The Hard Lefschetz theorem for intersection cohomology of nonrational polytopes was recently proved by K. Karu [Ka]. This theorem implies the conjecture of R. Stanley on the unimodularity of the generalized $h$-vector. In this paper we strengthen Karu's theorem by introducing a canonical bilinear form $(\cdot ,\cdot)_Φ$ on the intersection cohomology $IH(Φ)$ of a complete fan $Φ$ and proving the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations for $(\cdot ,\cdot)_Φ$.
The Hard Lefschetz theorem is known to hold for the intersection cohomology of the toric variety associated to a rational convex polytope. One can construct the intersection cohomology combinatorially from the polytope, hence it is well defined even for nonrational polytopes when there is no variety associated to it. We prove the Hard Lefschetz theorem for the intersection cohomology of a general polytope.
We study an analogue of the Noether-Lefschetz theorem in the context of Beilinson's Hodge conjecture. We estimate the dimension of the Noether-Lefschetz locus by the infinitesimal methods in Hodge theory.
For projective varieties with a certain class of 'mild' isolated singularities and for projective threefolds with arbitrary Gorenstein canonical singularities, we show that the stringy Hodge numbers satisfy the Hard Lefschetz property. This result fits nicely with a 6-dimensional counterexample of Mustata and Payne for the Hard Lefschetz property for stringy Hodge numbers in general. We also give such an example, ours is a hypersurface singularity.
We prove the Relative Hard Lefschetz theorem and the Relative Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations for combinatorial intersection cohomology sheaves on fans.
The main subject of study in this paper is the Noether-Lefschetz locus for Beilinson-Hodge cycles on the complement of the union of hyperplane sections in a surface in $\Bbb P^3$. We give an analogue of the result by M.Green and C.Voisin on the maximal components in the Noether-Lefschetz locus.
CNRS - LMO, Université Paris-Saclay（法国国家科学研究中心-数学与理论物理实验室，巴黎萨克雷大学）；École Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院）；Institute for Advanced Study（高等研究院）
In this article we prove that the log Hodge de Rham spectral sequences of certain proper log smooth schemes of Cartier type in characteristic $p>0$ degenerate at $E_1$. We also prove that the log Kodaira vanishings for them hold when they are projective. We formulate the log weak Lefschetz conjecture for log crystalline cohomologies and prove that it is true in certain cases.
For a fixed integer $d$, we study here the locus of degree $d$ hypersurfaces $X$ in $\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}$ such that $H^{2n}(X,\mathbb{Q}) \cap H^{n,n}(X,\mathbb{C}) \not= \mathbb{Q}$. We call this locus \textit{the Noether-Lefschetz locus}. Any irreducible component of this locus is locally a Hodge locus. So, we see that the study of this locus is very closely related to the variational Hodge conjecture. In this article we show that the Hodge locus corresponding to the cohomology class of a complete intersection subscheme in $\mathbb{P}^{2n+1}$ of codimension $n+1$ and degree less than $d$ satis…
We present a Macaulay2 package that produces compactifications of adjoint orbits and of the fibres of symplectic Lefschetz fibrations on them. We use Macaulay2 functions to calculate the corresponding Hodge diamonds, which then reveal topological information about the Lefschetz fibrations.
Statements analogous to the Hard Lefschetz Theorem (HLT) and the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations (HRR) hold in a variety of contexts: they impose restrictions on the cohomology algebra of a smooth compact Kähler manifold or on the intersection cohomology of a projective toric variety; they restrict the local monodromy of a polarized variation of Hodge structure; they impose conditions on the possible $f$-vectors of convex polytopes. While the statements of these theorems depend on the choice of a Kähler class, or its analog, there is usually a cone of possible Kähler classes. It is then natur…
These notes were written to serve as an easy reference for \cite{Wang-AF}. All the results in this presentation are well-known (or quasi-well-known) theorems in Hodge theory. Our main purpose was to give a unified approach based on a variation formula of the Lefschetz star operator, following \cite{Wang-k}. It fits quite well with Timorin's $T$-Hodge theory, i.e. the Hodge theory on the space of differential forms divided by $T$ (i.e. forms like $T\wedge u$), where $T$ is a finite wedge product of Kähler forms.
