In this contributed presentation, we discuss and compare the mutually opposite procedures of deformations and contractions of Lie algebras. We suggest that with appropriate combinations of both procedures one may construct new Lie algebras. We first discuss low-dimensional Lie algebras and illustrate thereby that whereas for every contraction there exists a reverse deformation, the converse is not true in general. Also we note that some Lie algebras belonging to parameterized families are singled out by the irreversibility of deformations and contractions. After reminding that global deformations of the Witt, Virasoro, and affine Kac-Moody algebras allow one to retrieve Lie algebras of Krichever-Novikov type, we contract the latter to find new infinite dimensional Lie algebras.
For any Inonu-Wigner contraction of a three dimensional Lie algebra we construct the corresponding contractions of representations. Our method is quite canonical in the sense that in all cases we deal with realizations of the representations on some spaces of functions; we contract the differential operators on those spaces along with the representation spaces themselves by taking certain pointwise limit of functions. We call such contractions strong contractions. We show that this pointwise limit gives rise to a direct limit space. Many of these contractions are new and in other examples we g…
This note discusses recent new approaches to studying flopping curves on 3-folds. In a joint paper, the author and Michael Wemyss introduced a 3-fold invariant, the contraction algebra, which may be associated to such curves. It characterises their geometric and homological properties in a unified manner, using the theory of noncommutative deformations. Toda has now clarified the enumerative significance of the contraction algebra for flopping curves, calculating its dimension in terms of Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. Before reviewing these results, and others, I give a brief introduction to the …
We investigate here the confluence of singularities of Mathieu differential equation by means of the Lie algebra contraction of the Lie algebra of the motion group M(2) on the Heisenberg Lie algebra H(3). A similar approach for the Lamé equation in terms of the Lie algebra contraction of $SO_0(2,1)$ on the Lie algebra of the motion group M(2) is outlined.
Suppose that f is a projective birational morphism with at most one-dimensional fibres between d-dimensional varieties X and Y, satisfying ${\bf R}f_* \mathcal{O}_X = \mathcal{O}_Y$. Consider the locus L in Y over which f is not an isomorphism. Taking the scheme-theoretic fibre C over any closed point of L, we construct algebras $A_{fib}$ and $A_{con}$ which prorepresent the functors of commutative deformations of C, and noncommutative deformations of the reduced fibre, respectively. Our main theorem is that the algebras $A_{con}$ recover L, and in general the commutative deformations of neith…
We construct supercharacter theories for the finite groups constructed by parabolic constraction from simple groups of $A,B,C,D$ Lie types. In terms of rook placements in the root systems we classify supecharacters and superclasses.
We study the coadjoint representation of contractions of reductive Lie algebras associated with symmetric decompositions. Let $\frak g=\frak g_0\oplus \frak g_1$ be a symmetric decomposition of a reductive Lie algebra $\frak g$. Then the semi-direct product of $\frak g_0$ and the $\frak g_0$-module $\frak g_1$ is a contraction of $\frak g$. We conjecture that these contractions have many properties in common with reductive Lie algebras. In particular, it is proved that in many cases the algebra of invariants is polynomial. We also discuss the so-called "codim--2 property" for coadjoint represe…
We consider contractions of Lie and Poisson algebras and the behaviour of their centres under contractions. A polynomial Poisson algebra A=K[W] is said to be of Kostant type, if its centre Z(A) is freely generated by homogeneous polynomials F_1,...,F_r such that they give Kostant's regularity criterion on W (d_xF_i are linear independent if and only if the Poisson tensor has the maximal rank at x). If the initial Poisson algebra is of Kostant type and F_i satisfy a certain degree-equality, then the contraction is also of Kostant type. The general result is illustrated by two examples. Both are…
We develop tools for classification of contraction algebras and apply these to solve the problem on classification up to isomorphism of 8 and 9 dimensional algebras corresponding to 3-fold flops. We prove that there is only one up to isomorphism contraction algebra of dimension 8, and two algebras of dimension 9. The formulae for the dimension of algebra, depending on the type of the potential are obtained. In the second part of the paper we show that associated graded structure to brace and truss with appropriate descending ideal filtration is pre-Lie.
In this paper we study metric deformations of indecomposable metric Lie superalgebras with dimensions less or equal to 6. We consider formal deformations obtained by even cocycles, because the odd ones can not be used for constructing formal deformations.
For a general class of contractions of a variety X to a base Y, I discuss recent joint work with M. Wemyss defining a noncommutative enhancement of the locus in Y over which the contraction is not an isomorphism, along with applications to the derived symmetries of X. This note is based on a talk given at the Kinosaki Symposium in 2016.
We propose a general framework to contract unitary dual of Lie groups via holomorphic quantization of their co-adjoint orbits. The sufficient condition for the contractability of a representation is expressed via cocycles on coadjoint orbits. This condition is checked explicitly for the contraction of ${\mathrm SU}_2$ into $\mathbb{H}$. The main tool is the geometric quantization. We construct two types of contractions that can be implemented on every matrix Lie group with diagonal contraction matrix.
In this paper, we consider deformations of Lie 2-algebras via the cohomology theory. We prove that a 1-parameter infinitesimal deformation of a Lie 2-algebra $\g$ corresponds to a 2-cocycle of $\g$ with the coefficients in the adjoint representation. The Nijenhuis operator for Lie 2-algebras is introduced to describe trivial deformations. We also study abelian extensions of Lie 2-algebras from the viewpoint of deformations of semidirect product Lie 2-algebras.
