We establish Noether's inequality for surfaces of general type in positive characteristic.Then we extend Enriques' and Horikawa's classification of surfaces on the Noether line, the so-called Horikawa surfaces. We construct examples for all possible numerical invariants and in arbitrary characteristic, where we need foliations and deformation techniques to handle characteristic 2. Finally, we show that Horikawa surfaces lift to characteristic zero.
We give a theorem on the effective non-vanishing problem for algebraic surfaces in positive characteristic. For the Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing, the logarithmic Kollar vanishing and the logarithmic semipositivity, we give their counterexamples on ruled surfaces in positive characteristic.
We discuss relations between certain invariants of varieties in positive characteristic, like the a-number and the height of the Artin-Mazur formal group. We calculate the a-number for Fermat surfaces
We investigate the notion of the $p$-divisor for foliations on a smooth algebraic surface defined over a field of positive characteristic $p$ and we study some of their properties. We present a structure theorem for the $p$-divisor of foliations in the projective plane and the Hirzebruch surfaces where we show that, under certain conditions, such $p$-divisors are reduced.
These notes are an introduction to and an overview of the theory of algebraic surfaces over algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic. After some background in characteristic-p-geometry, we sketch the Kodaira-Enriques classification. Next, we turn to more special characteristic-p topics, and end by lifting results and applications to characteristic zero. We assume that the reader has a background in complex geometry and has seen the Kodaira-Enriques classification of complex surfaces before.
Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $p>0$ not necessarily perfect. Using Berthelot's theory of arithmetic $\mathcal{D}$-modules, we construct a $p$-adic formalism of Grothendieck's six operations for realizable $k$-schemes of finite type.
In his investigation on large $K$-automorphism groups of an algebraic curve, Stichtenoth obtained an upper bound on the order of the first ramification group of an algebraic curve $\cX$ defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$. Stichtenoth's bound has raised the problem of classifying all $\K$-automorphism groups $G$ of $\cX$ with the following property: There is a point $P\in \cX$ for which \begin{equation} |G_P^{(1)}|>\frac{p}{p-1}g. \end{equation} Such a classification is obtained here by proving Theorem 1.3
We present a method to compute the Euler characteristic of an algebraic subset of $\bc^n$. This method relies on clasical tools such as Gröbner basis and primary decomposition. The existence of this method allows us to define a new invariant for such varieties. This invariant is related to the poblem of counting rational points over finite fields.
We prove an analogue of the Riemann-Hurwitz theorem for computing Euler characteristics of pullbacks of coherent sheaves through finite maps of smooth projective varieties, subject only to the condition that the irreducible components of the branch and ramification locus have simple normal crossings.
We give some explicit bounds for the number of cobordism classes of real algebraic manifolds of real degree less than $d$, and for the size of the sum of $\mod 2$ Betti numbers for the real form of complex manifolds of complex degree less than $d$.
We study a formal deformation problem for rational algebraic cycle classes motivated by Grothendieck's variational Hodge conjecture. We argue that there is a close connection between the existence of a Chow-Künneth decomposition and the existence of expected deformations of cycles. This observation applies in particular to abelian schemes.
In this paper we study a correspondence between cyclic modules over the first Weyl algebra and planar algebraic curves in positive characteristic. In particular, we show that any such curve has a preimage under a morphism of certain ind-schemes. This property might pave the way for an indirect proof of existence of a canonical isomorphism between the group of algebra automorphisms of the first Weyl algebra over the field complex numbers and the group of polynomial symplectomorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$.
In this paper, we study the Albanese morphisms in positive characteristic. We prove that the Albanese morphism of a variety with nef anti-canonical divisor is an algebraic fiber space, under the assumption that the general fiber is $F$-pure. Furthermore, we consider a notion of $F$-splitting for morphisms, and investigate it of the Albanese morphisms. We show that an $F$-split variety has $F$-split Albanese morphism, and that the $F$-split Albanese morphism is an algebraic fiber space. As an application, we provide a new characterization of abelian varieties.
