We study the theory of scattering in the energy space for the Hartree equation in space dimension n>2. Using the method of Morawetz and Strauss, we prove in particular asymptotic completeness for radial nonnegative nonincreasing potentials satisfying suitable regularity properties at the origin and suitable decay properties at infinity. The results cover in particular the case of the potential |x|^(- gamma) for 2 < gamma < Min(4,n).
We establish global existence, scattering for radial solutions to the energy-critical focusing Hartree equation with energy and $\dot{H}^1$ norm less than those of the ground state in $\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq 5$.
We study the theory of scattering for a class of Hartree type equations with long range interactions in space dimension n > 2, including Hartree equations with potential V(x) = lambda |x|^{- gamma} with gamma < 1. For 1/2 < gamma < 1 we prove the existence of modified wave operators with no size restriction on the data and we determine the asymptotic behaviour in time of solutions in the range of the wave operators.
We establish global well-posedness and scattering for solutions to the mass-critical nonlinear Hartree equation $iu_t+Δu=\pm(|x|^{-2}*|u|^2)u$ for large spherically symmetric $L^2_x(\Bbb{R}^d)$ initial data; in the focusing case we require, of course, that the mass is strictly less than that of the ground state.
We prove decay with respect to some Lebesgue norms for a class of Schrödinger equations with non-local nonlinearities by showing new Morawetz inequalities and estimates. As a byproduct, we obtain large-data scattering in the energy space for the solutions to the systems of $N$ defocusing Schrödinger-Choquard equations with mass-energy intercritical nonlinearities in any space dimension and of defocusing Hartree-Fock equations, for any dimension $d\geq3$.
We study the theory of scattering for a class of Hartree type equations with long range interactions in space dimension n > 2, including Hartree equations with potential V(x) = lambda |x|^{- gamma}. For 0 < gamma < or =1 we prove the existence of modified wave operators with no size restriction on the data and we determine the asymptotic behaviour in time of solutions in the range of the wave operators,thereby extending the results of a previous paper with the same title (math.AP/9807031) which covered the range 1/2 < gamma <1.
The inverse scattering theory for many-body systems in quantum mechanics is an important and difficult issue not only in physics---atomic physics, molecular physics and nuclear physics---but also mathematics. The major purpose in this paper is to establish a reconstruction procedure of two-body interactions from scattering solutions for a Hartree-Fock equation. More precisely, this paper gives a uniqueness theorem and proposes a new reconstruction procedure of the short-range and two-body interactions from a high-velocity limit of the scattering operator for the Hartree-Fock equation. Moreover…
In this paper, we study the real analyticity of the scattering operator for the Hartree equation $ i\partial_tu=-Δu+u(V*|u|^2)$. To this end, we exploit interior and exterior cut-off in time and space, and combining with the compactness argument to overcome difficulties which arise from absence of good properties for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, such as the finite speed of propagation and ideal time decay estimate. Additionally, the method in this paper allows us to simplify the proof of analyticity of the scattering operator for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with cubic nonlinear…
We consider the defocusing, $\dot{H}^1$-critical Hartree equation for the radial data in all dimensions $(n\geq 5)$. We show the global well-posedness and scattering results in the energy space. The new ingredient in this paper is that we first take advantage of the term $\displaystyle - \int_{I}\int_{|x|\leq A|I|^{1/2}}|u|^{2}Δ\Big(\frac{1}{|x|}\Big)dxdt$ in the localized Morawetz identity to rule out the possibility of energy concentration, instead of the classical Morawetz estimate dependent of the nonlinearity.
We investigate the focusing $\dot H^{1/2}$-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) of Hartree type $i\partial_t u + Δu = -(|\cdot|^{-3} \ast |u|^2)u$ with $\dot H^{1/2}$ radial data in dimension $d = 5$. It is proved that if the maximal life-span solution obeys $\sup_{t}\big\||\nabla|^{1/2}u\big\|_2 < \frac{\sqrt{6}}{3} \big\||\nabla|^{1/2}Q\big\|_2$, where $Q$ is the positive radial solution to the elliptic equation(\ref{e14}). Then the solution is global and scatters.