Motivated by a question of Hansen and Li, we show that a smooth and proper rigid analytic space $X$ with projective reduction satisfies Hodge symmetry in the following situations: (1) the base non-archimedean field $K$ is of residue characteristic zero, (2) $K$ is $p$-adic and $X$ has good ordinary reduction, (3) $K$ is $p$-adic and $X$ has "combinatorial reduction."' We also reprove a version of their result, Hodge symmetry for $H^1$, without the use of moduli spaces of semistable sheaves. All of this relies on cases of Kato's log hard Lefschetz conjecture, which we prove for $H^1$ and for lo…
Traditionally, Hodge structures are associated with complex projective varieties. In my expository lectures I discussed a non-commutative generalization of Hodge structures in deformation quantization and in derived algebraic geometry.
We prove the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations, the hard Lefschetz theorem and the Lefschetz decomposition for compact Kahler manifolds in the mixed situation.
We prove Bloch's conjecture for correspondences on powers of complex abelian varieties, that are "generically defined". As an application we establish vanishing results for (skew-)symmetric cycles on powers of abelian varieties and we address a question of Voisin concerning (skew-)symmetric cycles on powers of K3 surfaces in the case of Kummer surfaces. We also prove Bloch's conjecture in the following situation. Let $γ$ be a correspondence between two abelian varieties $A$ and $B$ that can be written as a linear combination of products of symmetric divisors. Assume that $A$ is isogenous to th…
We prove the hard Lefschetz theorem and the Hodge-Riemann relations for a commutative ring associated to an arbitrary matroid M. We use the Hodge-Riemann relations to resolve a conjecture of Heron, Rota, and Welsh that postulates the log-concavity of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of M. We furthermore conclude that the f-vector of the independence complex of a matroid forms a log-concave sequence, proving a conjecture of Mason and Welsh for general matroids.
We give a classification of components of the Hodge locus in any parameter space of smooth projective varieties. This is done using determinantal varieties constructed from the infinitesimal variation of Hodge structures (IVHS) of the underlying family. As a corollary we prove that the minimum codimension for the components of the Hodge locus in the parameter space of $m$-dimensional hypersurfaces of degree $d$ with $d\geq 2+\frac{4}{m}$ and in a Zariski neighborhood of the point representing the Fermat variety, is obtained by the locus of hypersurfaces passing through an $\frac{m}{2}$-dimensi…
For any Shimura variety of Hodge type with hyperspecial level at a prime $p$ and automorphic lisse sheaf on it, we prove a formula, conjectured by Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90}, for the Lefschetz numbers of Frobenius-twisted Hecke correspondences acting on the compactly supported étale cohomology. Our proof is an adaptation of the arguments of Langlands and Rapoport \cite{LR87} of deriving the Kottwitz's formula from their conjectural description of the set of mod-$p$ points of Shimura variety (Langlands-Rapoport conjecture), which replaces their Galois gerb theoretic arguments by more geometric …
We describe the Hodge theory of brilliant families of K3 surfaces. Their characteristic feature is a close link between the Hodge structures of any two fibres over points in the Noether-Lefschetz locus. Twistor deformations, the analytic Tate-Safarevic group, and one-dimensional Shimura special cycles are covered by the theory. In this setting, the Brauer group is viewed as the Noether-Lefschetz locus of the Brauer family or as the specialization of the Noether-Lefschetz loci in a family of approaching twistor spaces. Passing from one algebraic twistor fibre to another, which by construction i…
We consider 18 families of elliptic Calabi--Yaus which arise in constructing $F$-theory compactifications of string vacua, and show in each case that the upper Hodge diamond of a crepant resolution of the associated Weierstrass model coincides with the upper Hodge diamond of the (blown up) projective bundle in which the crepant resolution is naturally embedded. Such results are unexpected, as each crepant resolution we consider does \emph{not} satisfy the hypotheses of the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem. In light of such findings, we suspect that all ellipitic Calabi--Yaus satisfy such a `Lefsch…
Singular Hodge theory for combinatorial geometries
University of Massachusetts, Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院）；North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）；University of Oregon（俄勒冈大学）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）
For any Shimura variety of Hodge type with hyperspecial level at a prime $p$ and a lisse sheaf on it, we prove a formula, conjectured by Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90}, for the Lefschetz number of an arbitrary Frobenius-twisted Hecke correspondence acting on the compactly supported étale cohomology and verify another conjecture of Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90} on the stabilization of that formula. The main ingredients of our proof of the formula are a recent work of Kisin \cite{Kisin17} on Langlands-Rapoport conjecture and the theory of Galois gerbs developed by Langlands and Rapoport \cite{LR87}. Es…
Firstly we show a generalization of the (1,1)-Lefschetz theorem for projective toric orbifolds and secondly we prove that on 2k-dimensional quasi-smooth hypersurfaces coming from quasi-smooth intersection surfaces, under the Cayley trick, every rational (k,k)-cohomology class is algebraic, i.e., the Hodge conjecture holds on them.
