In this paper we study minimal affinizations of representations of quantum groups (generalizations of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules of quantum affine algebras introduced by Chari). We prove that all minimal affinizations in types A, B, G are special in the sense of monomials. Although this property is not satisfied in general, we also prove an analog property for a large class of minimal affinization in types C, D, F. As an application, the Frenkel-Mukhin algorithm works for these modules. For minimal affinizations of type A, B we prove the thin property (the l-weight spaces are of dimension 1) and a conjecture of Nakai-Nakanishi (already known for type A). The proof of the special property is extended uniformly for more general quantum affinizations of quantum Kac-Moody algebras.
We study the graded limits of minimal affinizations over a quantum loop algebra of type D in the regular case. We show that the graded limits are isomorphic to multiple generalizations of Demazure modules, and also give their defining relations. As a corollary we obtain a character formula for the minimal affinizations in terms of Demazure operators, and a multiplicity formula for a special class of the minimal affinizations.
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra of type $D$ or $E$ and $λ$ be a dominant integral weight whose support bounds the subdiagram of type $D_4$. We study certain quantum affinizations of the simple $\mathfrak g$-module of highest weight $λ$ which we term preminimal affinizations of order two (this is the maximal order for such $λ$). This class can be split in two: the coherent and the incoherent affinizations. If $λ$ is regular, Chari and Pressley proved that the associated minimal affinizations belong to one of the three equivalent classes of coherent preminimal affini…
We prove that the specialization to q=1 of a Kirillov-Reshetikhin module for an untwisted quantum affine algebra of classical type is projective in a suitable category. This yields a uniform character formula for the Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules. We conjecture that these results holds for specializations of minimal affinization with some restriction on the corresponding highest weight. We discuss the connection with the conjecture of Nakai and Nakanishi on q-characters of minimal affinizations. We establish this conjecture in some special cases. This also leads us to conjecture an alternating …
We obtain character formulas of minimal affinizations of representations of quantum groups when the underlying simple Lie algebra is orthogonal and the support of the highest weight is contained in the first three nodes of the Dynkin diagram. We also give a framework for extending our techniques to a more general situation. In particular, for the orthogonal algebras and a highest weight supported in at most one spin node, we realize the restricted classical limit of the corresponding minimal affinizations as a quotient of a module given by generators and relations and, furthermore, show that i…
For a minimal affinization over a quantum loop algebra of type BC, we provide a character formula in terms of Demazure operators and multiplicities in terms of crystal bases. We also provide a simple formula for the limit of characters. These are achieved by verifying that its graded limit (a variant of a classical limit) is isomorphic to some multiple generalization of a Demazure module, and by determining the defining relations of the graded limit.
In this paper, we apply the theory of cluster algebras to study minimal affinizations for the quantum affine algebra of type $F_4$. We show that the $q$-characters of a large family of minimal affinizations of type $F_4$ satisfy a system of equations. Moreover, a minimal affinization in this system corresponds to some cluster variable in some cluster algebra $\mathscr{A}$. For the other minimal affinizations of type $F_4$ which are not in this system, we give some conjectural equations which contains these minimal affinizations. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of dominant monomial graphs…
In this paper, we study the minimal affinizations over the quantum affine algebras of type $C_n$ by using the theory of cluster algebras. We show that the $q$-characters of a large family of minimal affinizations of type $C_n$ satisfy some systems of equations. These equations correspond to mutation equations of some cluster algebras. Furthermore, we show that the minimal affinizations in these equations correspond to cluster variables in these cluster algebras.
In this paper we generalize Drinfeld's twisted quantum affine algebras to construct twisted quantum algebras for all simply-laced generalized Cartan matrices and present their vertex representation realizations.
The aim of this paper is to study the graded limits of minimal affinizations over the quantum loop algebra of type $G_2$. We show that the graded limits are isomorphic to multiple generalizations of Demazure modules, and obtain defining relations of them. As an application, we obtain a polyhedral multiplicity formula for the decomposition of minimal affinizations of type $G_2$ as a $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$-module, by showing the corresponding formula for the graded limits.