Algebraic parabolic bundles on smooth projective curves over algebraically closed field of positive characteristic is defined. It is shown that the category of algebraic parabolic bundles is equivalent to the category of orbifold bundles defined in \cite{KP}. Tensor, dual, pullback and pushforward operations are also defined for parabolic bundles.
Let $X$ be a quasi-compact and quasi-separated scheme. There are two fundamental and pervasive facts about the unbounded derived category of $X$: (1) $\mathsf{D}_{\mathrm{qc}}(X)$ is compactly generated by perfect complexes and (2) if $X$ is noetherian or has affine diagonal, then the functor $Ψ_X \colon \mathsf{D}(\mathsf{QCoh}(X)) \to \mathsf{D}_{\mathrm{qc}}(X)$ is an equivalence. Our main results are that for algebraic stacks in positive characteristic, the assertions (1) and (2) are typically false.
Let G be a reductive group over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. Let C be a smooth projective curve over k. We give a description of the moduli space of flat G-bundles in terms of the moduli space of G-Higgs bundles over the Frobenius twist C' of C. This description can be regarded as the non-abelian Hodge theory for curves in positive characteristic.
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic $0$ and let $G$ and $H$ be connected commutative algebraic groups over $K$. Let $\text{Mor}_0(G,H)$ denote the set of morphisms of algebraic varieties $G \to H$ that map the neutral element to the neutral element. We construct a natural retraction from $\text{Mor}_0(G,H)$ to $\text{Hom}(G,H)$ (for arbitrary $G$ and $H$) which commutes with the composition and addition of morphisms. In particular, if $G$ and $H$ are isomorphic as algebraic varieties, then they are isomorphic as algebraic groups. If $G$ has no non-trivial unipotent group as a direct factor, w…
We introduce and study a class of algebraic stacks with finite inertia in positive and mixed characteristic, which we call tame algebraic stacks. They include tame Deligne-Mumford stacks, and are arguably better behaved than general Deligne-Mumford stacks. We also give a complete characterization of finite flat linearly reductive schemes over an arbitrary base. Our main result is that tame algebraic stacks are étale locally quotient by actions of linearly reductive finite group schemes. In a subsequent paper we will show that tame algebraic stacks admit a good theory of stable maps.
These are notes for the Bootcamp volume for the 2015 AMS Summer Institute in Algebraic Geometry. They are based on earlier notes for the "Positive Characteristic Algebraic Geometry Workshop" held at University of Illinois at Chicago in March 2014.
Let $\mathcal{X}$ be an ordinary (projective, geometrically irreducible, nonsingular) algebraic curve of genus $\mathcal{g}(\mathcal{X}) \ge 2$ defined over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{K}$ of odd characteristic $p$. Let $Aut(\mathcal{X})$ be the group of all automorphisms of $\mathcal{X}$ which fix $\mathbb{K}$ element-wise. For any solvable subgroup $G$ of $Aut(\mathcal{X})$ we prove that $|G|\leq 34 (\mathcal{g}(\mathcal{X})+1)^{3/2}$. There are known curves attaining this bound up to the constant $34$. For $p$ odd, our result improves the classical Nakajima bound $|G|\leq 84(\mat…
Following an idea of Totaro, we prove that the classical integral cycle class map from algebraic cycles to étale cohomology factors through a quotient of $\ell$-adic étale cobordism over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. This shows that there is a strong topological obstruction for cohomology classes to be algebraic and that examples of Atiyah, Hirzebruch and Totaro also work in positive characteristic.
The Euler characteristic of the link of a real algebraic variety is an interesting topological invariant in order to discuss local topological properties. We prove in the paper that an invariant stronger than the Euler Characteristic is well defined for the link of an algebraic variety: its virtual Poincaré polynomial.
We obtain a version of the theorem of the square and a local structure result for actions of connected algebraic groups on seminormal varieties in characteristic 0, and arbitrary varieties in positive characteristics.
