Luis Dieulefait
In this letter we show that for certain infinite families of modular forms of growing level it is possible to have a control result for the exceptional primes of the attached Galois representations. As an application, a uniform version of a result of Wiese on Galois realizations of linear groups over finite fields of arbitrarily large exponent is proved.
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For many finite groups, the Inverse Galois Problem can be approached through modular/automorphic Galois representations. This is a report explaining the basic strategy, ideas and methods behind some recent results. It focusses mostly on the 2-dimensional case and underlines in particular the importance of understanding coefficient fields.
In this paper, we propose an improved algorithm for computing mod $\ell$ Galois representations associated to eigenforms of arbitrary levels prime to $\ell$. Precisely, we present a method to find the Jacobians of modular curves which have the smallest possible dimensions in a well-defined sense to realize the modular Galois representations. This algorithm also works without the assumption $\ell \ge k-1$, where $k$ are the weights of the eigenforms.
We prove the indecomposability of Galois representation restricted to the p-decomposition group attached to a non CM nearly p-ordinary weight two Hilbert modular form under mild conditions.
We prove the existence of Euler systems for adjoint modular Galois representations using deformations of Galois representations coming from Hilbert modular forms and relate them to $p$-adic $L$-functions under a conjectural formula for the Fitting ideals of some equivariant congruence modules for abelian base change.
For each of the groups PSL2(F25), PSL2(F32), PSL2(F49), PGL2(F25), and PGL2(F27), we display the first explicitly known polynomials over Q having that group as Galois group. Each polynomial is related to a Galois representation associated to a modular form. We indicate how computations with modular Galois representations were used to obtain these polynomials. For each polynomial, we also indicate how to use Serre's conjectures to determine the modular form giving rise to the related Galois representation.
We introduce Galois families of modular forms. They are a new kind of family coming from Galois representations of the absolute Galois groups of rational function fields over the rational field. We exhibit some examples and provide an infinite Galois family of non-liftable weight one Katz modular eigenforms over an algebraic closure of F_p for p in {3,5,7,11}.
We give a direct approach to recover some of the results of Wiles and Tayor on modularity of certain 2-dimensional p-adic representations of the absolute Galois group of Q.
In this work we provide a level raising theorem for $\mod λ^n$ modular Galois representations. It allows one to see such a Galois representation that is modular of level $N$, weight 2 and trivial Nebentypus as one that is modular of level $Np$, for a prime $p$ coprime to $N$, when a certain local condition at $p$ is satisfied. It is a generalization of a result of Ribet concerning $\mod \ell$ Galois representations.
We establish a relation between Galois reducibility and Endoscopy for genus 2 Siegel cusp forms which have rational eigenvalues and are unramified at 3
We show that an infinite family of odd complex 2-dimensional Galois representations ramified at 5 having nonsolvable projective image are modular, thereby verifying Artin's conjecture for a new case of examples. Such a family contains the original example studied by Buhler. In the process, we prove that an infinite family of residually modular Galois representations are modular by studying $Λ$-adic Hecke algebras.
We construct plane models of the modular curve $X_H(\ell)$, and use their explicit equations to compute Galois representations associated to modular forms for values of $\ell$ that are significantly higher than in prior works.
We show that the image of the adelic Galois representation attached to a non-CM modular form is open in the adelic points of a suitable algebraic group. We also show a similar result for the adelic Galois representation attached to a finite set of modular forms.
We address the problem of the determination of the images of three-dimensional geometric and modular Galois representations. In the modular case the existence of these representations is only conjectural. We give conditions to ensure that the images are as large as possible for almost every prime. We compute some examples and stress the applications to inverse Galois theory.
This article starts a computational study of congruences of modular forms and modular Galois representations modulo prime powers. Algorithms are described that compute the maximum integer modulo which two monic coprime integral polynomials have a root in common in a sense that is defined. These techniques are applied to the study of congruences of modular forms and modular Galois representations modulo prime powers. Finally, some computational results with implications on the (non-)liftability of modular forms modulo prime powers and possible generalisations of level raising are presented.
This article computes the Galois groups of congruence covers arising in the context of certain hyperbolic triangle groups. As a consequence of this computation, the genera of the respective curves are deduced.