We consider the nonlinear Hartree equation for an interacting gas containing infinitely many particles and we investigate the large-time stability of the stationary states of the form $f(-Δ)$, describing an homogeneous Fermi gas. Under suitable assumptions on the interaction potential and on the momentum distribution $f$, we prove that the stationary state is asymptotically stable in dimension 2. More precisely, for any initial datum which is a small perturbation of $f(-Δ)$ in a Schatten space, the system weakly converges to the stationary state for large times.
We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the defocusing mass-subcritical Hartree NLS $iu_t + Δu = F(u) = (|x|^{-γ}*|u|^2)u$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq 2$, $\frac{4}{3} < γ< 2$. We show that the scattering problem associated to this equation is analytically well-posed in the weighted spaces $Σ= H^1\cap\mathcal{F}H^1$ and $\mathcal{F}H^1$. Furthermore, we show that the same problem fails to be analytically well-posed for data in $L^2$. This constitutes an infinite loss of regularity between the scattering problems in weighted spaces and in $L^2$. This further develops an earlier investiga…
We study the theory of scattering for a class of Hartree type equations with long range interactions in arbitrary space dimension n > or = 1, including the case of Hartree equations with time dependent potential V(t,x) = kappa t^(mu - gamma) |x|^{- mu} with 0 < gamma < or =1 and 0 < mu < n.This includes the case of potential V(x) = kappa |x|^(-gamma) and can be extended to the limiting case of nonlinear Schr"odinger equations with cubic nonlinearity kappa t^(n- gamma) u|u|^2.Using Gevrey spaces of asymptotic states and solutions,we prove the existence of modified local wave operators at infini…
Using the same induction on energy argument in both frequency space and spatial space simultaneously as in \cite{CKSTT07}, \cite{RyV05} and \cite{Vi05}, we obtain global well-posedness and scattering of energy solutions of defocusing energy-critical nonlinear Hartree equation in $\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^n$($n\geq 5$), which removes the radial assumption on the data in \cite{MiXZ07a}. The new ingredients are that we use a modified long time perturbation theory to obtain the frequency localization (Proposition \ref{freqdelocaimplystbound} and Corollary \ref{frequencylocalization}) of the min…
This note studies the asymptotic behavior of global solutions to the fourth-order generalized Hartree equation $$i\dot u+Δ^2 u\pm(I_α*|u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u=0.$$ Indeed, for both attractive and repulsive sign, the scattering is obtained in the mass super-critical and energy sub-critical regimes, with radial setting.
We study the Cauchy problems for the Hartree-type nonlinear Dirac equations with Yukawa-type potential derived from pseudoscalar field. We establish scattering for large data but with a relatively small part of initial data associated with charge conjugation by exploiting null structure induced by chirality.
We prove the global well-posedness and scattering for the defocusing $H^{\frac12}$-subcritical (that is, $2<γ<3$) Hartree equation with low regularity data in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq 3$. Precisely, we show that a unique and global solution exists for initial data in the Sobolev space $H^s\big(\mathbb{R}^d\big)$ with $s>4(γ-2)/(3γ-4)$, which also scatters in both time directions. This improves the result in \cite{ChHKY}, where the global well-posedness was established for any $s>\max\big(1/2,4(γ-2)/(3γ-4)\big)$. The new ingredients in our proof are that we make use of an interaction Morawetz est…
This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of global solutions to the generalized Hartree equation $$i\dot u+Δu+(I_α*|\cdot|^b|u|^p)|x|^b|u|^{p-2}u=0 .$$ Indeed, using a new approach due to \cite{dm}, one proves the scattering of the above inhomogeneous Choquard equation in the mass-super-critical and energy sub-critical regimes with radial setting.
This manuscript proves the energy scattering of global solutions to a repulsive fourth-order generalized Hartree equation with non-radial data in the inter-critical regime. This work uses a new approach due to Dodson-Murphy [4] and extends the previous work [14] by removing the spherically symmetric assumption on the data.
We consider inverse scattering problems for the three-dimensional Hartree equation. We prove that if the unknown interaction potential $V(x)$ of the equation satisfies some rapid decay condition, then we can uniquely determine the exact value of $\partial_ξ^α\hat{V}(0)$ for any multi-index $α$ by the knowledge of the scattering operator for the equation. Furthermore, we show some stability estimate for identifying $\partial_ξ^α\hat{V}(0)$.
