This work is devoted to the study of two-scale gradient Young measures naturally arising in nonlinear elasticity homogenization problems. Precisely, a characterization of this class of measures is derived and an integral representation formula for homogenized energies, whose integrands satisfy very weak regularity assumptions, is obtained in terms of two-scale gradient Young measures.
A variational model in the context of the gradient theory for fluid-fluid phase transitions with small scale heterogeneities is studied. In particular, the case where the scale $\varepsilon$ of the small homogeneities is of the same order of the scale governing the phase transition is considered. The interaction between homogenization and the phase transitions process will lead, in the limit as $\varepsilon\to0$, to an anisotropic interfacial energy.
We continue the program initiated in a previous work, of applying integro-differential methods to Neumann Homogenization problems. We target the case of linear periodic equations with a singular drift, which includes (with some regularity assumptions) divergence equations with \emph{non-co-normal} oscillatory Neumann conditions. Our analysis focuses on an induced integro-differential homogenization problem on the boundary of the domain. Also, we use homogenization results for regular Dirichlet problems to build barriers for the oscillatory Neumann problem with the singular gradient term. We no…
In this paper we present a stochastic homogenization result for a class of Hilbert space evolutionary gradient systems driven by a quadratic dissipation potential and a $Λ$-convex energy functional featuring random and rapidly oscillating coefficients. Specific examples included in the result are Allen-Cahn type equations and evolutionary equations driven by the $p$-Laplace operator with $p\in (1,\infty)$. The homogenization procedure we apply is based on a stochastic two-scale convergence approach. In particular, we define a stochastic unfolding operator which can be considered as a random co…
This paper deals with the periodic homogenization of nonlocal parabolic Hamilton-Jacobi equations with superlinear growth in the gradient terms. We show that the problem presents different features depending on the order of the nonlocal operator, giving rise to three different limit problems. To prove the locally uniform convergence to the unique solution of the Cauchy problem for the effective equation we need a new comparison principle among viscosity semi-solutions of integro-differential equations that can be of independent interest.
In this work we study the homogenization for infinitesimal dislocation based gradient viscoplasticity with linear kinematic hardening and general non-associative monotone plastic flows. The constitutive equations in the models we study are assumed to be only of monotone type. Based on the generalized version of Korn's inequality for incompatible tensor fields (the non-symmetric plastic distortion) due to Neff/Pauly/Witsch, we derive uniform estimates for the solutions of quasistatic initial-boundary value problems under consideration and then using an unfolding operator technique and a monoton…
A periodic homogenization result of nonconvex integral functionals in the vectorial case with convex bounded constraints on gradients is proved. The class of integrands considered have singular behavior near the boundary of the convex set of the constraints. We apply the result to the case of periodic homogenization in hyperelasticity for bounded gradients of deformations.
We consider the generalized almost periodic homogenization problem for two different types of stochastic conservation laws with oscillatory coefficients and multiplicative noise. In both cases the stochastic perturbations are such that the equation admits special stochastic solutions which play the role of the steady-state solutions in the deterministic case. Specially in the second type, these stochastic solutions are crucial elements in the homogenization analysis. Our homogenization method is based on the notion of stochastic two-scale Young measure, whose existence is established here.
This article is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior of the zero-energy deformations set of a periodic nonlinear composite material. We approach the problem using two-scale Young measures. We apply our analysis to show that polyconvex energies are not closed with respect to periodic homogenization. The counterexample is obtained through a rank-one laminated structure assembled by mixing two polyconvex functions with $p$-growth, where $p\geq2$ can be fixed arbitrarily.
In the homogenization of monotone parabolic partial differential equations with oscillations in both the space and time variables the gradients converges only weakly in $L^p$. In the present paper we construct a family of correctors, such that, up to a remainder which converges to zero strongly in $L^p$, we obtain strong convergence of the gradients in $L^p$.
