Shellable complexes and topology of diagonal arrangements

Decompositions of Augmented Bergman Complexes

We study the augmented Bergman complex of a closure operator on a finite set, which interpolates between the order complex of proper flats and the independence complex of the operator. In 2020, Braden, Huh, Matherne, Proudfoot, and Wang showed that augmented Bergman complexes of matroids are always gallery-connected, and recently Bullock, Kelley, Reiner, Ren, Shemy, Shen, Sun, Tao, and Zhang strengthened "gallery-connected" to "shellable" by providing two classes of shelling orders: "flag-to-basis" shellings and "basis-to-flag" shellings. We show that augmented Bergman complexes of matroids ar…

$k$-shellable simplicial complexes and graphs

In this paper we show that a $k$-shellable simplicial complex is the expansion of a shellable complex. We prove that the face ring of a pure $k$-shellable simplicial complex satisfies the Stanley conjecture. In this way, by applying expansion functor to the face ring of a given pure shellable complex, we construct a large class of rings satisfying the Stanley conjecture. Also, by presenting some characterizations of $k$-shellable graphs, we extend some results due to Castrillón-Cruz, Cruz-Estrada and Van Tuyl-Villareal.

Subdivisions of Shellable Complexes

In geometric, algebraic, and topological combinatorics, the unimodality of combinatorial generating polynomials is frequently studied. Unimodality follows when the polynomial is (real) stable, a property often deduced via the theory of interlacing polynomials. Many of the open questions on stability and unimodality of polynomials pertain to the enumeration of faces of cell complexes. In this paper, we relate the theory of interlacing polynomials to the shellability of cell complexes. We first derive a sufficient condition for stability of the $h$-polynomial of a subdivision of a shellable comp…

Non-ridge-chordal complexes whose clique complex has shellable Alexander dual

A recent conjecture that appeared in three papers by Bigdeli--Faridi, Dochtermann, and Nikseresht, is that every simplicial complex whose clique complex has shellable Alexander dual, is ridge-chordal. This strengthens the long-standing Simon's conjecture that the $k$-skeleton of the simplex is extendably shellable, for any $k$. We show that the stronger conjecture has a negative answer, by exhibiting an infinite family of counterexamples.

Cohen-Macaulay 独立复形不可壳化或不可顶点分解的最小例子

Minimal examples of Cohen-Macaulay independence complexes that fail to be shellable or vertex decomposable

通过对 11 个顶点上所有连通图的穷举普查，找到了独立复形为 Cohen-Macaulay 但不可壳化或可壳化但不可顶点分解的最小图例子。

虚拟Cohen-Macaulay单纯复形的条件

Conditions for Virtually Cohen--Macaulay Simplicial Complexes

本文给出单纯复形成为虚拟Cohen-Macaulay单纯复形的充分条件，引入虚拟可剥单纯复形这一可剥复形的推广，并证明其具有虚拟Cohen-Macaulay性质，推广了可剥复形是Cohen-Macaulay的结论。

高维中的顶点序

Vertex orders in higher dimensions

本文研究了单位区间复形和区间复形的高维推广，证明了强连通单位区间复形在单位区间序诱导下可壳化且顶点可分解，同时给出了高维中不可壳化的强连通区间复形实例。

Shellability of Polyhedral Joins of Simplicial Complexes and Its Application to Graph Theory

We investigate the shellability of the polyhedral join $\mathcal{Z}^*_M (K, L)$ of simplicial complexes $K, M$ and a subcomplex $L \subset K$. We give sufficient conditions and necessary conditions on $(K, L)$ for $\mathcal{Z}^*_M (K, L)$ being shellable. In particular, we show that for some pairs $(K, L)$, $\mathcal{Z}^*_M (K, L)$ becomes shellable regardless of whether $M$ is shellable or not. Polyhedral joins can be applied to graph theory as the independence complex of a certain generalized version of lexicographic products of graphs which we define in this paper. The graph obtained from t…

The Lefschetz property for barycentric subdivisions of shellable complexes

We show that an 'almost strong Lefschetz' property holds for the barycentric subdivision of a shellable complex. From this we conclude that for the barycentric subdivision of a Cohen-Macaulay complex, the $h$-vector is unimodal, peaks in its middle degree (one of them if the dimension of the complex is even), and that its $g$-vector is an $M$-sequence. In particular, the (combinatorial) $g$-conjecture is verified for barycentric subdivisions of homology spheres. In addition, using the above algebraic result, we derive new inequalities on a refinement of the Eulerian statistics on permutations,…

