Peter Albers, Urs Frauenfelder
We show that the Lagrangian torus in the cotangent bundles of the 2-sphere obtained by applying the geodesic flow to the unit circle in a fibre is not displaceable by computing its Lagrangian Floer homology. The computation is based on a symmetry argument.
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The Chekanov torus was the first known \emph{exotic} torus, a monotone Lagrangian torus that is not Hamiltonian isotopic to the standard monotone Lagrangian torus. We explore the relationship between the Chekanov torus in $S^2 \times S^2$ and a monotone Lagrangian torus which had been introduced before Chekanov's construction \cite{Chekanov}. We prove that the monotone Lagrangian torus fiber in a certain Gelfand--Zeitlin system is Hamiltonian isotopic to the Chekanov torus in $S^2 \times S^2$.
We find a non-displaceable Lagrangian torus fiber in a semi-toric system, which is superheavy with respect to certain symplectic quasi-state. In particular, this proves Lagrangian $\RR P^2$ is not a stem in $\CC P^2$, answering a question of Entov and Polterovich.
The Floer homology of (RP^n,T^n) is calculated, for n odd.
The paper is wihdrawn due to a critical error in the argument using the spectral sequence
It is known that any closed, exact Lagrangian in the cotangent bundle of a closed, smooth manifold is of the same homotopy type as the zero section. In this paper, we give a Fukaya-theoretic proof of this fact for the sphere and torus to review and demonstrate some of the homological algebra techniques in symplectic geometry.
Fixing a weakly unobstructed Lagrangian torus in a symplectic manifold X, we define a holomorphic function W known as the Floer potential. We construct a canonical A-infinity functor from the Fukaya category of X to the category of matrix factorizations of W. It provides a unified way to construct matrix factorizations from Lagrangian Floer theory. The technique is applied to toric Fano manifolds to transform Lagrangian branes to matrix factorizations. Using the method, we also obtain an explicit expression of the matrix factorization mirror to the real locus of the complex projective space.
We show that the union of a meridian and a longitude of the symplectic 2-torus is superheavy in the sense of Entov-Polterovich. By a result of Entov-Polterovich, this implies that the product of this union and the Clifford torus of $\mathbb{C}P^n$ with the Fubini-Study symplectic form cannot be displaced by symplectomorphisms.
In this article, we consider the Floer cohomology (with $\Z_2$ coefficients) between torus fibers and the real Lagrangian in Fano toric manifolds. We first investigate the conditions under which the Floer cohomology is defined, and then develop a combinatorial description of the Floer complex based on the polytope of the toric manifold. We show that if the Floer cohomology is defined, and the Floer cohomology of the torus fiber is non-zero, then the Floer cohomology of the pair is non-zero. We use this result to develop some applications to non-displaceability and the minimum number of interse…
We show that in many examples the non-displaceability of Lagrangian submanifolds by Hamiltonian isotopy can be proved via Lagrangian Floer cohomology with non-unitary line bundle. The examples include all monotone Lagrangian torus fibers in toric Fano manifold (which was also proven by Entov and Polterovich via the theory of symplectic quasi-states), some non-monotone Lagrangian torus fibers. We also extend the results by Oh and the author about the computations of Floer cohomology of Lagrangian torus fibers to the case of all toric Fano manifolds, removing the convexity assumption in the prev…
The following interesting quantity was introduced by K. Cieliebak and K. Mohnke for a Lagrangian submanifold $L$ of a symplectic manifold: the minimal positive symplectic area of a disc with boundary on $L$. They also showed that this quantity is bounded from above by $π/n$ for a Lagrangian torus inside the $2n$-dimensional unit disc equipped with the standard symplectic form. A Lagrangian torus for which this upper bound is attained is called extremal. We show that an extremal Lagrangian torus inside the four-dimensional unit disc is contained in the boundary $\partial D^4=S^3$, and is hence …
We exhibit monotone Lagrangian tori inside the standard symplectic four-dimensional unit ball that become Hamiltonian isotopic to the Clifford torus, i.e.~the standard product torus, only when considered inside a strictly larger ball (they are not even symplectomorphic to a standard torus inside the unit ball). These tori are then used to construct new examples of symplectic embeddings of toric domains into the unit ball which are symplectically knotted in the sense of J.~Gutt and M.~Usher. We also give a characterisation of the Clifford torus inside the ball as well as the projective plane in…
The Gelfand-Cetlin system has non-torus Lagrangian fibers on some of the boundary strata of the moment polytope. We compute Floer cohomologies of such non-torus Lagrangian fibers in the cases of the 3-dimensional full flag manifold and the Grassmannian of 2-planes in a 4-space.