This paper generalizes the results obtained by the authors in \cite{dangHomogenizationNondiluteSuspension2021} concerning the homogenization of a non-dilute suspension of magnetic particles in a viscous flow. More specifically, in this paper, a restrictive assumption on the coefficients of the coupled equation, made in \cite{dangHomogenizationNondiluteSuspension2021}, that significantly narrowed the applicability of the homogenization results obtained, is relaxed and a new regularity of the solution of the fine-scale problem is proven. In particular, we obtain a global $L^{\infty}$-bound for t…
This article is devoted to obtain the $Γ$-limit, as $ε$ tends to zero, of the family of functionals $$F_ε(u)=\int_Ωf\Bigl(x,\frac{x}ε,..., \frac{x}{ε^n},\nabla u(x)\Bigr)dx$$, where $f=f(x,y^1,...,y^n,z)$ is periodic in $y^1,...,y^n$, convex in $z$ and satisfies a very weak regularity assumption with respect to $x,y^1,...,y^n$. We approach the problem using the multiscale Young measures.
This paper is devoted to the study of uniform $W^{1,\frac{np}{n-p}}$- and $W^{2,p}$-estimates for viscosity solutions to fully nonlinear, uniformly elliptic, periodic homogenization problems, up to boundaries, subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. We characterize the size of "effective" Hessian and gradient of viscosity solutions to homogenization problems, and prove its uniform integrability without any regularity assumption on the governing functionals. Our estimates are new even for the standard problems. Our analysis applies to a large class of non-convex functionals.
$C^α$ and $W^{1,\infty}$ estimates for the first-order and second-order correctors in the homogenization are presented based on the translation invariant and Li-Vogelius's gradient estimate for the second order linear elliptic equation with piecewise smooth coefficients. If the data are smooth enough, the error of the first-order expansion for piecewise smooth coefficients is locally $O(ε)$ in the Hölder norm; it is locally $O(ε)$ in $W^{1,\infty}$ when coefficients are Lipschitz continuous. It can be partly extended to the nonlinear parabolic equation.
A multi-scale characterization of the field concentrations inside composite and polycrystalline media is developed. The analysis focuses on gradient fields associated with the intensive quantities given by the temperature and the electric potential. In the linear regime these quantities are modeled by the solution of a second order elliptic partial differential equation with oscillatory coefficients. Field concentrations are measured using the $L^p$ norm of the gradient of the solution for p>2. The analysis focuses on the case when the length scale of the heterogeneities are small relative to …
We examine the composition of the $L^{\infty}$ norm with weakly convergent sequences of gradient fields associated with the homogenization of second order divergence form partial differential equations with measurable coefficients. Here the sequences of coefficients are chosen to model heterogeneous media and are piecewise constant and highly oscillatory. We identify local representation formulas that in the fine phase limit provide upper bounds on the limit superior of the $L^{\infty}$ norms of gradient fields. The local representation formulas are expressed in terms of the weak limit of the …
Extension operators and Korn inequality for variable coefficients in perforated domains with applications to homogenization of viscoelastic non-simple materials
In this paper, we study high order correctors in stochastic homogenization. We consider elliptic equations in divergence form on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, with the random coefficients constructed from i.i.d. random variables. We prove moment bounds on the high order correctors and their gradients under dimensional constraints. It implies the existence of stationary correctors and stationary gradients in high dimensions. As an application, we prove a two-scale expansion of the solutions to the random PDE, which identifies the first and higher order random fluctuations in a strong sense.