Independence complexes of well-covered circulant graphs

We study the independence complexes of families of well-covered circulant graphs discovered by Boros-Gurvich-Milanič, Brown-Hoshino, and Moussi. Because these graphs are well-covered, their independence complexes are pure simplicial complexes. We determine when these pure complexes have extra combinatorial (e.g. vertex decomposable, shellable) or topological (e.g. Cohen-Macaulay, Buchsbaum) structure. We also provide a table of all well-covered circulant graphs on 16 or less vertices, and for each such graph, determine if it is vertex decomposable, shellable, Cohen-Macaulay, and/or Buchsbaum. …

Shellability and homology of $q$-complexes and $q$-matroids

We consider a $q$-analogue of abstract simplicial complexes, called $q$-complexes, and discuss the notion of shellability for such complexes. It is shown that $q$-complexes formed by independent subspaces of a $q$-matroid are shellable. Further, we explicitly determine the homology of $q$-complexes corresponding to uniform $q$-matroids. We also outline some partial results concerning the determination of homology of arbitrary shellable $q$-complexes..

Simplicial shellable spheres via combinatorial blowups

The construction of the Bier sphere Bier(K) for a simplicial complex K is due to Bier. Björner, Paffenholz, Sjöstrand and Ziegler generalize this construction to obtain a Bier poset Bier(P,I) from any bounded poset P and any proper ideal I of P. They show shellability of Bier(P,I) for the case where P is the boolean lattice, and obtain thereby 'many shellable spheres' in the sense of Kalai. We put the Bier construction into the general framework of the theory of nested set complexes of Feichtner and Kozlov. We obtain 'more shellable spheres' by proving the general statement that combinatorial …

On the cd-index and gamma-vector of S*-shellable CW-spheres

We show that the $γ$-vector of the order complex of any polytope is the f-vector of a balanced simplicial complex. This is done by proving this statement for a subclass of Stanley's S-shellable spheres which includes all polytopes. The proof shows that certain parts of the cd-index, when specializing $c=1$ and considering the resulted polynomial in $d$, are the f-polynomials of simplicial complexes that can be colored with "few" colors. We conjecture that the cd-index of a regular CW-sphere is itself the flag f-vector of a colored simplicial complex in a certain sense.

Topology of augmented Bergman complexes

The augmented Bergman complex of a matroid is a simplicial complex introduced recently in work of Braden, Huh, Matherne, Proudfoot and Wang. It may be viewed as a hybrid of two well-studied pure shellable simplicial complexes associated to matroids: the independent set complex and Bergman complex. It is shown here that the augmented Bergman complex is also shellable, via two different families of shelling orders. Furthermore, comparing the description of its homotopy type induced from the two shellings re-interprets a known convolution formula counting bases of the matroid. The representation …

Shellable tilings on relative simplicial complexes and their h-vectors

An h-tiling on a finite simplicial complex is a partition of its geometric realization by maximal simplices deprived of several codimension one faces together with possibly their remaining face of highest codimension. In this last case, the tiles are said to be critical. An h-tiling thus induces a partitioning of its face poset by closed or semi-open intervals. We prove the existence of h-tilings on every finite simplicial complex after finitely many stellar subdivisions at maximal simplices. These tilings are moreover shellable. We also prove that the number of tiles of each type used by a ti…

Morse shellings and compatible discrete Morse functions

We introduce a notion of Morse shellings (and tilings) on finite simplicial complexes which extends the classical one and its relation to discrete Morse theory.Skeletons and barycentric subdivisions of Morse shellable (or tileable) simplicial complexes are Morse shellable (or tileable). Moreover, every triangulated closed surface is Morse shellable while every closed three-manifold carries Morse shellable triangulations. Finally, any shelling encodes a class of discrete Morse functions whose critical points are in one-to-one correspondence, preserving the index, with the critical tiles of the …

Shellability of posets of labeled partitions and arrangements defined by root systems

We prove that the posets of connected components of intersections of toric and elliptic arrangements defined by root systems are EL-shellable and we compute their homotopy type. Our method rests on Bibby's description of such posets by means of "labeled partitions": after giving an EL-labeling and counting homology chains for general posets of labeled partitions, we obtain the stated results by considering the appropriate subposets.