Minimal affinizations form a class of modules of quantum affine algebras introduced by Chari. We introduce a system of equations satisfied by the $q$-characters of minimal affinizations of type $G_2$ which we call the M-system of type $G_2$. The M-system of type $G_2$ contains all minimal affinizations of type $G_2$ and only contains minimal affinizations. The equations in the M-system of type $G_2$ are three-term recurrence relations. The M-system of type $G_2$ is much simpler than the extended T-system of type $G_2$ obtained by Mukhin and the second author. We also interpret the three-term r…
In this paper we study general quantum affinizations $\U_q(\hat{\Glie})$ of symmetrizable quantum Kac-Moody algebras and we develop their representation theory. We prove a triangular decomposition and we give a classication of (type 1) highest weight simple integrable representations analog to Drinfel'd-Chari-Pressley one. A generalization of the q-characters morphism, introduced by Frenkel-Reshetikhin for quantum affine algebras, appears to be a powerful tool for this investigation. For a large class of quantum affinizations (including quantum affine algebras and quantum toroidal algebras), t…
Let g be a simple Lie algebra. We consider the category O-hat of those modules over the affine quantum group Uq(g-hat) whose Uq(g)-weights have finite multiplicity and lie in a finite union of cones generated by negative roots. We show that many properties of the category of the finite-dimensional representations naturally extend to the category O-hat. In particular, we develop the theory of q-characters and define the minimal affinizations of parabolic Verma modules. In types ABCFG we classify these minimal affinizations and conjecture a Weyl denominator type formula for their characters.
We introduce a category $\widehat{\mathcal{O}}_{\rm osc}$ of $q$-oscillator representations of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_n)$. We show that $\widehat{\mathcal{O}}_{\rm osc}$ has a family of irreducible representations, which naturally corresponds to finite-dimensional irreducible representations of quantum affine algebra of untwisted affine type $A$. It is done by constructing a category of $q$-oscillator representations of the quantum affine superalgebra of type $A$, which interpolates these two family of irreducible representations. The category $\widehat{\mathca…
Quantum toroidal algebras (or double affine quantum algebras) are defined from quantum affine Kac-Moody algebras by using the Drinfeld quantum affinization process. They are quantum groups analogs of elliptic Cherednik algebras (elliptic double affine Hecke algebras) to whom they are related via Schur-Weyl duality. In this review paper, we give a glimpse on some aspects of their very rich representation theory in the context of general quantum affinizations. We illustrate with several examples. We also announce new results and explain possible further developments, in particular on finite dime…
We define the double quantum affinization $\ddot{\mathrm{U}}_q(\mathfrak a_1)$ of type $\mathfrak{a}_1$ as a topological Hopf algebra. We prove that it admits a subalgebra $\ddot{\mathrm{U}}_q'(\mathfrak a_1)$ whose completion is (bicontinuously) isomorphic to the completion of the quantum toroidal algebra $\dot{\mathrm{U}}_q(\dot{\mathfrak a}_1)$, defined as the (simple) quantum affinization of the untwisted affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra $\dot{\mathfrak{sl}}_2$ of type $\dot{\mathfrak a}_1$, equipped with a certain topology inherited from its natural $\mathbb Z$-grading. The isomorphism is con…
Nakajima introduced the morphism of q,t-characters for finite dimensional representation of simply-laced quantum affine algebras : it is a t-deformation of the Frenkel-Reshetikhin's morphism of q-characters (sum of monomials in infinite variables). In math.QA/0212257 we generalized the construction of q,t-characters for non simply-laced quantum affine algebras. First in this paper we prove a conjecture of math.QA/0212257 : the monomials of q and q,t-characters of standard representations are the same in non simply-laced cases (the simply-laced cases were treated by Nakajima) and the coefficien…
We continue the study of extended T-systems of quantum affine algebras. We find a sub-system of the extended T-system of the quantum affine algebra $U_q \hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ of type $C_3$. The sub-system consisting of four systems which are denoted by I, II, III, and IV. Each of the systems I, II, III, IV is closed. The systems I-IV can be used to compute minimal affinizations with weights of the form $λ_1 ω_1 + λ_2 ω_2 + λ_3 ω_3$, where at least one of $λ_1$, $λ_2$, $λ_3$ are zero. Using the systems I-IV, we compute the characters of the restrictions of the minimal affinizations in the systems…
We introduce an affinization of the quantum Kac-Moody algebra associated to a symmetric generalized Cartan matrix. Based on the affinization, we construct a representation of the quantum Kac-Moody algebra by vertex operators from bosonic fields. We also obtain a combinatorial indentity about Hall-Littlewood polynomials.