Let $S$ be a $p$-subgroup of the $\K$-automorphism group $\aut(\cX)$ of an algebraic curve $\cX$ of genus $\gg\ge 2$ and $p$-rank $γ$ defined over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{K}$ of characteristic $p\geq 3$.In this paper we prove that if $|S|>2(\gg-1)$ then one of the following cases occurs. \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] $γ=0$ and the extension $\K(\cX)/\K(\cX)^S$ completely ramifies at a unique place, and does not ramify elsewhere. \item[(ii)] $γ>0$, $p=3$, $\cX$ is a general curve, $S$ attains the Nakajima's upper bound $3(γ-1)$ and $\K(\cX)$ is an unramified Galois extension of the …
We compute the geometric part of algebraic cobordism over Dedekind domains of mixed characteristic after inverting the positive residue characteristics and prove cases of a Conjecture of Voevodsky relating this geometric part to the Lazard ring for regular local bases. The method is by analyzing the slice tower of algebraic cobordism, relying on the Hopkins-Morel isomorphism from the quotient of the algebraic cobordism spectrum by the generators of the Lazard ring to the motivic Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum, again after inverting the positive residue characteristics.
Let $k$ be an algebraic closure of finite fields with odd characteristic $p$ and a smooth projective scheme $\mathbf{X}/W(k)$. Let $\mathbf{X}^0$ be its generic fiber and $X$ the closed fiber. For $\mathbf{X}^0$ a curve Faltings conjectured that semistable Higgs bundles of slope zero over $\mathbf{X}^0_{\mathbb{C}_p}$ correspond to genuine representations of the algebraic fundamental group of $\mathbf{X}^0_{\mathbb{C}_p}$ in his $p$-adic Simpson correspondence. This paper intends to study the conjecture in the characteristic $p$ setting. Among other results, we show that isomorphism classes of…
We show that every connected commutative algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 is the Picard variety of some projective variety, obtained by pinching a smooth variety along a finite subscheme. In contrast, no Witt group of dimension at least 3 over a perfect field of prime characteristic is isogenous to the Picard variety obtained by this construction.
For ring of differential operators on smooth affine algebraic variety over perfect field of prime characteristic a set of algebra generators and a set of defining relations are found explicitly.
We study tori attached to the fundamental groups of plane curves with arbitrary singularities. These tori provide complete information about homology of finite abelian covers of the plane branched along the curve. We calculate these tori in terms of certain linear systems determined by the singularities of the curve. In the case of the complements to a union of lines they can be calculated from the lattice of the arrangement and are closely related to the components of the space of Aomoto complexes with prescribed homology.
It is shown that the classification theorems for semisimple algebraic groups in characteristic zero can be derived quite simply and naturally from the corresponding theorems for Lie algebras by using a little of the theory of tensor categories. This article is extracted from Milne 2007.
In the present paper we investigate a new class of infinite-dimensional modules over the hyperalgebra of a semi-simple algebraic group in positive chararacteristic called quasi-Verma modules. We provide a purely algebraic construction of the global Grothendieck-Cousin complex corresponding to the standard line bumdle ${\mathcal L}(λ)$ on the Flag variety of the algebraic group stratified by Schubert cells. We prove that the complex consists of direct sums of quasi-Verma modules for the highest weights of the form $w\cdotλ$ for various elements $w$ of the Weyl group.
We formulate a refined theory of linear systems, using the methods of a previous paper, "A Theory of Branches for Algebraic Curves", and use it to give a geometric interpretation of the genus of an algebraic curve. Using principles of duality, we prove generalisations of Plucker's formulae for algebraic curves. The results hold for arbitrary characteristic of the base field L, with some occasional exceptions when characteristic(L)=2, which we observe in the course of the paper.
