R. Leplaideur, I. Rios
In this paper we consider horseshoes containing an orbit of homoclinic tangency accumulated by periodic points. We prove a version of the Invariant Manifolds Theorem, construct finite Markov partitions and use them to prove the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states associated to Hölder continuous potentials.
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We show that there are no partially hyperbolic horseshoes with positive Lebesgue measure for diffeomorphisms whose class of differentiability is higher than 1. This generalizes a classical result by Bowen for uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes.
We show that the non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes of Palis and Yoccoz occur in the standard family of area-preserving diffeomorphisms of the two-torus for a set of (large) parameters of positive Lebesgue measure.
We show that the Hausdorff dimension of stable sets of non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes is strictly smaller than two.
We derive some statistical properties for equilibrium states of partially hyperbolic horseshoes. We define a projection map associated to the horseshoe and prove a spectral gap for its transfer operator acting on the space of Hölder continuous observables. From this we deduce an exponential decay of correlations and a central limit theorem. We finally extend these results to the horseshoe.
We give extensions of Katok's horseshoe constructions, comment on related results, and provide a self-contained proof. We consider either a $C^{1+α}$ diffeomorphism preserving a hyperbolic measure or a $C^1$ diffeomorphism preserving a hyperbolic measure whose support admits a dominated splitting.
In this paper, we study ergodic features of invariant measures for the partially hyperbolic horseshoe at the boundary of uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms constructed in \cite{DHRS07}. Despite the fact that the non-wandering set is a horseshoe, it contains intervals. We prove that every recurrent point has non-zero Lyapunov exponents and all ergodic invariant measures are hyperbolic. As a consequence, we obtain the existence of equilibrium measures for any continuous potential. We also obtain an example of a family of $C^\infty$ potentials with phase transition.
We present here a construction of horseshoes for any $\mathcal{C}^{1+α}$ mapping $f$ preserving an ergodic hyperbolic measure $μ$ with $h_μ(f)>0$ and then deduce that the exponential growth rate of the number of periodic points for any $\mathcal{C}^{1+α}$ mapping $f$ is greater than or equal to $h_μ(f)$. We also prove that the exponential growth rate of the number of hyperbolic periodic points is equal to the hyperbolic entropy. The hyperbolic entropy means the entropy resulting from hyperbolic measures.
We prove existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states for a family of partially hyperbolic systems, with respect to Holder continuous potentials with small variation. The family comes from the projection, on the center-unstable direction, of a family of partially hyperbolic horseshoes introduced in [Díaz,L., Horita,V., Rios, I., Sambarino, M., Destroying horseshoes via heterodimensional cycles: generating bifurcations inside homoclinic classes, Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, 2009]. For the original three dimensional system, we consider potentials with small variation, constant on loca…
Non-hyperbolic ergodic measures and horseshoes in partially hyperbolic homoclinic classes
针对鲁棒非双曲传递微分同胚，本文证明其同宿类中每个遍历测度（含非双曲情形）均可由双曲集在弱*拓扑与熵意义下逼近。
We show that the stable and unstable sets of non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes arising in some heteroclinic bifurcations of surface diffeomorphisms have the value conjectured in a previous work by the second and third authors of the present paper. Our results apply to first heteroclinic bifurcations associated to horseshoes with Hausdorff dimension $<22/21$ of conservative surface diffeomorphisms.
Let $f$ be a $C^r$$(r>1)$ diffeomorphism of a compact Riemannian manifold $M$, preserving an ergodic hyperbolic measure $μ$ with positive entropy, and let $\mathcal{A}$ be a Hölder continuous cocycle of injective bounded linear operators acting on a Banach space $X$. We prove that there is a sequence of horseshoes for $f$ and dominated splittings for $\mathcal{A}$ on the horseshoes, such that not only the measure theoretic entropy of $f$ but also the Lyapunov exponents of $\mathcal{A}$ with respect to $μ$ can be approximated by the topological entropy of $f$ and the Lyapunov exponents of $\mat…
We study the hyperbolicity of a class of horseshoes exhibiting an internal tangency, i.e. a point of homoclinic tangency accumulated by periodic points. In particular these systems are strictly not uniformly hyperbolic. However we show that all the Lyapunov exponents of all invariant measures are uniformly bounded away from 0. This is the first known example of this kind.
