position. We observe that the condition of ``hyperplane'' is strict in the sense that it is not possible to replace it by higher degree hypersurfaces. The counterexample is very simple: projective space minus finitely many points. Moreover, as an intermediate step we prove that the Grothendieck-Lefschetz theorem also fails in the quasi-projective case.
We show that Fano 4-folds with Picard number 5 have Lefschetz defect 3 if and only if they are toric of combinatorial type K. We also find a characterization for such varieties in terms of Picard number of prime divisors. Moreover, we discuss classification results for 4-dimensional complex smooth projective varieties admitting some particular fiber type contractions.
We formulate a conjectural hard Lefschetz property for Chow groups, and prove this in some special cases: roughly speaking, for varieties with finite-dimensional motive, and for varieties whose self-product has vanishing middle-dimensional Griffiths group. An appendix includes related statements that follow from results of Vial.
Let X be a very general complete intersection in complex projective space and we denote by $F_r(X)$ the variety of r-planes in X, for $r\geq 1$. We show that the Picard number of $F_r(X)$ is 1, as soon as $\dim F_r(X)\geq 2$, except when X is a quadric of dimension 2r or 2r+2, or X is a complete intersection of two quadrics of dimension 2r+2. We also apply this result to determine the cohomology class of the variety of planes of a cubic fivefold contained (by the Abel-Jacobi map) in the intermediate Jacobian.
For a compact quasi-smooth derived scheme M with (-1)-shifted cotangent bundle N, there are at least two ways to localise the virtual cycle of N to M via torus and cosection localisations, introduced by Jiang-Thomas. We produce virtual cycles on both the projective completion and projectivisation and show the ones on the former push down to Jiang-Thomas cycles and the one on the latter computes the difference. Using similar ideas we give an expression for the difference of the quintic and t-twisted quintic GW invariants of Guo-Janda-Ruan.
We propose an explicit conjectural lift of the Neron-Severi Lie algebra of a hyperkähler variety $X$ of $K3^{[2]}$-type to the Chow ring of correspondences ${\rm CH}^\ast(X \times X)$ in terms of a canonical lift of the Beauville-Bogomolov class obtained by Markman. We give evidence for this conjecture in the case of the Hilbert scheme of two points of a $K3$ surface and in the case of the Fano variety of lines of a very general cubic fourfold. Moreover, we show that the Fourier decomposition of the Chow ring of $X$ of Shen and Vial agrees with the eigenspace decomposition of a canonical lift …
For projective varieties with a certain class of 'mild' isolated singularities and for projective threefolds with arbitrary Gorenstein canonical singularities, we show that the stringy Hodge numbers satisfy the Hard Lefschetz property. This result fits nicely with a 6-dimensional counterexample of Mustata and Payne for the Hard Lefschetz property for stringy Hodge numbers in general. We also give such an example, ours is a hypersurface singularity.
We give a short proof of a Grothendieck-Lefschetz Theorem for equivariant Picard groups of nonsingular varieties with the action of an affine algebraic group.
We prove Bloch's conjecture for correspondences on powers of complex abelian varieties, that are "generically defined". As an application we establish vanishing results for (skew-)symmetric cycles on powers of abelian varieties and we address a question of Voisin concerning (skew-)symmetric cycles on powers of K3 surfaces in the case of Kummer surfaces. We also prove Bloch's conjecture in the following situation. Let $γ$ be a correspondence between two abelian varieties $A$ and $B$ that can be written as a linear combination of products of symmetric divisors. Assume that $A$ is isogenous to th…
We give a new proof of the Jantzen sum formula for integral representations of Chevalley schemes over Spec Z. This is done by applying the fixed point formula of Lefschetz type in Arakelov geometry to generalized flag varieties. Our proof involves the computation of the equivariant Ray-Singer torsion for all equivariant bundles over complex homogeneous spaces. Furthermore, we find several explicit formulae for the global height of any generalized flag variety.
Let $S$ be a complex projective surface. Lefschetz originally proved Lefschetz $(1, 1)$--Theorem by studying a Lefschetz pencil of hyperplane sections of $S$ and the Abel--Jacobi mapping. In this paper, we attack Lefschetz $(1, 1)$--Theorem by constructing certain two-parameter families of twice hyperplane sections of $S$ and then applying the topological Abel--Jacobi mapping. Our geometric constructions would give an inductive approach and some insight for higher dimensional cases. We prove a strong tube theorem which generalizes Schnell's tube theorem to integral homology groups for complex …
The mirror theorem is generalized to any smooth projective variety X. That is, a fundamental relation between the Gromov-Witten invariants of X and Gromov-Witten invariants of complete intersections Y in X is established.