We show that there exists no Lagrangian embeddings of the Klein bottle into $\CC^{2}$. Using the same techniques we also give a new proof that any Lagrangian torus in $\CC^2$ is smoothly isotopic to the Clifford torus.
We prove that a monotone Lagrangian torus in $S^2\times S^2$ which suitably sits in a symplectic fibration with two sections in its complement is Hamiltonian isotopic to the Clifford torus.
We construct an exotic monotone Lagrangian torus in CP^2 using techniques motivated by mirror symmetry. We show that it bounds 10 families of Maslov index 2 holomorphic discs, and it follows that this exotic torus is not Hamiltonian isotopic to the known Clifford and Chekanov tori.
This paper provides the technical details of gradient flow construction and related problems, which are essential for our construction of Lagrangian torus fibrations for Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces.
For a Legendrian $(2,n)$ torus knot or link with maximal Thurston-Bennequin number, Ekholm, Honda, and Kálmán constructed $C_n$ exact Lagrangian fillings, where $C_n$ is the $n$-th Catalan number. We show that these exact Lagrangian fillings are pairwise non-isotopic through exact Lagrangian isotopy. To do that, we compute the augmentations induced by the exact Lagrangian fillings $L$ to $\mathbb{Z}_2[H_1(L)]$ and distinguish the resulting augmentations.
Packing Lagrangian tori
本文研究辛流形中积分拉格朗日环面的填充问题，证明 $S^2 \ imes S^2$ 中克利福德环面具有极大性，并证明当 $a,b>2$ 时辛多圆盘 $P(a,b)$ 的标准积分拉格朗日环面补集中仍存在其他积分拉格朗日环面。
We give a construction of Lagrangian torus fibrations with controlled discriminant locus on certain affine varieties. In particular, we apply our construction in the following ways. We find a Lagrangian torus fibration on the 3-fold negative vertex whose discriminant locus has codimension 2; this provides a local model for finding torus fibrations on compact Calabi-Yau 3-folds with codimension 2 discriminant locus. Then, we find a Lagrangian torus fibration on a neighbourhood of the one-dimensional stratum of a simple normal crossing divisor (satisfying certain conditions) such that the base o…
In this paper we summarize our recent work in the construction of Lagrangian torus fibrations for Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties and the symplectic Strominger-Yau-Zaslow conjecture, together with some new development. It is submittded to the Proceedings of the Conference in Symplectic Geometry and Mirror Symmetry held in KIAS, Seoul, Korea. The paper was finished in Jan. 2001, with revisions and added reference.
On Lagrangian tori in K3 surfaces
研究 K3 曲面中 Lagrangian 环面的 Maslov 指标与同调非平凡性之间的等价关系，将已知结论推广至 Maslov 指标模 4 为零的情形。
We prove that the product of equators $S^{1} \times S^{1}$ in $S^{2} \times S^{2}$ is globally volume minimizing under Hamiltonian deformations.
We construct distinguished elements in the embedded contact homology (and monopole Floer homology) of a 3-torus, associated with Lagrangian tori in symplectic 4-manifolds and their isotopy classes. They turn out not to be new invariants, instead they repackage the Gromov (and Seiberg-Witten) invariants of various torus surgeries. We then recover a result of Morgan-Mrowka-Szabó on product formulas for the Seiberg-Witten invariants along 3-tori.
In this paper we give a construction of Lagrangian torus fibration for Fermat type quintic \cy hypersurfaces via the method of gradient flow. We also compute the monodromy of the expected special Lagrangian torus fibration and discuss structures of singular fibers.
We compute the Lagrangian cobordism group of the standard symplectic 2-torus and prove that it is isomorphic to the Grothendieck group of its derived Fukaya category. The proofs use homological mirror symmetry for the 2-torus.
