For projective varieties with a certain class of 'mild' isolated singularities and for projective threefolds with arbitrary Gorenstein canonical singularities, we show that the stringy Hodge numbers satisfy the Hard Lefschetz property. This result fits nicely with a 6-dimensional counterexample of Mustata and Payne for the Hard Lefschetz property for stringy Hodge numbers in general. We also give such an example, ours is a hypersurface singularity.
We study the nonnegativity of stringy Hodge numbers of a projective variety with Gorenstein canonical singularities, which was conjectured by Batyrev. We prove that the $(p,1)$-stringy Hodge numbers are nonnegative, and for threefolds we obtain new results about the stringy Hodge diamond, which hold even when the stringy $E$-function is not a polynomial. We also use the Decomposition Theorem and mixed Hodge theory to prove Batyrev's conjecture for a class of fourfolds.
We study an analogue of the Noether-Lefschetz theorem in the context of Beilinson's Hodge conjecture. We estimate the dimension of the Noether-Lefschetz locus by the infinitesimal methods in Hodge theory.
Batyrev has defined the stringy E-function for complex varieties with at most log terminal singularities. It is a rational function in two variables if the singularities are Gorenstein. Furthermore, if the variety is projective and its stringy E-function is a polynomial, Batyrev defined its stringy Hodge numbers essentially as the coefficients of this E-function, generalizing the usual notion of Hodge numbers of a nonsingular projective variety. He conjectured that they are nonnegative. We prove this for a class of `mild' isolated singularities (the allowed singularities depend on the dimensio…
The main subject of study in this paper is the Noether-Lefschetz locus for Beilinson-Hodge cycles on the complement of the union of hyperplane sections in a surface in $\Bbb P^3$. We give an analogue of the result by M.Green and C.Voisin on the maximal components in the Noether-Lefschetz locus.
In this article we prove that the log Hodge de Rham spectral sequences of certain proper log smooth schemes of Cartier type in characteristic $p>0$ degenerate at $E_1$. We also prove that the log Kodaira vanishings for them hold when they are projective. We formulate the log weak Lefschetz conjecture for log crystalline cohomologies and prove that it is true in certain cases.
For a fixed integer $d$, we study here the locus of degree $d$ hypersurfaces $X$ in $\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}$ such that $H^{2n}(X,\mathbb{Q}) \cap H^{n,n}(X,\mathbb{C}) \not= \mathbb{Q}$. We call this locus \textit{the Noether-Lefschetz locus}. Any irreducible component of this locus is locally a Hodge locus. So, we see that the study of this locus is very closely related to the variational Hodge conjecture. In this article we show that the Hodge locus corresponding to the cohomology class of a complete intersection subscheme in $\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}$ of codimension $n+1$ and degree less than $d$ satis…
The stringy E-function for normal irreducible complex varieties with at worst log terminal singularities was introduced by Batyrev. It is defined by data from a log resolution. If the variety is projective and Gorenstein and the stringy E-function is a polynomial, Batyrev also defined the stringy Hodge numbers as a generalization of the Hodge numbers of nonsingular projective varieties, and conjectured that they are nonnegative. We compute explicit formulae for the contribution of an A-D-E singularity to the stringy E-function in arbitrary dimension. With these results we can say when the stri…
It was shown by Kuznetsov that complete intersections of $n$ generic quadrics in ${\mathbb P}^{2n-1}$ are related by Homological Projective Duality to certain non-commutative (Clifford) varieties which are in some sense birational to double covers of ${\mathbb P}^{n-1}$ ramified over symmetric determinantal hypersurfaces. Mirror symmetry predicts that the Hodge numbers of the complete intersections of quadrics must coincide with the appropriately defined Hodge numbers of these double covers. We observe that these numbers must be different from the well-known Batyrev's stringy Hodge numbers, el…
We present a Macaulay2 package that produces compactifications of adjoint orbits and of the fibres of symplectic Lefschetz fibrations on them. We use Macaulay2 functions to calculate the corresponding Hodge diamonds, which then reveal topological information about the Lefschetz fibrations.