We analyze the asymptotic behavior of a multiscale problem given by a sequence of integral functionals subject to differential constraints conveyed by a constant-rank operator with two characteristic length scales, namely the film thickness and the period of oscillating microstructures, by means of $Γ$-convergence. On a technical level, this requires a subtile merging of homogenization tools, such as multiscale convergence methods, with dimension reduction techniques for functionals subject to differential constraints. One observes that the results depend critically on the relative magnitude b…
Homogenization is studied for a nonlinear elliptic boundary-value problem with a large nonlinear potential. More specifically we are interested in the asymptotic behavior of a sequence of p-Laplacians of the form $$ -\text{div}(a(\frac{x}{\varepsilon})|Du_\varepsilon|^{p-2}Du_\varepsilon) +\frac{1}{\varepsilon}V(\frac{x}{\varepsilon})|u_\varepsilon|^{p-2}u_\varepsilon=f. $$ It is shown that, under a centring condition on the potential $V$, there exists a two-scale homogenized system with solution $(u, u_1)$ such that the sequence $u_\varepsilon$ of solutions converges weakly to $u$ in $W^{1,p}…
Fix strictly increasing right continuous functions with left limits $W_i:\bb R \to \bb R$, $i=1,...,d$, and let $W(x) = \sum_{i=1}^d W_i(x_i)$ for $x\in\bb R^d$. We construct the $W$-Sobolev spaces, which consist of functions $f$ having weak generalized gradients $\nabla_W f = (\partial_{W_1} f,...,\partial_{W_d} f)$. Several properties, that are analogous to classical results on Sobolev spaces, are obtained. $W$-generalized elliptic and parabolic equations are also established, along with results on existence and uniqueness of weak solutions of such equations. Homogenization results of suitab…
We propose an abstract framework for the homogenization of random functionals which may contain non-convex terms, based on a two-scale $Γ$-convergence approach and a definition of Young measures on micropatterns which encodes the profiles of the oscillating functions and of functionals. Our abstract result is a lower bound for such energies in terms of a cell problem (on large expanding cells) and the $Γ$-limits of the functionals at the microscale. We show that our method allows to retrieve the results of Dal Maso and Modica in the well-known case of the stochastic homogenization of convex La…
We consider the corrector equation associated, in homogenization theory , to a linear second-order elliptic equation in divergence form --$\partial$i(aij$\partial$ju) = f , when the diffusion coefficient is a locally perturbed periodic coefficient. The question under study is the existence (and uniqueness) of the corrector, strictly sublinear at infinity, with gradient in L r if the local perturbation is itself L r , r < +$\infty$. The present work follows up on our works [7, 8, 9], providing an alternative, more general and versatile approach , based on an a priori estimate, for this well-pos…
Given a function $f\in C(\mathbb{R}^d)$ of linear growth, we give a new way of representing accumulation points of \begin{equation} \int_Ωf(v_i(z))dμ(z), \end{equation} where $μ\in \mathcal{M}^+(Ω)$, and $(v_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}}\subset L^1(Ω,μ)$ is norm bounded. We call such representations "generalised Young Measures". With the help of the new representations, we then characterise these limits when they are generated by gradients, i.e. when $v_i = Du_i$ for $u_i\in W^{1,1}(Ω,\mathbb{R}^m)$, via a set of integral inequalities.
In this contribution, we completely and explicitly characterize Young measures generated by gradients of quasiconformal maps in the plane. By doing so, we generalize the results of Astala and Faraco \cite{AstalaFaraco} who provided a similar result for quasiregular maps and Benešová and Kružík \cite{bbmk2013} who characterized Young measures generated by gradients of bi-Lipschitz maps. Our results are motivated by non-linear elasticity where injectivity of the functions in the generating sequence is essential in order to assure non-interpenetration of matter.
We characterize Young measures generated by gradients of bi-Lipschitz orientation-preserving maps in the plane. This question is motivated by variational problems in nonlinear elasticity where the orientation preservation and injectivity of the admissible deformations are key requirements. These results enable us to derive new weak$^*$ lower semicontinuity results for integral functionals depending on gradients. As an application, we show the existence of a minimizer for an integral functional with nonpolyconvex energy density among bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms.