Hilbert modular forms and Galois representations
本文简要介绍了Hilbert模形式与Galois表示理论，并阐明了将Galois表示的相容系统附加到Hilbert模形式上的具体含义。
In this article, I discuss material which is related to the recent proof of Fermat's Last Theorem: elliptic curves, modular forms, Galois representations and their deformations, Frey's construction, and the conjectures of Serre and of Taniyama--Shimura.
We formulate a question regarding uniform versions of "large Galois image properties" for modular abelian varieties of higher dimension, generalizing the well-known case of elliptic curves. We then answer our question affirmatively in the exceptional image case, and provide lower estimates for uniform bounds in the remaining cases.
In this paper we describe an algorithm for computing mod $\ell$ Galois representations associated to modular forms of weight $k$ when $\ell <k-1$. As applications, we use this algorithm to explicitly compute the cases with $Δ_{k}$ for $k=16,20, 22, 26$ and all the unexceptional primes $\ell$ with $\ell <k-1$.
We prove new cases of the inverse Galois problem by considering the residual Galois representations arising from a fixed newform. Specific choices of weight $3$ newforms will show that there are Galois extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ with Galois group $PSL_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$ for all primes $p$ and $PSL_2(\mathbb{F}_{p^3})$ for all odd primes $p \equiv \pm 2, \pm 3, \pm 4, \pm 6 \pmod{13}$.
In this article new cases of the Inverse Galois Problem are established. The main result is that for a fixed integer n, there is a positive density set of primes p such that PSL_2(F_{p^n}) occurs as the Galois group of some finite extension of the rational numbers. These groups are obtained as projective images of residual modular Galois representations. Moreover, families of modular forms are constructed such that the images of all their residual Galois representations are as large as a priori possible. Both results essentially use Khare's and Wintenberger's notion of good-dihedral primes. Pa…
Let $F$ be a totally real number field and let $p$ be a prime unramified in $F$. We prove the existence of Galois pseudo-representations attached to mod $p^m$ Hecke eigenclasses of paritious weight occurring in the coherent cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties for $F$ of level prime to $p$.
Irreducibility of Newton strata in Picard modular surfaces and split local Galois representations
本文通过计算分歧素数处Picard模曲面特殊纤维中非寻常Newton层闭包的单值群与不可约性，证明Picard模形式的伴随形式存在性等价于其关联局部Galois表示的分歧性质。
This article surveys modularity, level raising and level lowering questions for two-dimensional representations modulo prime powers of the absolute Galois group of the rational numbers. It contributes some new results and describes algorithms and a database of modular forms orbits and higher congruences.
In this paper we explicitly compute mod-l Galois representations associated to modular forms. To be precise, we look at cases with l<=23 and the modular forms considered will be cusp forms of level 1 and weight up to 22. We present the result in terms of polynomials associated to the projectivised representations. As an application, we will improve a known result on Lehmer's non-vanishing conjecture for Ramanujan's tau function.
This paper gives an expository account of our experiments concerning relations between modular forms for congruence subgroups of SL(3,Z) and three dimensional Galois representations. The main new result presented here is a calculation of the variations of the Hodge structure corresponding to the motives we consider in realizing the Galois representations. It turns out that the period spaces for the Hodge structures are four dimensional, while the geometric realizations of such Hodge structures can appear in subspaces of dimension at most one.
We show how our p-adic method to compute Galois representations occurring in the torsion of Jacobians of algebraic curves can be adapted to modular curves. The main ingredient is the use of "moduli-friendly" Eisenstein series introduced by Makdisi, which allow us to evaluate modular forms at p-adic of modular curves points and dispenses us of the need for equations of modular curves and for q-expansion computations. The resulting algorithm compares very favourably to the complex-analytic method.
We calculate an explicit lower bound on the proportion of elliptic curves that are modular over any Galois CM field not containing $ζ_5$. Applied to imaginary quadratic fields, this proportion is at least $2/5$. Applied to cyclotomic fields $\mathbb{Q}(ζ_n)$ with $5\nmid n$, this proportion is at least $1-\varepsilon$ with only finitely many exceptions of $n$, for any choice of $\varepsilon > 0$.