The aim of this paper is to give an application of p-adic Hodge theory to stringy Hodge numbers introduced by V. Batyrev for a mathematical formulation of mirror symmetry. Since the stringy Hodge numbers of an algebraic variety are defined by choosing a resolution of singularities, the well-definedness is not clear from the definition. We give a proof of the well-definedness based on arithmetic results such as p-adic integration and p-adic Hodge theory. Note that another proof of the well-definedness was already obtained by V. Batyrev himself by motivic integration. This is a generalization of…
Statements analogous to the Hard Lefschetz Theorem (HLT) and the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations (HRR) hold in a variety of contexts: they impose restrictions on the cohomology algebra of a smooth compact Kähler manifold or on the intersection cohomology of a projective toric variety; they restrict the local monodromy of a polarized variation of Hodge structure; they impose conditions on the possible $f$-vectors of convex polytopes. While the statements of these theorems depend on the choice of a Kähler class, or its analog, there is usually a cone of possible Kähler classes. It is then natur…
We show that for a hypersurface Batyrev's stringy E-function can be seen as a residue of the Hodge zeta function, a specialization of the motivic zeta function of Denef and Loeser. This is a nice application of inversion of adjunction. If an affine hypersurface is given by a polynomial that is non-degenerate with respect to its Newton polyhedron, then the motivic zeta function and thus the stringy E-function can be computed from this Newton polyhedron (by work of Artal, Cassou-Nogues, Luengo and Melle based on an algorithm of Denef and Hoornaert). We use this procedure to obtain an easy way to…
We describe a class of isolated nondegenerate hypersurface singularities that give a polynomial contribution to Batyrev's stringy E-function. These singularities are obtained by imposing a natural condition on the facets of the Newton polyhedron, and they are strictly canonical. We prove that Batyrev's conjecture concerning the nonnegativity of stringy Hodge numbers is true for complete varieties with such singularities, under some additional hypotheses on the defining polynomials (e.g. convenient or weighted homogeneous). The proof uses combinatorics on lattice polytopes. The results form a s…
We prove Bloch's conjecture for correspondences on powers of complex abelian varieties, that are "generically defined". As an application we establish vanishing results for (skew-)symmetric cycles on powers of abelian varieties and we address a question of Voisin concerning (skew-)symmetric cycles on powers of K3 surfaces in the case of Kummer surfaces. We also prove Bloch's conjecture in the following situation. Let $γ$ be a correspondence between two abelian varieties $A$ and $B$ that can be written as a linear combination of products of symmetric divisors. Assume that $A$ is isogenous to th…
We introduce the notion of stringy E-function for an arbitrary normal irreducible algebraic variety X with at worst log-terminal singularities. We prove some basic properties of stringy E-functions and compute them explicitly for arbitrary Q-Gorenstein toric varieties. Using stringy E-functions, we propose a general method to define stringy Hodge numbers for projective algebraic varieties with at worst Gorenstein canonical singularities. This allows us to formulate the topological mirror duality test for arbitrary Calabi-Yau varieties with canonical singularities. In Appendix we explain non-Ar…
The Hard Lefschetz theorem for intersection cohomology of nonrational polytopes was recently proved by K. Karu [Ka]. This theorem implies the conjecture of R. Stanley on the unimodularity of the generalized $h$-vector. In this paper we strengthen Karu's theorem by introducing a canonical bilinear form $(\cdot ,\cdot)_Φ$ on the intersection cohomology $IH(Φ)$ of a complete fan $Φ$ and proving the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations for $(\cdot ,\cdot)_Φ$.