This investigation develops basic methods for the multi-scale analysis for problems in thin porous layers. More precisely, we provide tools for the homogenization in case of "tangentially" periodic structures and dimensional reduction letting the layer thickness tend to zero proportional to the scale parameter $ε$. A crucial point is the identification of scale limits of functions $v_ε$ in subsets of function spaces characterized by uniform a priori estimates with respect to $ε$, arising for solutions of differential equations in heterogeneous media with thin layers, e.g., of a Navier-Stokes s…
This work establishes a characterization theorem for (generalized) Young measures generated by symmetric derivatives of functions of bounded deformation (BD) in the spirit of the classical Kinderlehrer-Pedregal theorem. Our result places such Young measures in duality with symmetric-quasiconvex functions with linear growth. The "local" proof strategy combines blow-up arguments with the singular structure theorem in BD (the analogue of Alberti's rank-one theorem in BV), which was recently proved by the authors. As an application of our characterization theorem we show how an atomic part in a BD…
Energy functionals describing phase transitions in crystalline solids are often non-quasiconvex and minimizers might therefore not exist. On the other hand, there might be infinitely many gradient Young measures, modelling microstructures, generated by minimizing sequences, and it is an open problem how to select the physical ones. In this work we consider the problem of selecting minimizing sequences for a one-dimensional three-well problem $\mathcal{E}$. We introduce a regularization $\mathcal{E}^\varepsilon$ of $\mathcal{E}$ with an $\varepsilon$-small penalization of the second derivatives…
We completely characterize generalized Young measures generated by sequences of gradients of maps from $W^{1,1}(Ω;\R^M)$ where $Ω\subset\R^N$. This extends and completes previous analysis by Kristensen and Rindler where concentrations of the sequence of gradients at the boundary of $Ω$ were excluded. We apply our results to relaxation of non-quasiconvex variational problems with linear growth at infinity. We also link our characterization to Souček spaces \cite{soucek}, an extension of $W^{1,1}(Ω;\R^M)$ where gradients are considered as measures on $\barΩ$.
In this paper a new div-curl result is established in an open set $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^N$, $N\geq 2$, for the product of two sequences of vector-valued functions which are bounded respectively in $L^p(Ω)^N$ and $L^q(Ω)^N$, with ${1/p}+{1/q}=1+{1/(N-1)}$, and whose respectively divergence and curl are compact in suitable spaces. We also assume that the product converges weakly in $W^{-1,1}(Ω)$. The key ingredient of the proof is a compactness result for bounded sequences in $W^{1,q}(Ω)$, based on the imbedding of $W^{1,q}(S\_{N-1})$ into $L^{p'}(S\_{N-1})$ ($S\_{N-1}$ the unit sphere of $\mathbb{…
Second-order two-scale expansions, a unified proof for the regularity of the correctors based on the translation invariant and a lemma for extracting $O(ε)$ from the remainder term are presented for the second order nonlinear elliptic equation with rapidly oscillating coefficients. If the data are smooth enough, the error of the zero-order (or energy) in $L^\infty$, first-order in the Hölder norm, (linear periodic case)second-order's(even first-order's) gradient (or flux) in the maximum norm,are locally $O(ε)$. It can be used in the parabolic equation.
We study the existence of uniformly bounded extension and trace operators for W^{1,p}-functions on randomly perforated domains, where the geometry is assumed to be stationary ergodic. Such extension and trace operators are important for compactness in stochastic homogenization. In contrast to former approaches and results, we use very weak assumptions on the geometry which we call local (δ,M)-regularity, isotropic cone mixing and bounded average connectivity. The first concept measures local Lipschitz regularity of the domain while the second measures the mesoscopic distribution of void space.…
Motivated by variational problems in nonlinear elasticity depending on the deformation gradient and its inverse, we completely and explicitly describe Young measures generated by matrix-valued mappings $\{Y_k\}_{k\in\N} \subset L^p(Ø;\R^{n\times n})$, $Ø\subset\R^n$, such that $\{Y_k^{-1}\}_{k\in\N} \subset L^p(Ø;\R^{n\times n})$ is bounded, too. Moreover, the constraint $\det Y_k>0$ can be easily included and is reflected in a condition on the support of the measure. This condition typically occurs in problems of nonlinear-elasticity theory for hyperelastic materials if $Y:=\nabla y$ for $y\i…