We prove a scattering result near certain steady states for a Hartree equation for a random field. This equation describes the evolution of a system of infinitely many particles. It is an analogous formulation of the usual Hartree equation for density matrices. We treat dimensions 2 and 3, extending our previous result. We reach a large class of interaction potentials, which includes the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. This result has an incidence in the density matrices framework. The proof relies on dispersive techniques used for the study of scattering for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation…
We consider Cauchy problem of the Hartree-type nonlinear Dirac equation with potentials given by $V_b(x) = \frac1{4π}\frac{e^{-b|x|}}{|x|}\, (b \ge 0)$. In previous works, a standard argument is to utilise null form estimates in order to prove global well-posedness for $H^s$-data, $s>0$. However, the null structure inside the equations is not enough to attain the critical regularity. We impose an extra regularity assumption with respect to the angular variable. Firstly, we prove global well-posedness and scattering of Dirac equations with Hartree-type nonlinearity for $b>0$ for small $L^2_x$-d…
Recently low-regularity behaviour of solutions to cubic Dirac equations with the Hartree-type nonlinearity has been extensively studied in somewhat a specific assumption on the structure of the nonlinearity. The key approach of previous results was to exploit the null structure in the nonlinearity and the decay of the Yukawa potential. In this paper, we aim to go beyond; we investigate the strong scattering property of cubic Dirac equations with quite a general class of the Hartree-type nonlinearity, which covers the Coulomb potential as well as the Yukawa potential, and the bilinear form, in …
Scattering for the mass-critical fractional Schrödinger equation with a cubic Hartree-type nonlinearity for initial data in a small ball in the scale-invariant space of three-dimensional radial and square-integrable initial data is established. For this, we prove a bilinear estimate for free solutions and extend it to perturbations of bounded quadratic variation. This result is shown to be sharp by proving the unboundedness of a third order derivative of the flow map in the super-critical range.
In this paper we study the small data scattering of Hartree type semirelativistic equation in space dimension $3$. The Hartree type nonlinearity is $[V * |u|^2]u$ and the potential $V$ which generalizes the Yukawa has some growth condition. We show that the solution scatters to linear solution if an initial data given in $ H^{s,1}$ is sufficiently small and $s>\frac14$. Here, $H^{s, 1}$ is Sobolev type space taking in angular regularity with norm defined by $\|φ\|_{ H^{s, 1}} = \|φ\|_{ H^{s}} + \|\nabla_{\mathbb S} φ\|_{H^{s}}$. To establish the results we employ the recently developed Stricha…
We consider the question of scattering for the boson star equation in three space dimensions. This is a semi-relativistic Klein-Gordon equation with a cubic nonlinearity of Hartree type. We combine weighted estimates, obtained by exploiting a special null structure present in the equation, and a refined asymptotic analysis performed in Fourier space, to obtain global solutions evolving from small and localized Cauchy data. We describe the behavior at infinity of such solutions by identifying a suitable nonlinear asymptotic correction to scattering. As a byproduct of the weighted energy estimat…
We consider the Dirac equation with cubic Hartree-type nonlinearity derived by uncoupling the Dirac-Klein-Gordon systems. We prove small data scattering result in full subcritical range. Main ingredients of the proof are the localized Strichartz estimates, improved bilinear estimates thanks to null-structure hidden in Dirac operator and $Up,Vp$ function spaces. We apply the projection operator and get a system which of linear part is the Klein-Gordon type. It enables us to exploit the null-structures in equation. This result is shown to be almost optimal by showing that iteration method based …
In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem of 2d Dirac equation with Hartree type nonlinearity $c(|\cdot|^{-γ} * \langle ψ, βψ\rangle)βψ$ with $c\in \mathbb R\setminus\{0\} $, $0 < γ< 2$. Our aim is to show the small data global well-posedness and scattering in $H^s$ for $s > γ-1$ and $1 < γ< 2$. The difficulty stems from the singularity of the low-frequency part $|ξ|^{-(2-γ)}χ_{\{|ξ|\le 1\}}$ of potential. To overcome it we adapt $U^p-V^p$ space argument and bilinear estimates of \cite{yang, tes2d} arising from the null structure. We also provide nonexistence result for scattering in the long…