Face numbers of barycentric subdivisions of cubical complexes

The $h$-polynomial of the barycentric subdivision of any $n$-dimensional cubical complex with nonnegative cubical $h$-vector is shown to have only real roots and to be interlaced by the Eulerian polynomial of type $B_n$. This result applies to barycentric subdivisions of shellable cubical complexes and, in particular, to barycentric subdivisions of cubical convex polytopes and answers affirmatively a question of Brenti, Mohammadi and Welker.

Linear Residuals and Gallai-Simplicial Complexes

In this paper, we give a new algebraic criterion for the {\em shellability} of (non-pure) simplicial complex $Δ$ over $[n]$, shellable in the sense of Björner and Wachs \cite{BW}. We show that the spanning simplicial complex of doubly uni-cyclic graph is non-pure shellable. Moreover, we introduce the concept of Gallai-simplicial complex $Δ_Γ(G)$ of a finite simple graph $G$. We applied the obtained criterion to discuss the shellability of Gallai simplicial complexes associated to various classes of graphs..

Extendable shellability for $d$-dimensional complexes on $d+3$ vertices

We prove that for all $d \geq 1$ a shellable $d$-dimensional simplicial complex with at most $d+3$ vertices is extendably shellable. The proof involves considering the structure of `exposed' edges in chordal graphs as well as a connection to linear quotients of quadratic monomial ideals.

Independence complexes of hypergraphs and bounded degree complexes

The bounded degree complex $BD(G,λ)$ is a generalization of the matching complexes of a graph. In this paper, we show that the bounded degree complex of a forest is shellable, by using independence complexes of hypergraphs. We obtain a wedge decomposition result of bounded degree complexes when a graph $G$ has a leaf

Spectral sequences of a Morse shelling

We recently introduced a notion of tilings of geometric realizations of finite relative simplicial complexes and related those tilings to the discrete Morse theory of R. Forman, especially when they have the property of being shellable, a property shared by the classical shellable complexes. We now observe that every such tiling supports a quiver which is acyclic precisely when the tiling is shellable and then, that every shelling induces two spectral sequences which converge to the relative (co)homology of the complex. Their first pages are free modules over the critical tiles of the tiling.

Coloring complexes and arrangements

Steingrimsson's coloring complex and Jonsson's unipolar complex are interpreted in terms of hyperplane arrangements. This viewpoint leads to short proofs that all coloring complexes and a large class of unipolar complexes have convex ear decompositions. These convex ear decompositions impose strong new restrictions on the chromatic polynomials of all finite graphs. Similar results are obtained for characteristic polynomials of submatroids of type B_n arrangements.

q-图安排的图形化扩展到单纯复形

A generalization of $q$-deformation of graphic arrangements to simplicial complexes

本文提出两种新的超平面安排，扩展q-变形到单纯复形，并研究了图形单项式安排的特征多项式和自由性。

On the Homology of the Real Complement of the $k$-Parabolic Subspace Arrangement

In this paper, we study $k$-parabolic arrangements, a generalization of the $k$-equal arrangement for any finite real reflection group. When $k=2$, these arrangements correspond to the well-studied Coxeter arrangements. We construct a cell complex $Perm_k(W)$ that is homotopy equivalent to the complement. We then apply discrete Morse theory to obtain a minimal cell complex for the complement. As a result, we give combinatorial interpretations for the Betti numbers, and show that the homology groups are torsion free. We also study a generalization of the Independence Complex of a graph, and sho…

Morse shellings on products

We recently defined a property of Morse shellability (and tileability) of finite simplicial complexes which extends the classical one and its relations with discrete Morse theory. We now prove that the product of two Morse tileable or shellable simplicial complexes carries Morse tileable or shellable triangulations under some tameness condition, and that any tiling or shelling becomes tame after one barycentric subdivision. We deduce that any finite product of closed manifolds of dimensions less than four carries Morse shellable triangulations whose critical and h-vectors are palindromic. We a…