Uniqueness of Equilibrium Measure for a Family of Partially Hyperbolic Horseshoes
本文针对[12]中部分双曲马蹄，分别用Sarig可数移位理论、非一致扩张映射限制等价性，证明两类含高变分势的平衡态唯一性，还验证了势在特殊不动点达上确界且小于压力时的唯一性。
The purpose of this article is to investigate geometric properties of the parameter locus of the Hénon family where the uniform hyperbolicity of a horseshoe breaks down. As an application, we obtain a variational characterization of equilibrium measures "at temperature zero" for the corresponding non-uniformly hyperbolic Hénon maps. The method of the proof also yields that the boundary of the hyperbolic horseshoe locus in the parameter space consists of two monotone pieces, which confirms a conjecture in [AI]. The proofs of these results are based on the machinery developed in [AI] which emplo…
This article is an expanded version of some notes for my talk at the ``Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems Workshop'' (from March 22 to March 25, 2012) held at the Department of Mathematics of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In the aforementioned talk, it was discussed some recent results on the fractal geometry of certain objects -- \emph{non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes} -- constructed by Jacob Palis and Jean-Christophe Yoccoz in their recent \emph{tour-de-force} work around \emph{heteroclinic bifurcations of surface diffeomorphisms}. The goal of the present article is t…
A mechanism for ejecting a horseshoe from a partially hyperbolic chain recurrence class
本文提出一种 $C^1$-扰动技术，用于在保留同宿/异宿交集的前提下，将给定周期点集从周期点的链回归类中弹出，并应用于三维部分双曲微分同胚设定。
We study a partially hyperbolic and topologically transitive local diffeomorphism $F$ that is a skew-product over a horseshoe map. This system is derived from a homoclinic class and contains infinitely many hyperbolic periodic points of different indices and hence is not hyperbolic. The associated transitive invariant set $Λ$ possesses a very rich fiber structure, it contains uncountably many trivial and uncountably many non-trivial fibers. Moreover, the spectrum of the central Lyapunov exponents of $F|_Λ$ contains a gap and hence gives rise to a first order phase transition. A major part of t…
A blender-horseshoe is a locally maximal transitive hyperbolic set that appears in dimension at least three carrying a distinctive geometrical property: its local stable manifold "behaves" as a manifold of topological dimension greater than the expected one (the dimension of the stable bundle). This property persists under perturbations turning this kind of dynamics an important piece in the global description of robust non-hyperbolic systems. In this paper, we consider a parameterized family of center-unstable Hénon-like of endomorphisms in dimension three and show how blender-horseshoes natu…
We prove the saturation of a generalized partially hyperbolic attractor of a $C^2$ map. As a consequence, we show that any generalized partially hyperbolic horseshoe-like attractor of a $C^1$-generic diffeomorphism has zero volume. In contrast, by modification of Poincaré cross section of the geometric model, we build a $C^1$-diffeomorphism with a partially hyperbolic horseshoe-like attractor of positive volume.
We study partially-hyperbolic skew-product maps over the Bernoulli shift with Hölder dependence on the base points. In the case of contracting fiber maps, symbolic blender-horseshoe is defined as an invariant set which meets any almost horizontal disk in a robust sense. These invariant sets are understood as blenders with center stable bundle of any dimension. We then give necessary conditions (covering property) on an iterated function system such that the relevant skew-product has a symbolic blender-horseshoe. We use this local plug to yield robustly non-hyperbolic transitive diffeomorphisms…
We prove that for every three-dimensional vector field, either it can be accumulated by Morse-Smale ones, or it can be accumulated by ones with a transverse homoclinic intersection of some hyperbolic periodic orbit in the $C^1$ topology.
The purpose of this paper is to advance the knowledge of the dynamics arising from the creation and subsequent bifurcation of Poincaré heteroclinic cycles. The problem is central to dynamics: it has to be addressed if, for instance, one aims at describing the typical orbit behaviour of a typical system, thus providing a global scenario for the ensemble of dynamical systems - see the Introduction and [P1, P2]. Here, we shall consider smooth, i.e. $C^\infty$, one-parameter families of dissipative, meaning non-conservative, surface diffeomorphisms. An hetereoclinic cycle may appear when the param…
Three-dimensional horseshoes near an unfolding of a Hopf-Hopf singularity
本文研究了Hopf-Hopf奇点分支附近$\mathbb{R}^4$中向量场的异宿环，通过首次返回映射证明了三维双曲马蹄及无穷多鞍型不变集的存在，并应用于Gaspard型分支。
We study the regularity of the entropy spectrum of the Lyapunov exponents for hyperbolic maps on surfaces. It is well-known that the entropy spectrum is a concave upper semi-continuous function which is analytic on the interior of the set Lyapunov exponents. In this paper we construct a family of horseshoes with a discontinuous entropy spectrum at the boundary of the set of Lyapunov exponents.