We prove the arithmetic Hodge index and hard Lefschetz conjectures for the Grassmannian $G=G(2,N)$ parametrizing lines in projective space, for the natural arithmetic Lefschetz operator defined via the Plücker embedding of $G$ in projective space. The analysis of the Hodge index inequalities involves estimates on certain Racah polynomials.
The goal of this article is to try understand where Hodge cycles on a singular complex projective variety X come from. As a first step we consider Hodge cycles on the maximal pure quotient $H^{2p}(X)/W_{2p-1}$, and introduce a class of algebraic cycles that we call homologically Cartier, that should conjecturally describe all such Hodge cycles. Secondly, given a singular complex projective variety $X$, we show that there is a cycle map from motivic cohomology group $H^{2p}_M(X,Q(p))$ to the space of weight 2p Hodge cycles in $H^{2p}(X,Q)$. We conjecture that this is surjective when X is define…
The perverse filtration in cohomology and in cohomology with compact supports is interpreted in terms of kernels of restrictions maps to suitable subvarieties by using the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem and spectral objects. Various mixed-Hodge-theoretic consequences for intersection cohomology and for the decomposition theorem are derived.
According to the decomposition and relative hard Lefschetz theorems, given a projective map of complex quasi projective algebraic varieties and a relatively ample line bundle, the rational intersection cohomology groups of the domain of the map split into various direct summands. While the summands are canonical, the splitting is certainly not, as the choice of the line bundle yields at least three different splittings by means of three mechanisms in a triangulated category introduced by Deligne. It is known that these three choices yield splittings of mixed Hodge structures. In this paper, we…
We study the positivity of complete intersections of nef classes. We first give a sufficient and necessary characterization on the complete intersection classes which have hard Lefschetz property on a compact complex torus, equivalently, in the linear case. In turn, this provides us new kinds of cohomology classes which have Hodge-Riemann property or hard Lefschetz property on an arbitrary compact Kähler manifold. We also give a complete characterization on when the complete intersection classes are non-vanishing on an arbitrary compact Kähler manifold. Both characterizations are given by the …
The theorem of Barth-Lefschetz is a statement about the cohomology of a submanifold X of some projective space, in a range depending on the codimension of the embedding. Here this is generalized to the case of a submanifold X of a smooth projective toric variety Y, under some natural conditions on X. In particular, in the Barth-Lefschetz range a formula for the Hodge numbers of X in terms of the toric, i.e. combinatorial data of Y is given.
In this paper we prove that the cohomology of smooth projective tropical varieties verify the tropical analogs of three fundamental theorems which govern the cohomology of complex projective varieties: Hard Lefschetz theorem, Hodge-Riemann relations and monodromy-weight conjecture. On the way to establish these results, we introduce and prove other results of independent interest. This includes a generalization of the results of Adiprasito-Huh-Katz, Hodge theory for combinatorial geometries, to any unimodular quasi-projective fan having the same support as the Bergman fan of a matroid, a tropi…
We study restrictions on cohomology algebras of Kaehler compact manifolds, not depending on the h^{p,q} numbers or the symplectic structure. To illustrate the effectiveness of these restrictions, we give a number of examples of compact symplectic manifolds satisfying the Lefschetz property but not having the cohomology algebra of a compact Kaehler manifold. We also prove the stability of these restrictions under products.
We introduce the notion of lef line bundles on a complex projective manifold. We prove that lef line bundles satisfy the Hard Lefschetz Theorem, the Lefschetz Decomposition and the Hodge-Riemann Bilinear Relations. We study proper holomorphic semismall maps from complex manifolds and prove that, for constant coefficients, the Decomposition Theorem is equivalent to the non-degeneracy of certain intersection forms. We give a proof of the Decomposition Theorem for the complex direct image of the constant sheaf when the domain and the target are projective by proving that the forms in question are…
In this survey article we present connections between Picard--Lefschetz invariants of isolated hypersurface singularities and Blanchfield forms for links. We emphasize the unifying role of Hermitian Variation Structures introduced by Némethi.