无团复杂结构在图中的壳性

Shellability in Clique-Free Complexes of Graphs

本文研究了$t$-无团复形的壳性，证明了特定条件下的复形可分解且壳性，并引入了团附加操作以构造壳性复形，同时扩展了团尾巴的概念并建立了弦性与线性解的关系。

Kruskal--Katona type theorems for clique complexes arising from chordal and strongly chordal graphs

A forest is the clique complex of a strongly chordal graph and a quasi-forest is the clique complex of a chordal graph. Kruskal--Katona type theorems for forests, quasi-forests, pure forests and pure quasi-forests will be presented. In addition, it will be shown that a quasi-forest is shellable if and only if its $h$-vector $(h_0, h_1, h_2, ...)$ satisfies $h_i = 0$ for $i > 1$.

顶点可分解复形的剥壳补全与延拓

Completing and extending shellings of vertex decomposable complexes

本文证明顶点可分解复形满足 Simon 猜想中的剥壳可补全性质，并给出通过按反字典序添加缺失子集保持顶点可分解性的构造方法，同时探讨其在拟阵、移位复形及小顶点数情形下的应用与等价关系。

Convex-Ear Decompositions and the Flag h-Vector

We prove a theorem allowing us to find convex-ear decompositions for rank-selected subposets of posets that are unions of Boolean sublattices in a coherent fashion. We then apply this theorem to geometric lattices and face posets of shellable complexes, obtaining new inequalities for their h-vectors. Finally, we use the latter decomposition to prove new inequalities for the flag h-vectors of face posets of Cohen-Macaulay complexes.

关于六边形网格图3-割复形的壳性

On Shellability of 3-Cut Complexes of Hexagonal Grid Graphs

本文证明了六边形网格图的3-割复形对于所有m,n≥1都是壳性的，并给出了壳序构造及球面数量的计数公式。

泡格II：组合数学

Bubble Lattices II: Combinatorics

该研究引入非交叉匹配复形与非交叉二部复形，证明其可剥性并给出加细面数显式公式，还猜想其与洗牌格M-三角形存在关联，丰富了泡格相关的组合几何研究。

相对挤压球与球体的可剥壳性

Shellability of relative squeezed balls and spheres

研究相对挤压球及其边界复形的可剥壳性问题，通过证明其可剥壳，给出明确剥壳顺序并刻画限制面，为这类新复形建立强大组合结构。

Bergman Complexes, Coxeter Arrangements, and Graph Associahedra

Tropical varieties play an important role in algebraic geometry. The Bergman complex B(M) and the positive Bergman complex B+(M) of an oriented matroid M generalize to matroids the notions of the tropical variety and positive tropical variety associated to a linear ideal. Our main result is that if A is a Coxeter arrangement of type Phi with corresponding oriented matroid M_Phi, then B+(M_Phi) is dual to the graph associahedron of type Phi, and B(M_Phi) equals the nested set complex of A. In addition, we prove that for any orientable matroid M, one can find |mu(M)| different reorientations of …

Maximal fillings of moon polyominoes, simplicial complexes, and Schubert polynomials

We exhibit a canonical connection between maximal (0,1)-fillings of a moon polyomino avoiding north-east chains of a given length and reduced pipe dreams of a certain permutation. Following this approach we show that the simplicial complex of such maximal fillings is a vertex-decomposable, and thus shellable, sphere. In particular, this implies a positivity result for Schubert polynomials. For Ferrers shapes, we moreover construct a bijection to maximal fillings avoiding south-east chains of the same length which specializes to a bijection between k-triangulations of the n-gon and k-fans of Dy…

Polygon dissections and some generalizations of cluster complexes

Let $W$ be a Weyl group corresponding to the root system $A_{n-1}$ or $B_n$. We define a simplicial complex $ Δ^m_W $ in terms of polygon dissections for such a group and any positive integer $m$. For $ m=1 $, $ Δ^m_W$ is isomorphic to the cluster complex corresponding to $ W $, defined in \cite{FZ}. We enumerate the faces of $ Δ^m_W $ and show that the entries of its $h$-vector are given by the generalized Narayana numbers $ N^m_W(i) $, defined in \cite{Atha3}. We also prove that for any $ m \geq 1$ the complex $ Δ^m_W $ is shellable and hence Cohen-Macaulay.