In this paper, we consider a smooth arc of diffeomorphisms which has a saddle-node bifurcation inside a nontrivial invariant set which is a deformation of a horseshoe. We show that this saddle-node bifurcation is isolated, that is, its hyperbolicity is maintained before and after the saddle-node bifurcation. Moreover we construct a $C^2$-open set of arcs having the same property.
We prove John Hubbard's conjecture on the topological complexity of the hyperbolic horseshoe locus of the complex Hénon map. Indeed, we show that there exist several non-trivial loops in the locus which generate infinitely many mutually different monodromies. Our main tool is a rigorous computational algorithm for verifying the uniform hyperbolicity of chain recurrent sets. In addition, we show that the dynamics of the real Hénon map is completely determined by the monodromy of a certain loop, providing the parameter of the map is contained in the hyperbolic horseshoe locus of the complex Héno…
We consider the family of quadratic Hénon diffeomorphisms of the plane ${\bf R}^2$. A map will be said to be a "horseshoe" if its restriction to the nonwandering set is hyperbolic and conjugate to the full 2-shift. We give a criterion for being a horseshoe based on an auxiliary coding which describes positions of points relative to the stable manifold of one of the fixed points. In addition we describe the topological conjugacy type of maps on the boundary of the horseshoe locus. We use complex techniques and we work with maps in a parameter region which is a 2-D analog of the familiar "${1\ov…
Stable manifolds, Horseshoes and Lyapunov exponents for $C^1$ diffeomorphisms without domination
本文提出了一种针对$C^1$微分同胚的非均匀超双曲理论，通过引入新的共振块，研究稳定流形、蛇形结构及李亚普诺夫指数的性质。
A new geometric criterion is derived for the existence of chaos in continuous-time autonomous systems in three-dimensional Euclidean spaces, where a type of Smale horseshoe in a subshift of finite type exists, but the intersection of stable and unstable manifolds of two points on a hyperbolic periodic orbit does not imply the existence of a Smale horseshoe of the same type on cross-sections of these two points. This criterion is based on the existence of a hyperbolic periodic orbit, differing from the classical equilibrium-based Shilnikov criterion and the condition of transversal homoclinic o…
Bohr chaoticity, semi-horseshoes and full-entropy abundance
本文证明具有半马尔可夫游动的动力系统具有Bohr混沌性，并展示了与非平凡权重相关联的点集具有正拓扑熵，进一步在经典代数和光滑设置及拓扑动力学的C^0-泛泛设置中应用。
Hyperbolicity of renormalization for maps with multiple breaks
本文在断点小且旋转数有界类型的条件下，为多重断点圆周映射构造双曲马蹄，并证明其刚性类为解析子流形。
Abundance of Smale's horseshoes and ergodic measures via multifractal analysis and various quantitative spectrums
本文结合密度、熵和多重分形分析研究遍历测度结构，证明了传递Anosov系统中遍历测度的稠密$G_δ$性质，建立了“多马蹄”熵稠密性质的一般框架，并推广至非双曲系统与多种定量谱分析。
Entropy properties of mostly expanding partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms
本文研究主要扩张的部分双曲微分同胚的熵性质，证明在极小强稳定叶状结构与一维中心丛条件下，其$C^1$邻域内拓扑熵连续且满足中间熵性质。
Takens' Last Problem and strong pluripotency
本文针对双曲不变集动力系统的强多重势能问题，提出了一种组合方法来识别Newhouse域中的强多重势能微分同胚，并证明了其$C^r$-鲁棒性，从而解决了Takens最后问题中的相关存在性证明。
We prove that the system resulting of coupling the standard map with a fast hyperbolic system is robustly non-uniformly hyperbolic.
In this paper, we study the Hausdorff dimension of the generalized intrinsic level set with respect to the given ergodic meausre in a class of non-uniformly hyperbolic interval maps with finitely many branches.
In this paper, we prove a criterion for the local ergodicity of non-uniformly hyperbolic symplectic maps with singularities. Our result is an extension of a theorem of Liverani and Wojtkowski.
We prove that, under a mild condition on the hyperbolicity of its periodic points, a map $g$ which is topologically conjugated to a hyperbolic map (respectively, an expanding map) is also a hyperbolic map (respectively, an expanding map). In particular, this result gives a partial positive answer for a question done by A. Katok, in a related context.