We give a method to construct singular Lagrangian 3-torus fibrations over certain a priori given integral affine manifolds with singularities, which we call simple. The main result of this article is the proof that the topological Calabi-Yau compactifications of M. Gross' "Topological Mirror Symmetry", can be made into symplectic compactifications. As an example, we obtain a pair of compact symplectic 6-manifolds together with Lagrangian fibrations whose underlying affine structures are dual. The symplectic manifolds obtained are homeomorphic to a smooth quintic Calabi-Yau 3-fold and its mirro…
We define new Hamiltonian isotopy invariants for a monotone Lagrangian torus embedded in a symplectic 4-manifold. We show that, in the standard symplectic 4-space, these invariants distinguish a monotone Clifford torus from a Chekanov torus.
In this paper we give a construction of Lagrangian torus fibration for Calabi-Yau hypersurface in toric variety via the method of gradient flow. Using our construction of Lagrangian torus fibration, we are able to prove the symplectic topological version of SYZ mirror conjecture for generic Calabi-Yau hypersurface in toric variety. We will also be able to give precise formulation of SYZ mirror conjecture in general (including singular locus and duality of singular fibres).
All principal orbits of the standard Hamiltonian $T^n$-action on the complex projective space ${\mathbb C}P^n$ are Lagrangian tori.In this article, we prove that most of them are not volume minimizing under Hamiltonian isotopies of ${\mathbb C}P^n$ if the complex dimension $n$ is greater than two, although they are Hamiltonian minimal and Hamiltonian stable.
We study two related invariants of Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic manifolds. For a Lagrangian torus these invariants are functions on the first cohomology of the torus. The first invariant is of topological nature and is related to the study of Lagrangian isotopies with a given Lagrangian flux. More specifically, it measures the length of straight paths in the first cohomology that can be realized as the Lagrangian flux of a Lagrangian isotopy. The second invariant is of analytical nature and comes from symplectic function theory. It is defined for Lagrangian submanifolds admitting fibr…
Hofer geometry via toric degeneration
本文利用环面退化在哈密顿微分同胚群上构造不同的齐次拟态射，研究了二次超曲面和del Pezzo曲面上的拉格朗日子流形，并证明了超重性及相关的辛拓扑应用。
We discuss homological mirror symmetry for the conifold from the point of view of the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow conjecture.
We introduce the notion of a local torus action modeled on the standard representation (for simplicity, we call it a local torus action). It is a generalization of a locally standard torus action and also an underlying structure of a locally toric Lagrangian fibration. For a local torus action, we define two invariants called a characteristic pair and an Euler class of the orbit map, and prove that local torus actions are classified topologically by them. As a corollary, we obtain a topological classification of locally standard torus actions, which is a generalization of the topological class…
The spread construction and non-uniqueness of visible Lagrangians
研究 Hirzebruch 曲面中可见拉格朗日量的性质，通过新的展开构造证明其包含拉格朗日环面和克莱因瓶，且其拓扑不由矩映射像决定。
We determine the Lagrangian monodromy group L(T) and the smooth monodromy group S(T) of a Clifford torus T in the symplectic 4-space. We show that L(T) is isomorphic to the infinite dihedral group, and S(T) is generated by three reflections. We give explicit formulas for both groups. We also show that if a Lagrangian torus is smoothly isotopic to a Clifford torus then the smooth isotopy can be chosen to be Lagrangian outside of a disc.
We use the quilt formalism of Mau-Wehrheim-Woodward to give a sufficient condition for a finite collection of Lagrangian submanifolds to split-generate the Fukaya category, and deduce homological mirror symmetry for the standard 4-torus. As an application, we study Lagrangian genus two surfaces of Maslov class zero, deriving numerical restrictions on the intersections of such a surface with linear Lagrangian 2-tori in in the 4-torus.
Geometry of symplectic flux and Lagrangian torus fibrations
本文通过Fukaya代数定义数值不变量研究辛通量，揭示其在线性通量同伦上的凹性，并推导Fano簇Gelfand-Cetlin纤维的约束及复射影平面纤维空间描述。
We construct pseudotoric structures (à la Tyurin) on the two-step flag variety $F\ell_{1, n-1; n}$, and explain a general relation between pseudotoric structures and special Lagrangian torus fibrations, the latter of which are important in the study of SYZ mirror symmetry. As an application, we speculate how our constructions can explain the number of terms in the superpotential of Rietsch's Landau-Ginzburg mirror.