In this paper we study 3-d Hartree type fractional Schrödin-ger equations: \begin{equation} i\partial_{t}u-|\nabla|^αu = λ\left(|x|^{-γ} *| u|^{2} \right)u,\;\;1 < α< 2,\;\;0 < γ< 3,\;\; λ\in \mathbb R \setminus \{0\}. \end{equation} In \cite{cho} it is known that no scattering occurs in $L^2$ for the long range ($0 < γ\le 1$). In \cite{c0, chooz2, cho1} the short-range scattering ($1 < γ< 3$) was treated for the scattering in $H^s$. In this paper we consider the critical case ($γ= 1$) and prove a modified scattering in $L^\infty$ on the frequency to the Cauchy problem with small initial data.…
Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations (NLS) of the Hartree type occur in the modeling of quantum semiconductor devices. Their "semiclassical" limit of vanishing (scaled) Planck constant is both a mathematical challenge and practically relevant when coupling quantum models to classical models. With the aim of describing the semi-classical limit of the 3D Schrodinger--Poisson system with an additional harmonic potential, we study some semi-classical limits of the Hartree equation with harmonic potential in space dimension n>1. The harmonic potential is confining, and causes focusing periodically in ti…
Global well-posedness and scattering for mass-critical Hartree equation
Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics（中国工程物理研究院研究生部）；School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing（北京科技大学数理学院）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学数学系）；Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics and National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics（应用物理与计算数学研究所及计算物理学国家重点实验室）
We consider the fractional Hartree equation in the $L^2$-supercritical case, and we find a sharp threshold of the scattering versus blow-up dichotomy for radial data: If $ M[u_{0}]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}E[u_{0}<M[Q]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}E[Q]$ and $M[u_{0}]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}\|u_{0}\|^2_{\dot H^s}<M[Q]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}\| Q\|^2_{\dot H^s}$, then the solution $u(t)$ is globally well-posed and scatters; if $ M[u_{0}]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}E[u_{0}]<M[Q]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}E[Q]$ and $M[u_{0}]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}\|u_{0}\|^2_{\dot H^s}>M[Q]^{\frac{s-s_c}{s_c}}\| Q\|^2_{\dot H^s}$, the solution $u(t)$ blow…
We consider the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation $i u_t + Δu + |u|^{p-1}u=0$, $p>1,$ and the generalized Hartree equation $iv_t + Δv + (|x|^{-(N-γ)}\ast |v|^p)|v|^{p-2}u=0$, $p\geq2$, $γ<N$, in the mass-supercritical and energy-subcritical setting. With the initial data $u_0\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$ the characterization of solutions behavior under the mass-energy threshold is known for the NLS case from the works of Holmer and Roudenko in the radial [16] and Duyckaerts, Holmer and Roudenko in the nonradial setting [10] and further generalizations (see [1,11,14]); for the generalized Hartre…
We reconsider the theory of scattering for some long range Hartree equations with potential |x|^-gamma with 1/2 < gamma < 1. More precisely we study the local Cauchy problem with infinite initial time, which is the main step in the construction of the modified wave operators. We solve that problem in the whole subcritical range without loss of regularity between the asymptotic state and the solution, thereby recovering a result of Nakanishi. Our method starts from a different parametrization of the solutions, already used in our previous papers. This reduces the proofs to energy estimates and …
We consider a Hartree equation for a random variable, which describes the temporal evolution of infinitely many Fermions. On the Euclidean space, this equation possesses equilibria which are not localised. We show their stability through a scattering result, with respect to localised perturbations in the defocusing case in high dimensions $d\geq 4$. This provides an analogue of the results of Lewin and Sabin \cite{LS2}, and of Chen, Hong and Pavlović \cite{CHP2} for the Hartree equation on operators. The proof relies on dispersive techniques used for the study of scattering for the nonlinear S…