In this survey, we shall be concerned with the category of finite-dimensional representations of the untwisted quantum affine algebras when the quantum parameter q is not a root of unity. We review the foundational results of the subject, including the Drinfeld presentation, the classification of simple modules and q-characters. We then concentrate on particular families of irreducible representations whose structure has recently been understood: Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules, minimal affinizations and beyond.
We study the properties of level zero modules over quantized affine algebras. The proof of the conjecture on the cyclicity of tensor products by Akasaka and the present author is given. Several properties of modules generated by extremal vectors are proved. The weights of a module generated by an extremal vector are contained in the convex hull of the Weyl group orbit of the extremalweight. The universal extremal weight module with level zero fundamental weight as an extremal weight is irreducible, and isomorphic to the affinization of an irreducible finite-dimensional module.
We study connections between the ring of symmetric functions and the characters of irreducible finite-dimensional representations of quantum affine algebras. We study two families of representations of the symplectic and orthogonal Lie algebras. One is defined via combinatorial properties and is easy to calculate; the other is closely related to the $q=1$ limit of the ``minimal affinization'' representations of quantum affine algebras. We conjecture that the two families are identical, and present supporting evidence and examples. In the special case of a highest weight that is a multiple of a…
The aim of this paper is two-fold: (1) introduce four systems of equations called M-systems and dual M-systems of types $A_{n}$ and $B_{n}$ respectively; (2) make a connection between M-systems (dual M-systems) and cluster algebras and prove that the Hernandez-Leclerc conjecture is true for minimal affinizations of types $A_n$ and $B_n$.
We prove a family of 3-term relations in the Grothendieck ring of the category of finite-dimensional modules over the affine quantum algebra of type $G_2$ extending the celebrated $T$-system relations of type $G_2$. We show that these relations can be used to compute classes of certain irreducible modules, including classes of all minimal affinizations of type $G_2$. We use this result to obtain explicit formulas for dimensions of all participating modules.
We construct by fusion product new irreducible representations of the quantum affinization $U_q(\hat{sl}_\infty)$. The action is defined via the Drinfeld coproduct and is related to the crystal structure of semi-standard tableaux of type $A_\infty$. We call these representations extremal loop weight modules. The main motivations are applications to quantum toroidal algebras $U_q(sl_{n+1}^{tor})$: we prove the conjectural link between $U_q(\hat{sl}_\infty)$ and $U_q(sl_{n+1}^{tor})$ stated in [14] for this family of representations. We recover in this way the extremal loop weight modules obtain…
We construct $2^n$-families of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation from $n$-products of three-dimensional $R$ and $L$ operators satisfying the tetrahedron equation. They are identified with the quantum $R$ matrices for the Hopf algebras known as generalized quantum groups. Depending on the number of $R$'s and $L$'s involved in the product, the trace construction interpolates the symmetric tensor representations of $U_q(A^{(1)}_{n-1})$ and the anti-symmetric tensor representations of $U_{-q^{-1}}(A^{(1)}_{n-1})$, whereas a boundary vector construction interpolates the $q$-oscillator represent…
Let $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{g}_{\bar 0}+\mathfrak{g}_{\bar 1}$ be a basic Lie superalgebra over $\mathbb{C}$, and $e$ a minimal nilpotent element in $\mathfrak{g}_{\bar 0}$. Set $W_χ'$ to be the refined $W$-superalgebra associated with the pair $(\mathfrak{g},e)$, which is called a minimal $W$-superalgebra. In this paper we present a set of explicit generators of minimal $W$-superalgebras and the commutators between them. In virtue of this, we show that over an algebraically closed field $\mathds{k}$ of characteristic $p\gg0$, the lower bounds of dimensions in the modular representations of ba…