Inspired by the work of Gross on topological Mirror Symmetry we construct candidate Lagrangian torus fibration models for the 105 families of smooth Fano threefolds. We prove, in the case the second Betti number is one, that the total space of each fibration is homeomorphic to the expected Fano threefold, and show that the numerical invariants coincide for all 105. Our construction relies on a notion of toric degeneration for affine manifolds with singularities, and the correspondence we obtain between polytopes and Fano manifolds is compatible with that appearing in the work of Coates-Corti-K…
We show that, up to Lagrangian isotopy, there is a unique Lagrangian torus inside each of the following uniruled symplectic four-manifolds: the symplectic vector space $\mathbb{R}^4$, the projective plane $\mathbb{C}P^2$, and the monotone $S^2 \times S^2$. The result is proven by studying pseudoholomorphic foliations while performing the splitting construction from symplectic field theory along the Lagrangian torus. A number of other related results are also shown. Notably, the nearby Lagrangian conjecture is established for $T^*\mathbb{T}^2$, i.e.~it is shown that every closed exact Lagrangia…
We prove the Hamiltonian unknottedness of real Lagrangian tori in the monotone $S^2\times S^2$, namely any real Lagrangian torus in $S^2\times S^2$ is Hamiltonian isotopic to the Clifford torus $\mathbb{T}_{\text{Clif}}$. The proof is based on a neck-stretching argument, Gromov's foliation theorem, and the Cieliebak-Schwingenheuer criterion.
Exact Lagrangian fillings of twist-spun torus links
本文构造了在旋转对称下保持不变的勒让德环面链环的精确拉格朗日填充，并利用组合方法将其推广到扭转纺丝环面，核心贡献是给出了对称最大弱分离集存在的充要条件。
The multiplier spectral curve of a conformal torus in the 4-sphere is essentially, see arXiv:0712.2311, given by all Darboux transforms of the conformal torus. In the particular case when the conformal immersion is a Hamiltonian stationary torus in Euclidean 4-space, the left normal of the immersion is harmonic, hence we can associate a second Riemann surface: the eigenline spectral curve of the left normal, as defined by Hitchin. We show that the multiplier spectral curve of a Hamiltonian stationary torus and the eigenline spectral curve of its left normal are biholomorphic Riemann surfaces o…
On the Lagrangian Hofer geometry of Clifford tori
本文证明在复射影空间或四维二次曲面中，与Clifford环面Hamilton同伦的Lagrangian空间在Chekanov Hofer度量下包含实数轴的拟等距副本，从而具有无限直径。
Equivariant Lagrangian Floer theory on compact toric manifolds
本文在带子环面作用的紧致辛环面流形上建立等变拉格朗日弗洛尔理论，将非零等变弗洛尔上同调的拉格朗日环面纤维集合等同于刚性解析空间并给出其热带化定位，同时证明此类子流形在等变哈密顿微分同胚下不可移位。
For a Lagrangian torus A in a simply-connected projective symplectic manifold M, we prove that M has a hypersurface disjoint from a deformation of A. This implies that a Lagrangian torus in a compact hyperkähler manifold is a fiber of an almost holomorphic Lagrangian fibration, giving an affirmative answer to a question of Beauville's. Our proof employs two different tools: the theory of action-angle variables for algebraically completely integrable Hamiltonian systems and Wielandt's theory of subnormal subgroups.
We prove that every smoothly immersed 2-torus of $\mathbb{R}^4$ can be approximated, in the C0-sense, by immersed polyhedral Lagrangian tori. In the case of a smoothly immersed (resp. embedded) Lagrangian torus of $\mathbb{R}^4$, the surface can be approximated in the C1-sense by immersed (resp. embedded) polyhedral Lagrangian tori. Similar statements are proved for isotropic 2-tori of $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$.
In this paper, we study the geometry of the SYZ transform on a semi-flat Lagrangian torus fibration. Our starting point is an investigation on the relation between Lagrangian surgery of a pair of straight lines in a symplectic 2-torus and extension of holomorphic vector bundles over the mirror elliptic curve, via the SYZ transform for immersed Lagrangian multi-sections. This study leads us to a new notion of equivalence between objects in the immersed Fukaya category of a general compact symplectic manifold $(M, ω)$, under which the immersed Floer cohomology is invariant; in particular, this p…
We consider a Hamiltonian torus action on a compact connected symplectic manifold M. For a certain class of Lagrangian submanifolds Q of M we show that the image of Q under the momentum map is convex. As an application we complete the symplectic proof of Kostant's non-linear convexity theorem.