We prove an analogue of the Lefschetz (1,1) Theorem characterizing cohomology classes of Cartier divisors (or equivalently first Chern classes of line bundles) in the second integral cohomology. Let $X$ be a normal complex projective variety. We show that the classes of Cartier divisors in $H^2(X,Z)$ are precisely the classes $x$ such that (i) the image of $x$ in $H^2(X,C)$ (cohomology with complex coefficients) lies in $F^1 H^2(X,C)$ (first level of the Hodge filtration for Deligne's mixed Hodge structure), and (ii) $x$ is Zariski-locally trivial, i.e., there is a covering of $X$ by Zariski o…
Conditional on the Lefschetz standard conjecture in degree 2, we prove that the index of a Brauer class on a smooth projective variety divides a fixed power of its period, uniformly in smooth families. In the other direction, we reinterpret in more classical terms recent work of Hotchkiss which gives Hodge-theoretic lower bounds on the index of Brauer classes. We also prove versions of our results over arbitrary algebraically closed base fields, and as an application construct qualitatively new counterexamples to the integral Tate conjecture.
Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety with trivial Chow groups. (By trivial, we mean that the cycle class is injective.) We show (assuming the Lefschetz standard conjecture) that if the vanishing cohomology of a general complete intersection $Y$ of ample hypersurfaces in $X$ has geometric coniveau $\geq c$, then the Chow groups of cycles of dimension $\leq c-1$ of $Y$ are trivial. The generalized Bloch conjecture for $Y$ is this statement with "geometric coniveau" replaced by "Hodge coniveau".
We prove a Lefschetz (1,1)-Theorem for proper seminormal varieties over the complex numbers. The proof is a non-trivial geometric argument applied to the isogeny class of the Lefschetz 1-motive associated to the mixed Hodge structure on H^2.
We study the cohomology rings of snc log symplectic pairs $(X,Y)$ which have log symplectic forms of pure weight. We show that under a certain natural condition, the cohomology ring of $X \setminus Y$ exhibits the curious hard Lefschetz property. Analogous results are shown to hold for limit mixed Hodge structures associated to good degenerations of projective irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds. We provide several examples of log symplectic pairs of pure weight including a class of cluster-type varieties, and examples coming from the work of Feigin and Odesski. We show that the compo…
We construct a polarized Hodge structure on the primitive part of Chen and Ruan's orbifold cohomology $H_{orb}^k(X)$ for projective $SL$-orbifolds $X$ satisfying a ``Hard Lefschetz Condition''. Furthermore, the total cohomology $H_{orb}^{*,*}(X)$ forms a mixed Hodge structure that is polarized by every element of the Kähler cone of $X$. Using results of Cattani-Kaplan-Schmid this implies the existence of an abstract polarized variation of Hodge structure on the complexified Kähler cone of $X$. This construction should be considered as the analogue of the abstract polarized variation of Hodge s…
We establish the Hodge conjecture for some subvarieties of a class of toric varieties. First we study quasi-smooth intersections in a projective simplicial toric variety, which is a suitable notion to generalize smooth complete intersection subvarieties in the toric environment, and in particular quasi-smooth hypersurfaces. We show that under appropriate conditions, the Hodge Conjecture holds for a very general quasi-smooth intersection subvariety, generalizing the work on quasi-smooth hypersurfaces of the first author and Grassi in [3]. We also show that the Hodge Conjecture holds asymptotica…
We prove an unconditional (but slightly weakened) version of the main result of our earlier paper with the same title, which was, starting from dimension $4$, conditional to the Lefschetz standard conjecture. Let $X$ be a variety with trivial Chow groups, (i.e. the cycle class map to cohomology is injective on $CH(X)_\mathbb{Q}$). We prove that if the cohomology of a general very ample hypersurface $Y$ in $X$ is ``parameterized by cycles of dimension $c$'', then the Chow groups $CH_{i}(Y)_\mathbb{Q}$ are trivial for $i\leq c-1$.
We initiate a systematic study of the cohomology of cluster varieties. We introduce the Louise property for cluster algebras that holds for all acyclic cluster algebras, and for most cluster algebras arising from marked surfaces. For cluster varieties satisfying the Louise property and of full rank, we show that the cohomology satisfies the curious Lefschetz property of Hausel and Rodriguez-Villegas, and that the mixed Hodge structure is split over the rationals. We give a complete description of the highest weight part of the mixed Hodge structure of these cluster varieties, and develop the n…