In analogy with the Riemann zeta function at positive integers, for each finite field F_p^r with fixed characteristic p we consider Carlitz zeta values zeta_r(n) at positive integers n. Our theorem asserts that among the zeta values in {zeta_r(1), zeta_r(2), zeta_r(3), ... | r = 1, 2, 3, ...}, all the algebraic relations are those algebraic relations within each individual family {zeta_r(1), zeta_r(2), zeta_r(3), ...}. These are the algebraic relations coming from the Euler-Carlitz relations and the Frobenius relations. To prove this, a motivic method for extracting algebraic independence resu…
We show the existence of prime divisors computing minimal log discrepancies in positive characteristic except for a special case. Moreover we prove the lower semicontinuity of minimal log discrepancies for smooth varieties in positive characteristic.
The moduli stacks of Calabi-Yau varieties are known to enjoy several hyperbolicity properties. The best results have so far been proven using sophisticated analytic tools such as complex Hodge theory. Although the situation is very different in positive characteristic (e.g. the moduli stack of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension at least 2 contains rational curves), we explain in this note how one can prove many hyperbolicity results by reduction to positive characteristic, relying ultimately on the nonabelian Hodge theory in positive characteristic developed by Ogus and Volog…
We give explicit blowups of the projective plane in positive characteristic that contain smooth rational curves of arbitrarily negative self-intersection, showing that the Bounded Negativity Conjecture fails even for rational surfaces in positive characteristic.
Updated version. Includes comments on the advances in the field from the Kyoto workshop on Resolution of Singularities in Positive Characteristic, December 2008. The article surveys the theory of kangaroo points as they appear in the resolution of singularities in positive characteristic. They represent one of the main obstructions for transcribing the characteristic zero proof of resolution to positive characteristic. Kangaroo points are classified through the concept of oblique polynomials. The results of the article are used in Hironaka's recent program towards the resolution of singulariti…
We show that a generic vector field on an affine space of positive characteristic admits an invariant algebraic hypersurface. This contrast with Jouanolou's Theorem that shows that in characteristic zero the situation is completely opposite. That is a generic vector field in the complex plane does not admit any invariant algebraic curve.
We devise a new criterion for linear independence over function fields. Using this tool in the setting of dual t-motives, we find that all algebraic relations among special values of the geometric function field Gamma-function are explained by the standard functional equations.
We answer a question of Abhyankar by constructing an algebraic closure of the field of power series over a field of positive characteristic, using "generalized power series". (The corresponding construction in characteristic 0 dates back to Newton.)
This note studies the behavior of Euler characteristics and of intersection homology Euler characterstics under proper morphisms of algebraic (or analytic) varieties. The methods also yield, for algebraic (or analytic) varieties, formulae comparing these two kinds of Euler characteristics. The main results are direct consequences of the calculus of constructible functions and Grothendieck groups of constructible sheaves. Similar formulae for Hodge theoretic invariants of algebraic varieties under morphisms were announced by the first and third authors in \cite{CS1, S}.
In characteristic zero, if a quotient variety has a crepant resolution, the Euler characteristic of the crepant resolution is equal to the number of conjugacy classes of the acting group, by Batyrev's theorem. This is one of the McKay correspondence. It is natural to consider the analogue statement in the positive characteristic. In this paper, we present sequences of crepant resolutions of quotient varieties in the positive characteristic and show that one of the sequences gives a counterexample to the analogue statement of Batyrev's theorem.
In this paper we focus on pairs consisting of the affine $N$-space and multiideals with a positive exponent. We introduce a method "lifting to characteristic 0" which is a kind of the inversion of "modulo p reduction". By making use of it, we prove that Mustata-Nakamura's conjecture and some uniform bound of divisors computing log canonical thresholds descend from characteristic 0 to certain classes of pairs in positive characteristic. We also pose a problem whose affirmative answer gives the descent of the statements to the whole set of pairs in positive characteristic.
In this paper, we establish a basepoint free theorem of Angehrn-Siu type in positive characteristic. Moreover, we also give an effective bound for very ampleness in arbitrary characteristic.