The aim of this paper is to provide a cohomology of $n$-Hom-Lie color algebras governing one parameter formal deformations. Then, we study formal deformations of a $n$-Hom-Lie color algebra and introduce the notion of Nijenhuis operator on an $n$-Hom-Lie color algebra, which could give rise to infinitesimally trivial $(n-1)$-order deformations. Furthermore, in connection with Nijenhuis operators we introduce and discuss the notion of a product structure on $n$-Hom-Lie color algebras.
We consider deformations of finite or infinite dimensional Lie algebras over a field of characteristic 0. There is substantial confusion in the literature if one tries to describe all the non-equivalent deformations of a given Lie algebra. It is known that there is in general no "universal" deformation of the Lie algebra L with a commutative algebra base A with the property that for any other deformation of L with base B there exists a unique homomorphism f: A -> B that induces an equivalent deformation. Thus one is led to seek a "miniversal" deformation. For a miniversal deformation such a ho…
In this review article, first we give the concrete formulas of representations and cohomologies of associative algebras, Lie algebras, pre-Lie algebras, Leibniz algebras and 3-Lie algebras and some of their strong homotopy analogues. Then we recall the graded Lie algebras and graded associative algebras that characterize these algebraic structures as Maurer-Cartan elements. The corresponding Maurer-Cartan element equips the graded Lie or associative algebra with a differential. Then the deformations of the given algebraic structures are characterized as the Maurer-Cartan elements of the result…
Let $G$ be a connected semisimple algebraic group with Lie algebra $g$ and $P$ a parabolic subgroup of $G$ with $Lie(P)=p$. The parabolic contraction of $g$ is the semi-direct product of $p$ and a $p$-module $g/p$ regarded as an abelian ideal. We are interested in the polynomial invariants of the adjoint and coadjoint representations of $q$. In the adjoint case the algebra of invariants is easy to describe and turns out to be a graded polynomial algebra. The coadjoint case is more complicated. Here we found a connection between symmetric invariants of $q$ and symmetric invariants of centralise…
This article gives a brief introduction to some recent work on deformation and homotopy theories of Rota-Baxter operators and more generally $\mathcal{O}$-operators on Lie algebras, by means of the differential graded Lie algebra approach. It is further shown that these theories lift the existing connection between $\mathcal{O}$-operators and pre-Lie algebras to the levels of deformations and homotopy.
We study a contraction of the principal series representations of a noncompact semisimple Lie group to the unitary irreducible representations of its Cartan motion group by means of the Berezin-Weyl quantization on the coadjoint orbits associated with these representations.
This article explores some simple examples of L-infinity algebras and the construction of miniversal deformations of these structures. Among other things, it is shown that there are two families of nonequivalent L-infinity structures on a 1|1 dimensional vector space, two of which are Lie algebra structures. The main purpose of this work is to provide a simple effective procedure for constructing miniversal deformations, using the examples to illustrate the general technique. The same method can be applied directly to construct versal deformations of Lie algebras.
In this work it is considered the vector space composed by the infinitesimal deformations of the model $\mathbb{Z}_3$-filiform Lie algebra $L^{n,m,p}$. By using these deformations all the $\mathbb{Z}_3$-filiform Lie algebras can be obtained, hence the importance of these deformations. The results obtained in this work together to those obtained in [Integrable deformations of nilpotent color Lie superalgebras, J. Geom. Phys. 61(2011)1797-1808] and [Corrigendum to Integrable deformations of nilpotent color Lie superalgebras, J. Geom. Phys. 62(2012)1571], leads to compute the total dimension of t…
We study formal deformations of hom-Lie-Rinehart algebras. The associated deformation cohomology that controls deformations is constructed using multiderivations of hom-Lie-Rinehart algebras.
The deformation theory of Lie-Yamaguti algebras is developed by choosing a suitable cohomology. The relationship between the deformation and the obstruction of Lie-Yamaguti algebras is obtained.
In this work infinitesimal deformations of the model filiform $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$-color Lie superalgebra have been studied. All the filiform $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$-color Lie superalgebras can be obtained by means of infinitesimal deformations, hence the importance of these. Thus, in particular, we give a family of filiform $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$-color Lie superalgebras via linearly integrable deformations.
In this paper we introduce generalized Spencer cohomology for finite depth Z-graded Lie (super)algebras. We develop a method of finding filtered deformations of such Z-graded Lie (super)algebras based on this cohomology. As an application we determine all simple filtered deformations of certain Z-graded Lie superalgebras classified in [K3], thus completing the last step in the classification of simple infinite-dimensional linearly compact Lie superalgebras.
We classify kinematical Lie algebras in dimension $D \geq 4$. This is approached via the classification of deformations of the relevant static kinematical Lie algebra. We also classify the deformations of the universal central extension of the static kinematical Lie algebra in dimension $D\geq 4$. In addition we determine which of these Lie algebras admit an invariant inner product.
We present a deformation theory approach to the classification of kinematical Lie algebras in 3+1 dimensions and present calculations leading to the classifications of all deformations of the static kinematical Lie algebra and of its universal central extension, up to isomorphism. In addition we determine which of these Lie algebras admit an invariant symmetric inner product. Among the new results, we find some deformations of the centrally extended static kinematical Lie algebra which are extensions (but not central) of deformations of the static kinematical Lie algebra. This paper lays the g…
We consider deformations of left-invariant complex structures on simply connected semisimple compact Lie groups which are a priori non-invariant. Computing their cohomologies, we show that they are not actually biholomorphic to left-invariant (right-invariant) complex structures.
A cohomology theory of weighted Rota-Baxter $3$-Lie algebras is introduced. Formal deformations, abelian extensions, skeletal weighted Rota-Baxter $3$-Lie 2-algebras and crossed modules of weighted Rota-Baxter 3-Lie algebras are interpreted by using lower degree cohomology groups.