Reductions of modular Galois representations of Slope (2,3)
本文基于Bhattacharya-Ghate的工作，计算了p-adic数绝对Galois群的二维结晶表示在斜率(2,3)及任意权重下模p约化的半简化。
We investigate specializations of infinite families of regular Galois extensions over number fields. The problem to what extent the local behaviour of specializations of one single regular Galois extension can be prescribed has been investigated by Dèbes and Ghazi in the unramified case, and by Legrand, Neftin and the author in general. Here, we generalize these results and give a partial solution to Grunwald problems using Galois extensions arising as specializations of a family of regular Galois extensions.
A simplified algorithmic realization of Galois actions on special values of modular functions
本研究基于扩展形式类群理论，提出一种显式实用的算法，用于计算虚二次序相关CM点处模函数特殊值的Galois共轭元与不可约多项式，改进了Stevenhagen和Cho的早期方法。
We study modular Galois representations mod $p^m$. We show that there are three progressively weaker notions of modularity for a Galois representation mod $p^m$: we have named these `strongly', `weakly', and `dc-weakly' modular. Here, `dc' stands for `divided congruence' in the sense of Katz and Hida. These notions of modularity are relative to a fixed level $M$. Using results of Hida we display a `stripping-of-powers of $p$ away from the level' type of result: A mod $p^m$ strongly modular representation of some level $Np^r$ is always dc-weakly modular of level $N$ (here, $N$ is a natural numb…
In this paper, we consider Galois representations of the absolute Galois group $\text{Gal}(\overline {\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q)$ attached to modular forms for noncongruence subgroups of $\text{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)$. When the underlying modular curves have a model over $\mathbb Q$, these representations are constructed by Scholl and are referred to as Scholl representations, which form a large class of motivic Galois representations. In particular, by a result of Belyi, Scholl representations include the Galois actions on the Jacobian varieties of algebraic curves defined over $\mathbb Q$. As Scholl re…
We address the problem of the determination of the images of the Galois representations attached to genus 2 Siegel cusp forms of level 1 having multiplicity one. These representations are symplectic. We prove that the images are as large as possible for almost every prime, if the Siegel cusp form is not a Maass spezialform and verifies two easy to check conditions.
In this paper we discuss applications of our earlier work in studying certain Galois groups and splitting fields of rational functions in $\mathbb Q\left(X_0(N)\right)$ using Hilbert's irreducibility theorem and modular forms. We also consider computational aspect of the problem using MAGMA and SAGE.
This paper continues the study of certain two-dimensional Galois representations attached to modular forms (mod p) via a construction due to Deligne. In particular, we prove a criterion for determining when the representation is split when restricted to a decomposition group at p.While this problem was already well understood for "nonexceptional" modular forms, here we specifically address the "exceptional" case. Although the problem is not solved in all generality, it is reasonable to hope that this proof will in fact provide the framework of a proof in the more general case.
In 2002, M. A. Tsfasman and S. G. Vlăduţ formulated the generalized Brauer-Siegel conjecture for asymptotically exact families of number fields. In this article, we establish this conjecture for asymptotically good towers and asymptotically bad families of number fields with solvable normal closure.
In this paper, we call strongly modular those reducible semi-simple odd mod $l$ Galois representations for which the conclusion of the strongest form of Serre's original modularity conjecture holds. Under the assumption that the Serre weight $k$ satisfies $l\textgreater{}k+1$, we give a precise characterization of strongly modular representations, hence generalizing a classical theorem of Ribet pertaining to the case of conductor $1$.When the representation $ρ$ is not strongly modular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the primes $p$ not dividing $Nl$ for which it arises in level…
The article is withdrawn. Its content is contained in the final version of arXiv:0805.1634.
We propose an approach for the computation of multi-parameter families of Galois extensions with prescribed ramification type. More precisely, we combine existing deformation and interpolation techniques with recently developed strong tools for the computation of $3$-point covers. To demonstrate the applicability of our method in relatively large degrees, we compute several families of polynomials with symplectic Galois groups, in particular obtaining the first totally real polynomials with Galois group PSp(6,2).