For non uniformly hyperbolic maps of the interval with exponential decay of correlations we prove that the law of closest return to a given point when suitably normalized is almost surely asymptotically exponential. A similar result holds when the reference point is the initial point of the trajectory. We use the framework for non uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems developed by L.S.Young.
Johansson, Jordan, Öberg and Pollicott ( Israel J. Math.(2010)) has studied the multifractal analysis of a class of one-dimensional non-uniformly hyperbolic systems, by introducing some new techniques, we extend the results to the case of high dimension.
We prove a multifractal formalism for Birkhoff averages of continuous functions in the case of some non-uniformly hyperbolic maps, which includes interval examples such as the Manneville--Pomeau map.
We prove that for a wide family of non-uniformly hyperbolic maps and hyperbolic potentials we have equilibrium stability, i.e. the equilibrium states depend continuously on the dynamics and the potential. For this we deduce that the topological pressure is continuous as a function of the dynamics and the potential. We also prove the existence of finitely many ergodic equilibrium states for non-uniformly hyperbolic skew products and hyperbolic Hölder continuous potentials. Finally we show that these equilibrium states vary continuously in the weak$^\ast$ topology within such systems.
This work constructs symbolic dynamics for non-uniformly hyperbolic surface maps with a set of discontinuities $D$. We allow the derivative of points nearby $D$ to be unbounded, of the order of a negative power of the distance to $D$. Under natural geometrical assumptions on the underlying space $M$, we code a set of non-uniformly hyperbolic orbits that do not converge exponentially fast to $D$. The results apply to non-uniformly hyperbolic planar billiards, e.g. Bunimovich stadia.
We study the multifractal analysis of dimension spectrum for almost additive potential in a class of one dimensional non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamic systems and prove that the irregular set has full Hausdroff dimension.
We construct countable Markov partitions for non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on compact manifolds of any dimension, extending earlier work of O. Sarig for surfaces. These partitions allow us to obtain symbolic coding on invariant sets of full measure for all hyperbolic measures whose Lyapunov exponents are bounded away from zero by a constant. Applications include counting results for hyperbolic periodic orbits, and structure of hyperbolic measures of maximal entropy.
We prove that generic fiber-bunched and Hölder continuous linear cocycles over a non-uniformly hyperbolic system endowed with a u-Gibbs measure have simple Lyapunov spectrum. This gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture proposed by Viana in the context of fiber-bunched cocycles.
We extend the results of arXiv:2206.08295v2 by showing that any homothety in $\mathbb T^2$ is homotopic to a non-uniformly hyperbolic ergodic area preserving map, provided that its degree is at least $5^2$. We also address other small topological degree cases not considered in the previous article. This proves the existence of a $\mathcal C^1$ open set of non-uniformly hyperbolic systems, that intersects essentially every homotopy classes in $\mathbb T^2$, where the Lyapunov exponents vary continuously.
In this paper we mainly deal with an invariant (ergodic) hyperbolic measure $μ$ for a diffeomorphism $f,$ assuming that $f$ is just $C^1$ and for $μ$ a.e. $x$, the sum of Oseledec spaces corresponding to negative Lyapunov exponents (quasi-limit-)dominates the sum of Oseledec spaces corresponding to positive Lyapunov exponents at $x$. We generalize a certain of results of Pesin theory from $C^{1+α}$ to the $C^1$ system $ (f,μ)$, including a sufficient condition for existence of horseshoe, Livshitz theorem, exponential growth of periodic points, distribution of periodic points, periodic measures…
In this article we prove that for a $C^{1+α}$ diffeomorphism on a compact Riemannian manifold, if there is a hyperbolic ergodic measure whose support is not uniformly hyperbolic, then the topological entropy of the set of irregular points that are not uniformly hyperbolic is larger than or equal to the metric entropy of the hyperbolic ergodic measure. In the process of proof, we give an abstract general mechanism to study topological entropy of irregular points provided that the system has a sequence of nondecreasing invariant compact subsets such that every subsystem has shadowing property an…
Measures of maximal entropy for non-uniformly hyperbolic maps
该研究探讨了非均匀超双曲映射中最大熵测度的唯一性和有限性，通过同宿类分析和多种不同模型的应用，证明了相关测度的有限性或唯一性。
A diffeomorphism $f$ has a $C^1$-robust homoclinic tangency if there is a $C^1$-neighbourhood $\cU$ of $f$ such that every diffeomorphism in $g\in \cU$ has a hyperbolic set $\La_g$, depending continuously on $g$, such that the stable and unstable manifolds of $\La_g$ have some non-transverse intersection. For every manifold of dimension greater than or equal to three, we exhibit a local mechanism (blender-horseshoes) generating diffeomorphisms with $C^1$-robust homoclinic tangencies. Using blender-horseshoes, we prove that homoclinic classes of $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms containing saddles …
We give an essentially equivalent formulation of the backward contracting property, defined by Juan Rivera-Letelier, in terms of expansion along the orbits of critical values, for complex polynomials of degree at least two which are at most finitely renormalizable and have only hyperbolic periodic points, as well as for all smooth interval maps with non-flat critical points.