Quantum toroidal algebras are obtained from quantum affine algebras by a further affinization, and, like the latter, can be used to construct integrable systems. These algebras also describe the symmetries of instanton partition functions for 5D $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric quiver gauge theories. We consider here the gauge theories defined on an orbifold $S^1\times\mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_p$ where the action of $\mathbb{Z}_p$ is determined by two integer parameters $(ν_1,ν_2)$. The corresponding quantum toroidal algebra is introduced as a deformation of the quantum toroidal algebra of $\mathf…
We present a generalization of the theory of quantum symmetric pairs as developed by Kolb and Letzter. We introduce a class of generalized Satake diagrams that give rise to (not necessarily involutive) automorphisms of the second kind of symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras $\mathfrak{g}$. These lead to right coideal subalgebras $B_{\mathbf{c},\mathbf{s}}$ of quantized enveloping algebras $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$. In the case that $\mathfrak{g}$ is a twisted or untwisted affine Lie algebra of classical type Jimbo found intertwiners (equivariant maps) of the vector representation of $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ …
We consider discrete minimal surface algebras (DMSA) as generalized noncommutative analogues of minimal surfaces in higher dimensional spheres. These algebras appear naturally in membrane theory, where sequences of their representations are used as a regularization. After showing that the defining relations of the algebra are consistent, and that one can compute a basis of the enveloping algebra, we give several explicit examples of DMSAs in terms of subsets of sl(n) (any semi-simple Lie algebra providing a trivial example by itself). A special class of DMSAs are Yang-Mills algebras. The repre…
For every odd p \geq 3, we investigate representation theory of the vertex algebra WW_{2,p} associated to (2,p) minimal models for the Virasoro algebras. We demonstrate that vertex algebras WW_{2,p} are C_2--cofinite and irrational. Complete classification of irreducible representations for WW_{2,3} is obtained, while the classification for p \geq 5 is subject to certain constant term identities. These identities can be viewed as "logarithmic deformations" of Dyson and Selberg constant term identities, and are of independent interest.
Using the language of vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and vector-valued modular forms we study the modular group representations and spaces of 1-point functions associated to intertwining operators for Virasoro minimal model VOAs. We examine all representations of dimension less than four associated to irreducible modules for minimal models, and determine when the kernel of these representations is a congruence or noncongruence subgroup of the modular group. Arithmetic criteria are given on the indexing of the irreducible modules for minimal models that imply the associated modular group repre…
Representations of $SO(5)_{q}$ can be constructed on bases such that either the Chevalley triplet $(e_{1},\;f_{1},\;h_{1})$ or $(e_{2},\;f_{2},\;h_{2})$ has the standard $SU(2)_{q}$ matrix elements. The other triplet in each cases has a more complicated action. The $q$-deformation of such representations present striking differences. In one case a {\bf non-minimal} deformation is found to be essential. This is explained and illustrated below. Broader interests of a parallel use of the two bases are pointed out.
A completely positive linear map $φ$ from a C*-algebra $A$ into $B(H)$ has a Stinespring representation as $φ(a) = X^*π(a)X,$ where $π$ is a *-representation of $A$ on a Hilbert space $K$ and $X$ is a bounded operator from $H$ to $K. $ Completely bounded multilinear operators on C*-algebras as well as some densely defined multilinear operators in Connes' non commutative geometry also have Stinespring representations of the form $$ Φ(a_1, \dots, a_k ) = X_0π_1(a_1)X_1 \dots π_k(a_k)X_k$$ such that each $a_i$ is in a *-algebra $A_i$ and $X_0, \dots X_k $ are densely defined closed operators betw…