We study compatible families of four-dimensional Galois representations constructed in the étale cohomology of a smooth projective variety. We prove a theorem asserting that the images will be generically large if certain conditions are satisfied. We only consider representations with coefficients in an imaginary quadratic field. We apply our result to an example constructed by Jasper Scholten, obtaining a family of linear groups and one of unitary groups as Galois groups over $\mathbb{Q}$.
In a previous article, the second author proved that the image of the Galois representation mod $λ$ attached to a Hilbert modular newform is large or all but finitely many primes $λ$, if the form is not a theta series. In this brief note, we give an explicit bound for this exceptional finite set of primes and determine the images in three different examples. Our examples are of Hilbert newforms on real quadratic fields, of parallel or non-parallel weight and of different levels.
We formulate a notion of purity for $p$-adic big Galois representations and pseudorepresentations of Weil groups of $\ell$-adic number fields for $\ell\neq p$. This is obtained by showing that all powers of the monodromy of any big Galois representation stay "as large as possible" under pure specializations. The role of purity for families in the study of the variation of local Euler factors, local automorphic types along irreducible components, the intersection points of irreducible components of $p$-adic families of automorphic Galois representations is illustrated using the examples of Hida…
Building on ideas of Vatsal, Cornut proved a conjecture of Mazur asserting the generic nonvanishing of Heegner points on an elliptic curve E as one ascends the anticyclotomic Z_p-extension of a quadratic imaginary extension K/Q. In the present article Cornut's result is extended by replacing the elliptic curve E with the Galois cohomology of Deligne's 2-dimensional l-adic representation attached to a modular form of weight 2k>2, and replacing the family of Heegner points with an analogous family of special cohomology classes.
We prove the following uniformity principle: if one of the Galois representations in the family attached to a genus two Siegel cusp form of weight $k>3$, "semistable" and with multiplicity one, is reducible (for an odd prime $p$),then all the representations in the family are reducible. This, combined with Serre's conjecture (which is now a theorem) gives a proof of the Endoscopy Conjecture.
Modularity of certain mod $p^n$ Galois representations
本文针对满足奇且绝对不可约剩余表示的二维模 $p^n$ 伽罗瓦表示，在合适假设下通过形变理论构造特征0提升，结合模性提升结果证明其模性，并给出非分歧情形下对应模形式权的应用。
$λ$-invariant stability in families of modular Galois representations
本文从定量角度研究权为 2 的模形式族中 Iwasawa $λ$-不变量的变化，提供了 $λ$-不变量增长或保持稳定的频率下界。
The ghost conjecture, formulated by this article's authors, predicts the list of p-adic valuations of the non-zero p-th eigenvalues ("slopes") for overconvergent p-adic modular eigenforms in terms of the Newton polygon of an easy-to-describe power series (the "ghost series"). The prediction is restricted to eigenforms whose Galois representation modulo p is reducible on a decomposition group at p. It has been discovered, however, that the conjecture is not formulated correctly. Here we explain the issue and propose a salvage.
Let $p$ be a prime, and let $K$ be a finite extension of $\mathbf{Q}_p$, with absolute Galois group $\cal{G}_K$. Let $π$ be a uniformizer of $K$ and let $K_\infty$ be the Kummer extension obtained by adjoining to $K$ a system of compatible $p^n$-th roots of $π$, for all $n$, and let $L$ be the Galois closure of $K_\infty$. Using these extensions, Caruso has constructed étale $(φ,τ)$-modules, which classify $p$-adic Galois representations of $K$. In this paper, we use locally analytic vectors and theories of families of $φ$-modules over Robba rings to prove the overconvergence of $(φ,τ)$-module…
The global deformation theory of residually reducible Galois representations with fixed auxiliary conditions is studied. We show that $\barρ:\operatorname{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\rightarrow \operatorname{GL}_2(\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p)$ lifts to a Hida line for which the weights range over a congruence class modulo-$p^2$. The advantage of the purely Galois theoretic approach is that it allows us to construct $p$-adic families of Galois representations lifting the actual representation $\barρ$, and not just the semisimplification.