Motivated by a question of Hansen and Li, we show that a smooth and proper rigid analytic space $X$ with projective reduction satisfies Hodge symmetry in the following situations: (1) the base non-archimedean field $K$ is of residue characteristic zero, (2) $K$ is $p$-adic and $X$ has good ordinary reduction, (3) $K$ is $p$-adic and $X$ has "combinatorial reduction."' We also reprove a version of their result, Hodge symmetry for $H^1$, without the use of moduli spaces of semistable sheaves. All of this relies on cases of Kato's log hard Lefschetz conjecture, which we prove for $H^1$ and for lo…
These notes were written to serve as an easy reference for \cite{Wang-AF}. All the results in this presentation are well-known (or quasi-well-known) theorems in Hodge theory. Our main purpose was to give a unified approach based on a variation formula of the Lefschetz star operator, following \cite{Wang-k}. It fits quite well with Timorin's $T$-Hodge theory, i.e. the Hodge theory on the space of differential forms divided by $T$ (i.e. forms like $T\wedge u$), where $T$ is a finite wedge product of Kähler forms.
We describe the Hodge theory of brilliant families of K3 surfaces. Their characteristic feature is a close link between the Hodge structures of any two fibres over points in the Noether-Lefschetz locus. Twistor deformations, the analytic Tate-Safarevic group, and one-dimensional Shimura special cycles are covered by the theory. In this setting, the Brauer group is viewed as the Noether-Lefschetz locus of the Brauer family or as the specialization of the Noether-Lefschetz loci in a family of approaching twistor spaces. Passing from one algebraic twistor fibre to another, which by construction i…
We prove the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations, the hard Lefschetz theorem and the Lefschetz decomposition for compact Kahler manifolds in the mixed situation.
Traditionally, Hodge structures are associated with complex projective varieties. In my expository lectures I discussed a non-commutative generalization of Hodge structures in deformation quantization and in derived algebraic geometry.
Let $X$ be an arbitrary smooth $n$-dimensional projective variety. It was discovered by Libgober and Wood that the product of the Chern classes $c_1(X)c_{n-1}(X)$ depends only on the Hodge numbers of $X$. This result has been used by Eguchi, Jinzenji and Xiong in their approach to the quantum cohomology of $X$ via a representation of the Virasoro algebra with the central charge $c_n(X)$. In this paper we define for singular varieties $X$ a rational number $c_{st}^{1,n-1}(X)$ which is a stringy version of the number $c_1c_{n-1}$ for smooth $n$-folds. We show that the number $c_{st}^{1,n-1}(X)$ …
Firstly we show a generalization of the (1,1)-Lefschetz theorem for projective toric orbifolds and secondly we prove that on 2k-dimensional quasi-smooth hypersurfaces coming from quasi-smooth intersection surfaces, under the Cayley trick, every rational (k,k)-cohomology class is algebraic, i.e., the Hodge conjecture holds on them.
We study the moduli space M(G,A) of flat G-bundles on an Abelian surface A, where G is a compact, simple, simply connected, connected Lie group. Equivalently, M(G,A) is the (coarse) moduli space of s-equivalence classes of holomorphic semi-stable G_C-bundles with trivial Chern classes where G_C is the complexified group. M(G,A) has the structure of a hyperkahler orbifold. We show that when G is Sp(n) or SU(n), M(G,A) has a natural hyperkahler desingularization which we exhibit as a moduli space of G_C-bundles with an altered stability condition. In this way, we obtain the two known families of…
We prove the arithmetic Hodge index and hard Lefschetz conjectures for the Grassmannian $G=G(2,N)$ parametrizing lines in projective space, for the natural arithmetic Lefschetz operator defined via the Plücker embedding of $G$ in projective space. The analysis of the Hodge index inequalities involves estimates on certain Racah polynomials.