Whitehead products in moment-angle complexes

In toric topology, to a simplicial complex $K$ with $m$ vertices, one associates two spaces, the moment-angle complex $\mathcal{Z}_K$ and the Davis-Januszkiewicz space $DJ_K$. These spaces are connected by a homotopy fibration $\mathcal{Z}_K\to DJ_K\to(\mathbb{C}P^\infty)^m$. In this paper, we show that the map $\mathcal{Z}_K\to DJ_K$ is identified with a wedge of iterated (higher) Whitehead products for a certain class of simplicial complexes $K$ including dual shellable complexes. We will prove the result in a more general setting of polyhedral products.

Wedge decomposition of polyhedral products

We prove that certain polyhedral products, including the moment-angle complexes, for the Alexander duals of shellable and sequentially Cohen-Macaulay complexes decompose into wedges of explicitly given suspension spaces, which implies the properties of the Stanley-Reisner rings, known as Golod, of theses complexes.

A note on the van der Waerden complex

Ehrenborg, Govindaiah, Park, and Readdy recently introduced the van der Waerden complex, a pure simplicial complex whose facets correspond to arithmetic progressions. Using techniques from combinatorial commutative algebra, we classify when these pure simplicial complexes are vertex decomposable or not Cohen-Macaulay. As a corollary, we classify the van der Waerden complexes that are shellable.

模式回避单射词复形

Complexes of pattern-avoiding injective words

本文通过固定置换模式定义单射词复形的自然子复形，证明其在多数模式下的可壳性并构造同调基，同时利用枚举组合学证明可壳性，并推导出模式回避置换的新的精细计数公式。

Relation spaces of hyperplane arrangements and modules defined by graphs of fiber zonotopes

We study the exactness of certain combinatorially defined complexes which generalize the Orlik-Solomon algebra of a geometric lattice. The main results pertain to complex reflection arrangements and their restrictions. In particular, we consider the corresponding relation complexes and give a simple proof of the $n$-formality of these hyperplane arrangements. As an application, we are able to bound the Castelnouvo-Mumford regularity of certain modules over polynomial rings associated to Coxeter arrangements (real reflection arrangements) and their restrictions. The modules in question are defi…

Subdivisions, shellability, and collapsibility of products

We prove that the second derived subdivision of any rectilinear triangulation of any convex polytope is shellable. Also, we prove that the first derived subdivision of every rectilinear triangulation of any convex 3-dimensional polytope is shellable. This complements Mary Ellen Rudin's classical example of a non-shellable rectilinear triangulation of the tetrahedron. Our main tool is a new relative notion of shellability that characterizes the behavior of shellable complexes under gluing. As a corollary, we obtain a new characterization of the PL property in terms of shellability: A triangulat…

Convex Union Representability and Convex Codes

We introduce and investigate $d$-convex union representable complexes: the complexes that arise as the nerve of a finite collection of convex open sets in $\mathbb R^d$ whose union is also convex. Chen, Frick, and Shiu recently proved that such complexes are collapsible and asked if all collapsible complexes are convex union representable. We disprove this by showing that there exist shellable and collapsible complexes that are not convex union representable; there also exist non-evasive complexes that are not convex union representable. In the process we establish several necessary conditions…

A new shellability proof of an identity of Dixon

We give a new proof of an old identity of Dixon (1865-1936) that uses tools from topological combinatorics. Dixon's identity is re-established by constructing an infinite family of non-pure simplicial complexes $Δ(n)$, indexed by the positive integers, such that the alternating sum of the numbers of faces of $Δ(n)$ of each dimension is the left-hand side of the identity. We show that $Δ(n)$ is shellable for all $n$. Then, using the fact that a shellable simplicial complex is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres, we compute the Betti numbers of $Δ(n)$ by counting (via a generating function…

Complexes, duality and Chern classes of logarithmic forms along hyperplane arrangements

We describe dualities and complexes of logarithmic forms and differentials for central affine and corresponding projective arrangements. We generalize the Borel-Serre formula from vector bundles to sheaves on projective d-space with locally free resolutions of length one. Combining these results we present a generalization of a formula due to Mustata and Schenck, relating the Poincare polynomial of an arrangement in projective 3-space (or a locally tame arrangement in projective d-space with zero-dimensional non-free locus) to the total Chern polynomial of its sheaf of logarithmic 1-forms.