We give a parametrization of the possible Serre invariants $(N,k,ν)$ of modular mod $\ell$ Galois representations of the exceptional types $A_4$, $S_4$, $A_5$, in terms of local data attached to the fields cut out by the associated projective representations. We show how this result combined with certain global considerations leads to an effective procedure that will determine for a given eigenform $f$ and prime $\ell$ whether a mod $\ell$ representation attached to $f$ is exceptional. We illustrate with numerical examples.
Semi-galois Categories IV: A deformed reciprocity law for Siegel modular functions
本文将虚二次域上代数Witt向量的模性定理扩展至CM域，从Siegel模函数变形族特殊值构造代数Witt向量，并给出其伽罗瓦理论刻画以例证一般伽罗瓦对应结果。
The main result of this article states that the Galois representation attached to a Hilbert modular eigenform defined over F_p^bar of parallel weight 1 and level prime to p is unramified above p. This includes the important case of eigenforms that do not lift to Hilbert modular forms in characteristic 0 of parallel weight 1. The proof is based on the observation that parallel weight 1 forms in characteristic p embed into the ordinary part of parallel weight p forms in two different ways per prime dividing p, namely via `partial' Frobenius operators.
Let $p$ be a prime number and $F$ a totally real number field. For each prime $\mathfrak{p}$ of $F$ above $p$ we construct a Hecke operator $T_\mathfrak{p}$ acting on $(\mathrm{mod}\, p^m)$ Katz Hilbert modular classes which agrees with the classical Hecke operator at $\mathfrak{p}$ for global sections that lift to characteristic zero. Using these operators and the techniques of patching complexes of F. Calegari and D. Geraghty we prove that the Galois representations arising from torsion Hilbert modular classes of parallel weight ${\bf 1}$ are unramified at $p$ when $[F:\mathbb Q]=2$. Some pa…
In this paper, we discuss the variation of the numbers of the isomorphic classes of stable lattices when the weight and the level varies in a Hida deformation by using the Kubota-Leopoldt $p$-adic $L$-function. As a corollary, we give a sufficient condition for the numbers of the isomorphic classes of stable lattices in Hida deformation to be infinite.
We consider the Galois representation associated with a finite slope $p$-adic family of modular forms. We prove that the Lie algebra of its image contains a congruence Lie subalgebra of a non-trivial level. We describe the largest such level in terms of the congruences of the family with $p$-adic CM forms.
Let $ρ$ be a mod $\ell$ Galois representation attached to a newform $f$. Explicit methods are sometimes able to determine the image of $ρ$, or even the number field cut out by $ρ$, provided that $\ell$ and the level $N$ of $f$ are small enough; however these methods are not amenable to the case where $\ell$ or $N$ are large. The purpose of this short note is to establish a sufficient condition for the image of $ρ$ to be large and which remains easy to test for moderately large $\ell$ and $N$.
Let $π$ be a cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{GSp}_4(\mathbf{A_Q})$, whose archimedean component is a holomorphic discrete series or limit of discrete series representation. If $π$ is not CAP or endoscopic, then we show that its associated $\ell$-adic Galois representations are irreducible and crystalline for $100\%$ of primes $\ell$. If, moreover, $π$ is neither an automorphic induction nor a symmetric cube lift, then we show that, for $100\%$ of primes $\ell$, the image of its mod $\ell$ Galois representation contains $\mathrm{Sp}_4(\mathbf{F}_{\ell})$.
The present notes are the expanded and polished version of three lectures given in Stanford, concerning the analytic and arithmetic properties of weight one modular forms. The author tried to write them in a style accessible to non-analytically oriented number theoritists: in particular, some effort is made to be precise on statements involving uniformity in the parameters. On the other hand, another purpose was to provide an introduction, together with a set of references, consciously kept small, to the realm of Galois representations, for non-algebraists -- like the author. The proofs are sk…
In a previous article, we have proved a result asserting the existence of a compatible family of Galois representations containing a given crystalline irreducible odd two-dimensional representation. We apply this result to establish new cases of the Fontaine-Mazur conjecture, namely, an irreducible Barsotti-Tate $λ$-adic 2-dimensional Galois representation unramified at 3 and such that the traces $a_p$ of the images of Frobenii verify $\Q(\{a_p^2 \}) = \Q $ always comes from an abelian variety. We also show the non-existence of irreducible Barsotti-Tate 2-dimensional Galois representations of …
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