Mirrors $X^{\vee}$ of quasi-smooth Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces $X$ in weighted projective spaces ${\Bbb P}(w_0, \ldots, w_d)$ can be obtained as Calabi-Yau compactifications of non-degenerate affine toric hypersurfaces defined by Laurent polynomials whose Newton polytope is the lattice simplex spanned by $d+1$ lattice vectors $v_i$ satisfying the relation $\sum_i w_i v_i =0$. In this paper, we compute the stringy $E$-function of mirrors $X^\vee$ and compare it with the Vafa's orbifold $E$-function of quasi-smooth Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces $X$. As a result, we prove the equalities of Hodge numbers …
If X is a complex projective variety with klt singularities, then the mixed Hodge structures on the first two singular cohomology groups are pure. We describe the pieces of the Hodge decomposition in terms of reflexive differential forms. Applications include a Lefschetz (1,1) Theorem and a weak analogue of the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations for klt varieties.
According to the decomposition and relative hard Lefschetz theorems, given a projective map of complex quasi projective algebraic varieties and a relatively ample line bundle, the rational intersection cohomology groups of the domain of the map split into various direct summands. While the summands are canonical, the splitting is certainly not, as the choice of the line bundle yields at least three different splittings by means of three mechanisms in a triangulated category introduced by Deligne. It is known that these three choices yield splittings of mixed Hodge structures. In this paper, we…
For any Shimura variety of Hodge type with hyperspecial level at a prime $p$ and automorphic lisse sheaf on it, we prove a formula, conjectured by Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90}, for the Lefschetz numbers of Frobenius-twisted Hecke correspondences acting on the compactly supported étale cohomology. Our proof is an adaptation of the arguments of Langlands and Rapoport \cite{LR87} of deriving the Kottwitz's formula from their conjectural description of the set of mod-$p$ points of Shimura variety (Langlands-Rapoport conjecture), which replaces their Galois gerb theoretic arguments by more geometric …
We give a classification of components of the Hodge locus in any parameter space of smooth projective varieties. This is done using determinantal varieties constructed from the infinitesimal variation of Hodge structures (IVHS) of the underlying family. As a corollary we prove that the minimum codimension for the components of the Hodge locus in the parameter space of $m$-dimensional hypersurfaces of degree $d$ with $d\geq 2+\frac{4}{m}$ and in a Zariski neighborhood of the point representing the Fermat variety, is obtained by the locus of hypersurfaces passing through an $\frac{m}{2}$-dimensi…
We prove the Relative Hard Lefschetz theorem and the Relative Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations for combinatorial intersection cohomology sheaves on fans.
The stringy Euler number and E-function of Batyrev for log terminal singularities can in dimension 2 also be considered for a normal surface singularity with all log discrepancies nonzero in its minimal log resolution. Here we obtain a structure theorem for resolution graphs with respect to log discrepancies, implying that these stringy invariants can be defined in a natural way, even when some log discrepancies are zero, and more precisely for all normal surface singularities which are not log canonical. We also show that the stringy E-functions of log terminal surface singularities are polyn…
CNRS - LMO, Université Paris-Saclay（法国国家科学研究中心-数学与理论物理实验室，巴黎萨克雷大学）；École Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院）；Institute for Advanced Study（高等研究院）
The theorem of Barth-Lefschetz is a statement about the cohomology of a submanifold X of some projective space, in a range depending on the codimension of the embedding. Here this is generalized to the case of a submanifold X of a smooth projective toric variety Y, under some natural conditions on X. In particular, in the Barth-Lefschetz range a formula for the Hodge numbers of X in terms of the toric, i.e. combinatorial data of Y is given.