Link complexes of subspace arrangements

Given a simplicial hyperplane arrangement H and a subspace arrangement A embedded in H, we define a simplicial complex Delta_{A,H} as the subdivision of the link of A induced by H. In particular, this generalizes Steingrimsson's coloring complex of a graph. We do the following: (1) When A is a hyperplane arrangement, Delta_{A,H} is shown to be shellable. As a special case, we answer affirmatively a question of Steingrimsson on coloring complexes. (2) For H being a Coxeter arrangement of type A or B we obtain a close connection between the Hilbert series of the Stanley-Reisner ring of Delta_{A,…

Random walks, arrangements, cell complexes, greedoids, and self-organizing libraries

The starting point is the known fact that some much-studied random walks on permutations, such as the Tsetlin library, arise from walks on real hyperplane arrangements. This paper explores similar walks on complex hyperplane arrangements. This is achieved by involving certain cell complexes naturally associated with the arrangement. In a particular case this leads to walks on libraries with several shelves. We also show that interval greedoids give rise to random walks belonging to the same general family. Members of this family of Markov chains, based on certain semigroups, have the property …

Complexes of Directed Trees and Independence Complexes

The theory of complexes of directed trees was initiated by Kozlov to answer a question by Stanley, and later on, results from the theory were used by Babson and Kozlov in their proof of the Lovasz conjecture. We develop the theory and prove that complexes on directed acyclic graphs are shellable. A related concept is that of independence complexes: construct a simplicial complex on the vertex set of a graph, by including each independent set of vertices as a simplex. Two theorems used for breaking and gluing such complexes are proved and applied to generalize results by Kozlov. A fruitful rest…

Broken circuit complexes and hyperplane arrangements

We study Stanley-Reisner ideals of broken circuits complexes and characterize those ones admitting a linear resolution or being complete intersections. These results will then be used to characterize arrangements whose Orlik-Terao ideal has the same properties. As an application, we improve a result of Wilf on upper bounds for the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial of a maximal planar graph. We also show that for an ordered matroid with disjoint minimal broken circuits, the supersolvability of the matroid is equivalent to the Koszulness of its Orlik-Solomon algebra.

平方圈图的 $3$-割复形的壳性

Shellability of $3$-Cut Complexes of Squared Cycle Graphs

本文证明了平方圈图的 $3$-割复形是壳的，并验证了其 Betti 数的猜想。

$1$-可扩展复形的扩展性

Extendability of $1$-decomposable complexes

本文研究了1-可分解复形的扩展性，证明了任何纯的d维1-可分解复形可以扩展到特定的骨架，同时保持1-可分解性。

Shellings from relative shellings, with an application to NP-completeness

Shellings of simplicial complexes have long been a useful tool in topological and algebraic combinatorics. Shellings of a complex expose a large amount of information in a helpful way, but are not easy to construct, often requiring deep information about the structure of the complex. It is natural to ask whether shellings may be efficiently found computationally. In a recent paper, Goaoc, Paták, Patáková, Tancer and Wagner gave a negative answer to this question (assuming P \neq NP), showing that the problem of deciding whether a simplicial complex is shellable is NP-complete. In this paper, w…

Cell Complexes for Arrangements with Group Actions

For a real oriented hyperplane arrangement, we show that the corresponding Salvetti complex is homotopy equivalent to the complement of the complexified arrangement. This result was originally proved by M. Salvetti. Our proof follows the framework of a proof given by L. Paris and relies heavily on the notation of oriented matroids. We also show that homotopy equivalence is preserved when we quotient by the action of the corresponding reflection group. In particular, the Salvetti complex of the braid arrangement in $\ell$ dimensions modulo the action of the symmetric group is a cell complex whi…

On the topology of nested set complexes

Nested set complexes appear as the combinatorial core of De Concini-Procesi arrangement models. We show that nested set complexes are homotopy equivalent to the order complexes of the underlying meet-semilattices without their minimal elements. For atomic semilattices, we consider the realization of nested set complexes by simplicial fans as proposed in math.AG/0305142 by the first author and S. Yuzvinsky. We show that in this case the nested set complexes in fact are homeomorphic to the mentioned order complexes.