We introduce the notion of lef line bundles on a complex projective manifold. We prove that lef line bundles satisfy the Hard Lefschetz Theorem, the Lefschetz Decomposition and the Hodge-Riemann Bilinear Relations. We study proper holomorphic semismall maps from complex manifolds and prove that, for constant coefficients, the Decomposition Theorem is equivalent to the non-degeneracy of certain intersection forms. We give a proof of the Decomposition Theorem for the complex direct image of the constant sheaf when the domain and the target are projective by proving that the forms in question are…
We prove a general inequality for estimating the number of points of arbitrary complete intersections over a finite field. This extends a result of Deligne for nonsingular complete intersections. For normal complete intersections, this inequality generalizes also the classical Lang-Weil inequality. Moreover, we prove the Lang-Weil inequality for affine as well as projective varieties with an explicit description and a bound for the constant appearing therein. We also prove a conjecture of Lang and Weil concerning the Picard varieties and étale cohomology spaces of projective varieties. The gen…
By the reduced component in a moduli space of stable quasimaps to n-dimensional projective space we mean the closure of the locus in which the domain curves are smooth. As in the moduli space of stable maps, we prove the reduced component is smooth in genus 2, degree greater or equal to 3. Then we prove the virtual fundamental cycle of the moduli space of stable quasimaps to a complete intersection X in the projective space of genus 2, degree greater or equal to 3 is explicitly expressed in terms of the fundamental cycle of the reduced component of the projective space and virtual cycles of lo…
Motivated by a question of Hansen and Li, we show that a smooth and proper rigid analytic space $X$ with projective reduction satisfies Hodge symmetry in the following situations: (1) the base non-archimedean field $K$ is of residue characteristic zero, (2) $K$ is $p$-adic and $X$ has good ordinary reduction, (3) $K$ is $p$-adic and $X$ has "combinatorial reduction."' We also reprove a version of their result, Hodge symmetry for $H^1$, without the use of moduli spaces of semistable sheaves. All of this relies on cases of Kato's log hard Lefschetz conjecture, which we prove for $H^1$ and for lo…
We prove that there exist smooth surfaces of degree d in projective 3-space such that the group of rational equivalence classes of decomposable 0-cycles has rank at least the integer part of (d-1)/3.
We propose some variants of Lefschetz fixed point theorem for Fourier-Mukai functors on a smooth projective algebraic variety. Independently we also suggest a similar theorem for endo-functors on the category of perfect modules over a smooth and proper DG algebra.
We give a new proof of a slightly weaker form of a theorem of P. Colmez. This theorem gives a formula for the Faltings height of abelian varieties with complex multiplication by a C.M. field whose Galois group over $\bf Q$ is abelian; it reduces to the formula of Chowla and Selberg in the case of elliptic curves. We show that the formula can be deduced from the arithmetic fixed point formula proved in the first paper of the series. Our proof is intrinsic in the sense that it does not rely on the computation of the periods of any particular abelian variety.
Let $S$ be a smooth projective complex algebraic surface and $f\, :\, S\, \longrightarrow\, {\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^2$ a finite map. Consider a pencil of hyperplane sections on ${\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^2$ and pull it back to $S$. We address the question whether such a pencil is a Lefschetz pencil on $S$.
By the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem, if X is a smooth quasi-projective variety and C a general curve section of X then the fundamental group of C surjects onto the fundamental group of X. Here we consider when this conclusion holds for a general member of an arbitrary family of curves that covers X. The most interesting case is families of rational curves.
Let $Z$ be a closed subscheme of a smooth complex projective complete intersection variety $Y\subseteq \Ps^N$, with $dim Y=2r+1\geq 3$. We describe the Néron-Severi group $NS_r(X)$ of a general smooth hypersurface $X\subset Y$ of sufficiently large degree containing $Z$.
We show a Lefschetz theorem for irreducible overconvergent $F$-isocrystals on smooth varieties defined over a finite field. We derive several consequences from it.
For any Shimura variety of Hodge type with hyperspecial level at a prime $p$ and automorphic lisse sheaf on it, we prove a formula, conjectured by Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90}, for the Lefschetz numbers of Frobenius-twisted Hecke correspondences acting on the compactly supported étale cohomology. Our proof is an adaptation of the arguments of Langlands and Rapoport \cite{LR87} of deriving the Kottwitz's formula from their conjectural description of the set of mod-$p$ points of Shimura variety (Langlands-Rapoport conjecture), which replaces their Galois gerb theoretic arguments by more geometric …
One version of the classical Lefschetz hyperplane theorem states that for $U \subset \mathbb P^n$ a smooth quasi-projective variety of dimension at least $2$, and $H \cap U$ a general hyperplane section, the resulting map on étale fundamental groups $π_1(H \cap U) \rightarrow π_1(U)$ is surjective. We prove a generalization, replacing the hyperplane by a general $\operatorname{PGL}_{n+1}$-translate of an arbitrary projective variety: If $U \subset \mathbb P^n$ is a normal quasi-projective variety, $X$ is a geometrically irreducible projective variety of dimension at least $n + 1 - \dim U$, and…
We show the existence of good hyperplane sections for schemes over discrete valuation rings with good or (quasi) semistable reduction, and the existence of good Lefschetz pencils for schemes with good reduction or ordinary quadratic reduction. As an application we prove that the reciprocity map introduced for smooth projective varieties over local fields by Bloch, Kato and Saito is an isomorphism after profinite completion, if the variety has good reduction or 'almost good' reduction.
We establish a Grothendieck--Lefschetz theorem for smooth ample subvarieties of smooth projective varieties over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and, more generally, for smooth subvarieties whose complement has small cohomological dimension. A weaker statement is also proved in a more general context and in all characteristics. Several applications are included.
In this paper, we investigate linear systems on hyperelliptic varieties. We prove analogues of well-known theorems on abelian varieties, like Lefschetz's embedding theorem and higher k-jet embedding theorems. Syzygy or $N_p$-properties are also deduced for appropriate powers of ample line bundles.
Let $X$ be a complex submanifold of dimension $d$ of $\mathbb P^m\times\mathbb P^n$ ($m\geq n\geq 2$) and denote by $α\colon\Pic(\mathbb P^m\times\mathbb P^n)\to \Pic(X)$ the restriction map of Picard groups, by $N_{X|\mathbb P^m\times\mathbb P^n}$ the normal bundle of $X$ in $\mathbb P^m\times\mathbb P^n$. Set $t:=\max\{\dimπ_1(X),\dimπ_2(X)\}$, where $π_1$ and $π_2$ are the two projections of $\mathbb P^m\times\mathbb P^n$. We prove a Barth-Lefschetz type result as follows: {\em Theorem.} {\it If $d\geq \frac{m+n+t+1}{2}$ then $X$ is algebraically simply connected, the map $α$ is injective a…