We consider 18 families of elliptic Calabi--Yaus which arise in constructing $F$-theory compactifications of string vacua, and show in each case that the upper Hodge diamond of a crepant resolution of the associated Weierstrass model coincides with the upper Hodge diamond of the (blown up) projective bundle in which the crepant resolution is naturally embedded. Such results are unexpected, as each crepant resolution we consider does \emph{not} satisfy the hypotheses of the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem. In light of such findings, we suspect that all ellipitic Calabi--Yaus satisfy such a `Lefsch…
For any Shimura variety of Hodge type with hyperspecial level at a prime $p$ and a lisse sheaf on it, we prove a formula, conjectured by Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90}, for the Lefschetz number of an arbitrary Frobenius-twisted Hecke correspondence acting on the compactly supported étale cohomology and verify another conjecture of Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90} on the stabilization of that formula. The main ingredients of our proof of the formula are a recent work of Kisin \cite{Kisin17} on Langlands-Rapoport conjecture and the theory of Galois gerbs developed by Langlands and Rapoport \cite{LR87}. Es…
The goal of this article is to try understand where Hodge cycles on a singular complex projective variety X come from. As a first step we consider Hodge cycles on the maximal pure quotient $H^{2p}(X)/W_{2p-1}$, and introduce a class of algebraic cycles that we call homologically Cartier, that should conjecturally describe all such Hodge cycles. Secondly, given a singular complex projective variety $X$, we show that there is a cycle map from motivic cohomology group $H^{2p}_M(X,Q(p))$ to the space of weight 2p Hodge cycles in $H^{2p}(X,Q)$. We conjecture that this is surjective when X is define…
We study restrictions on cohomology algebras of Kaehler compact manifolds, not depending on the h^{p,q} numbers or the symplectic structure. To illustrate the effectiveness of these restrictions, we give a number of examples of compact symplectic manifolds satisfying the Lefschetz property but not having the cohomology algebra of a compact Kaehler manifold. We also prove the stability of these restrictions under products.
We introduce the notion of lef line bundles on a complex projective manifold. We prove that lef line bundles satisfy the Hard Lefschetz Theorem, the Lefschetz Decomposition and the Hodge-Riemann Bilinear Relations. We study proper holomorphic semismall maps from complex manifolds and prove that, for constant coefficients, the Decomposition Theorem is equivalent to the non-degeneracy of certain intersection forms. We give a proof of the Decomposition Theorem for the complex direct image of the constant sheaf when the domain and the target are projective by proving that the forms in question are…
We prove an analogue of the Lefschetz (1,1) Theorem characterizing cohomology classes of Cartier divisors (or equivalently first Chern classes of line bundles) in the second integral cohomology. Let $X$ be a normal complex projective variety. We show that the classes of Cartier divisors in $H^2(X,Z)$ are precisely the classes $x$ such that (i) the image of $x$ in $H^2(X,C)$ (cohomology with complex coefficients) lies in $F^1 H^2(X,C)$ (first level of the Hodge filtration for Deligne's mixed Hodge structure), and (ii) $x$ is Zariski-locally trivial, i.e., there is a covering of $X$ by Zariski o…
Conditional on the Lefschetz standard conjecture in degree 2, we prove that the index of a Brauer class on a smooth projective variety divides a fixed power of its period, uniformly in smooth families. In the other direction, we reinterpret in more classical terms recent work of Hotchkiss which gives Hodge-theoretic lower bounds on the index of Brauer classes. We also prove versions of our results over arbitrary algebraically closed base fields, and as an application construct qualitatively new counterexamples to the integral Tate conjecture.
In this survey article we present connections between Picard--Lefschetz invariants of isolated hypersurface singularities and Blanchfield forms for links. We emphasize the unifying role of Hermitian Variation Structures introduced by Némethi.
We give a spectral sequence to compute the logarithmic Hodge groups on a hypersurface type toric log Calabi-Yau space, compute its E_1 term explicitly in terms of tropical degeneration data and Jacobian rings and prove its degeneration at E_2 under mild assumptions. We prove the basechange of the affine Hodge groups and deduce it for the logarithmic Hodge groups in low dimensions. As an application, we prove a mirror symmetry duality in dimension two and four involving the usual Hodge numbers, the stringy Hodge numbers and the affine Hodge numbers.
Stringy invariants for abelian character varieties
Faculdade de Ciências, Univ. de Lisboa（里斯本大学理学院）；Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid（马德里康普顿斯大学数学科学学院）；Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas (CSIC-UAM-UCM-UC3M)（数学科学研究所）；Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（马德里理工大学）