This is a lightning introduction to some modern techniques used in the study of the statistical properties of hyperbolic dynamical systems. The emphasis is not in presenting a comprehensive theory but rather in fleshing out the main ideas in the simplest and fastest possible manner so that the reader can quickly get the intuition necessary to easily read the more technical (and more complete) accounts of the theory.
We present three examples to illustrate that in the continuation of a family of normally hyperbolic $C^1$ manifolds, the normal hyperbolicity may break down as the continuation parameter approaches a critical value even though the corresponding generalized Lyapunov-type numbers remain uniformly bounded below their critical values throughout the process. In the first example, a $C^1$ manifold still exists at the critical parameter value, but it is no longer normally hyperbolic. In the other two examples, at the critical parameter value the family of $C^1$ manifolds converges to a nonsmooth inva…
We prove a Livšic-type theorem for Hölder continuous and matrix-valued cocycles over non-uniformly hyperbolic systems. More precisely, we prove that whenever $(f,μ)$ is a non-uniformly hyperbolic system and $A:M \to GL(d,\mathbb{R}) $ is an $α$-Hölder continuous map satisfying $ A(f^{n-1}(p))\ldots A(p)=\text{Id}$ for every $p\in \text{Fix}(f^n)$ and $n\in \mathbb{N}$, there exists a measurable map $P:M\to GL(d,\mathbb{R})$ satisfying $A(x)=P(f(x))P(x)^{-1}$ for $μ$-almost every $x\in M$. Moreover, we prove that whenever the measure $μ$ has local product structure the transfer map $P$ is $α$-H…
We prove topological transitivity for the Weil Petersson geodesic flow for two-dimensional moduli spaces of hyperbolic structures. Our proof follows a new approach that exploits the density of singular unit tangent vectors, the geometry of cusps and convexity properties of negative curvature. We also show that the Weil Petersson geodesic flow has: horseshoes, invariant sets with positive topological entropy, and that there are infinitely many hyperbolic closed geodesics, whose number grows exponentially in length. Furthermore, we note that the volume entropy is infinite.
In this note, we obtain verifiable sufficient conditions for the extreme value distribution for a certain class of skew product extensions of non-uniformly hyperbolic base maps. We show that these conditions, formulated in terms of the decay of correlations on the product system and the measure of rapidly returning points on the base, lead to a distribution for the maximum of $Φ(p) = -\log(d(p, p_0))$ that is of the first type. In particular, we establish the Type I distribution for $S^1$ extensions of piecewise $C^2$ uniformly expanding maps of the interval, non-uniformly expanding maps of th…
We consider a wide family of non-uniformly expanding maps and hyperbolic Hölder continuous potentials. We prove that the unique equilibrium state associated to each element of this family is given by the eigenfunction of the transfer operator and the eigenmeasure of the dual operator (both having the spectral radius as eigenvalue). We show that the transfer operator has the spectral gap property in some space of Hölder continuous observables and from this we obtain an exponential decay of correlations and a central limit theorem for the equilibrium state. Moreover, we establish the analyticity…
We prove absolute continuity of "high entropy" hyperbolic invariant measures for smooth actions of higher rank abelian groups assuming that there are no proportional Lyapunov exponents. For actions on tori and infranilmanifolds existence of an absolutely continuous invariant measure of this kind is obtained for actions whose elements are homotopic to those of an action by hyperbolic automorphisms with no multiple or proportional Lyapunov exponents. In the latter case a form of rigidity is proved for certain natural classes of cocycles over the action.
We consider finite families of SL(2,R) matrices whose products display uniform exponential growth. These form open subsets of (SL(2,R))^N, and we study their components, boundary, and complement. We also consider the more general situation where the allowed products of matrices satisfy a Markovian rule.
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