We study Cauchy problem for the Klein-Gordon (HNLKG), wave (HNLW) and Schrödinger (HNLS) equations with cubic convolution (Hartree type) nonlinearity. Some global well-posedness and scattering are obtained for the (HNLKG) and (HNLS) with small Cauchy data in some modulation spaces. Global well-posedness for fractional Schrödinger (fNLSH) equation with Hartree type nonlinearity is obtained with Cauchy data in some modulation spaces. Local well-posedness for (HNLW), (fHNLS) and (HNLKG) with rough data in modulation spaces is shown. This improves known results in Sobolev spaces in some sense. As …
We prove that the initial value problem for the Dirac equation $ \left ( -iγ^μ\partial_μ+ m \right) ψ = \left(\frac{e^{- |x|}}{|x|} \ast ( \overline ψψ)\right) ψ\quad \text{in } \ \R^{1+3} $ is globally well-posed and the solution scatters to free waves asymptotically as $t \rightarrow \pm \infty$, if we start with initial data that is small in $H^s$ for $s>0$. This is an almost critical well-posedness result in the sense that $L^2$ is the critical space for the equation. The main ingredients in the proof are Strichartz estimates, space-time bilinear null-form estimates for free waves in $L^2$…
We study the Cauchy problems for the Hartree-type nonlinear Dirac equations with Yukawa-type potential in two and three spatial dimensions. This paper improves our previous results \cite{chohlee,cholee}; we establish global well-posedness and scattering for large data with a certain condition. Firstly we investigate the long-time behavior of solutions to the Dirac equation satisfies good control provided that a particular dispersive norm of solutions is bounded. The key of our proof relies on modifying multilinear estimates obtained in our previous papers. Secondly, we obtain large data scatte…
We consider the focusing $5$d Hartree equation, which is $L^2$-supercritical, with finite energy initial data, and investigate the solutions at the mass-energy threshold. We establish the existence of special solutions following the work of Duyckaerts-Roudenko [11] for the $3$d focusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS). In particular, apart from the ground state solution $Q$, which is global but non-scattering, there exist special solutions $Q^+$ and $Q^-$, which in one time direction approach $Q$ exponentially, and in the other time direction $Q^+$ blows up in finite time and $Q^-$ …
We continue the study of the theory of scattering for some long range Hartree equations with potential |x|^-gamma, performed in a previous paper, denoted as I, in the range 1/2 < gamma < 1. Here we extend the results to the range 1/3 < gamma < 1/2. More precisely, we study the local Cauchy problem with infinite initial time, which is the main step in the construction of the modified wave operators. We solve that problem without loss of regularity between the asymptotic state and the solution, as in I, but in contrast to I, we are no longer able to cover the entire subcritical range of regulari…
In this paper, we study the scattering theory for the defocusing energy-critical Klein-Gordon equation with a cubic convolution $u_{tt}-Δu+u+(|x|^{-4}\ast|u|^2)u=0$ in the spatial dimension $d \geq 5$. We utilize the strategy in [S. Ibrahim, N. Masmoudi and K. Nakanishi, Scattering threshold for the focusing nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. Analysis and PDE., 4 (2011), 405-460.] derived from concentration compactness ideas to show that the proof of the global well-posedness and scattering is reduced to disprove the existence of the soliton-like solution. Employing technique from [B. Pausader, …
We consider the evolution of $N$ fermions interacting through a Coulomb or gravitational potential in the mean-field limit as governed by the nonlinear Hartree equation with Coulomb or gravitational interaction. In the limit of large $N$, we study the convergence in trace norm towards the classical Vlasov-Poisson equation for a special class of mixed quasi-free states.
We prove that the initial value problem for the equation \[ - i\partial_t u + \sqrt{m^2-Δ} \, u= (\frac{e^{-μ_0 |x|}}{|x|} \ast |u|^2)u \ \text{in} \ \mathbb R^{1+3}, \quad m\ge 0, \ μ_0 >0\] is globally well-posed and the solution scatters to free waves asymptotically as $t \to \pm \infty$ if we start with initial data which is small in $H^s(\mathbb R^{3})$ for $s>\frac12$, and if $m>0$. Moreover, if the initial data is radially symmetric we can improve the above result to $m\ge 0$ and $s>0$, which is almost optimal, in the sense that $L^2(\mathbb R^{3})$ is the critical space for the equatio…