We consider two natural Lagrangian intersection problems in the context of symplectic toric manifolds: displaceability of torus orbits and of a torus orbit with the real part of the toric manifold. Our remarks address the fact that one can use simple cartesian product and symplectic reduction considerations to go from basic examples to much more sophisticated ones. We show in particular how rigidity results for the above Lagrangian intersection problems in weighted projective spaces can be combined with these considerations to prove analogous results for all monotone toric symplectic manifolds…
We prove that the count of Maslov index 2 $J$-holomorphic discs passing through a generic point of a real Lagrangian submanifold in a closed spherically monotone symplectic manifold must be even. As a corollary, we exhibit a genuine real symplectic phenomenon in terms of involutions, namely that the Chekanov torus $\mathbb{T}_{\text{Chek}}$ in $S^2\times S^2$, which is a monotone Lagrangian torus not Hamiltonian isotopic to the Clifford torus $\mathbb{T}_{\text{Clif}}$, can be seen as the fixed point set of a smooth involution, but not of an antisymplectic involution.
On Lagrangians of Oakley-Usher type
研究非环面拉格朗日子流形辛（不）打结性，构造受奥克利 - 厄舍拉格朗日量启发，比较其与相关对象关系；还研究\(Q^3\)中单调拉格朗日环面，计算相关不变量，证明不可位移性并联系镜像对称。
In this paper, we first provide an explicit description of {\it all} holomorphic discs (``disc instantons'') attached to Lagrangian torus fibers of arbitrary compact toric manifolds, and prove their Fredholm regularity. Using this, we compute Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono's (FOOO's) obstruction (co)chains and the Floer cohomology of Lagrangian torus fibers of Fano toric manifolds. In particular specializing to the formal parameter $T^{2π} = e^{-1}$, our computation verifies the folklore that FOOO's obstruction (co)chains correspond to the Landau-Ginzburg superpotentials under the mirror symmetry correspo…
Singular Lagrangian torus fibrations on the smoothing of algebraic cones
本文在代数锥的光滑变形上利用 Minkowski 分解构造奇异拉格朗日环面纤维化，得到凸底图表示，并通过穿墙公式恢复 Lau 的势函数结果，进而讨论单调拉格朗日环面的不可位移性。
This is a book aimed at graduate students and researchers in symplectic geometry, based on a course I taught in 2019. The primary message is that the base of a Lagrangian torus fibration inherits an integral affine structure, which you can use to "read off" a lot of interesting geometry of the total space. Topics covered include: action-angle coordinates, symplectic reduction, toric manifolds, visible and tropical Lagrangians, almost toric systems, Milnor fibres of cyclic quotient singularities, mutation of polygons, non-toric blow-up, an almost toric view on Lisca's classification of fillings…
Stabilized symplectic embeddings of higher-dimensional ellipsoids
本文通过研究高维辛椭球体的拉格朗日容量，提出了一种基于弦拓扑学的方法，以确定其嵌入容量的下界。
In this expository note we describe important examples of Lagrangian mean curvature flow in $\mathbb{C}^2$ which are invariant under a circle action. Through these examples, we see compact and non-compact situations, long-time existence, singularities forming via explicit models, and significant objects in Riemannian and symplectic geometry, including the Clifford torus, Chekanov torus, Whitney sphere and Lawlor necks.
Consider a Hamiltonian torus action on a connected symplectic manifold M for which the associated moment map Phi is proper in some sense. Let Q be a closed submanifold of M. We show that under certain local conditions on Q one has Phi(Q)=Phi(M). We apply this result in the special case that Q arises as the fixed point set of some involution on M which is not necessarily antisymplectic.
On non-displaceable Lagrangian submanifolds in two-step flag varieties
本文证明了两步旗流形 $\mathcal{F}\ell(1,n;n+1)$ 中存在不可位移且非单调的拉格朗日 Gelfand--Zeitlin 纤维，并在 $n > 2$ 时发现了一族连续的不可位移环面纤维。
Packing Integral Tori in Del Pezzo Surfaces
本文将 Hind 和 Kerman 的积分拉格朗日环面堆积结果从二维球面的乘积推广到 Del Pezzo 曲面，证明总能找到仅由 Clifford 环面构成的最大积分堆积。
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