It is well known that the only proper non-trivial norm-closed ideal in the algebra L(X) for X=\ell_p (1 \le p < \infty) or X=c_0 is the ideal of compact operators. The next natural question is to describe all closed ideals of L(\ell_p\oplus\ell_q) for 1 \le p,q < \infty, p \neq q, or, equivalently, the closed ideals in L(\ell_p,\ell_q) for p < q. This paper shows that for 1 < p < 2 < q < \infty there are at least four distinct proper closed ideals in L(\ell_p,\ell_q), including one that has not been studied before. The proofs use various methods from Banach space theory.
In this paper we first review the known results about the closed subideals of the space of bounded operator on $\ell_p\oplus \ell_q$, $1<p<q<\infty$, and then construct several new ones.
The unique maximal ideal in the Banach algebra $L(E)$, $E = (\oplus \ell^\infty(n))_{\ell^1}$, is identified. The proof relies on techniques developed by Laustsen, Loy and Read and a dichotomy result for operators mapping into $L^1$ due to Laustsen, Odell, Schlumprecht and Zsák.
We characterize the projectors $ P $ on a Banach space $ E $ having the property of being connected to all the others projectors obtained as a conjugation of $ P $. Using this characterization we show an example of Banach space where the conjugacy class of a projector splits into several path-connected components, and describe the conjugacy classes of projectors onto subspaces of $ \ell_p\oplus\ell_q $ with $ p\neq q $.
We prove that in the reflexive range $1<p<q<\infty$ the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $\ell_p\oplus\ell_q$ has infinitely many closed ideals. This solves a problem raised by A. Pietsch in his book `Operator ideals'.
A theorem of Giesy and James states that $c_0$ is finitely representable in James' quasi-reflexive Banach space $J_2$. We extend this theorem to the $p$th quasi-reflexive James space $J_p$ for each $p \in (1,\infty)$. As an application, we obtain a new closed ideal of operators on $J_p$, namely the closure of the set of operators that factor through the complemented subspace $(\ell_\infty^1 \oplus \ell_\infty^2 \oplus...\oplus \ell_\infty^n \oplus...)_{\ell_p}$ of $J_p$.
Our goal in this paper is to advance the state of the art of the topic of uniqueness of unconditional basis. To that end we establish general conditions on a pair $(\mathbb{X}, \mathbb{Y})$ formed by a quasi-Banach space $\mathbb{X}$ and a Banach space $\mathbb{Y}$ which guarantee that every unconditional basis of their direct sum $\mathbb{X}\oplus\mathbb{Y}$ splits into unconditional bases of each summand. As application of our methods we obtain that, among others, the spaces $H_p(\mathbb{T}^d) \oplus\mathcal{T}^{(2)}$ and $H_p(\mathbb{T}^d)\oplus\ell_2$, for $p\in(0,1)$ and $d\in\mathbb{N}$,…
We provide a new extension of Pitt's theorem for compact operators between quasi-Banach lattices, which permits to describe unconditional bases of finite direct sums of Banach spaces $\mathbb{X}_{1}\oplus\dots\oplus\mathbb{X}_{n}$ as direct sums of unconditional bases of its summands. The general splitting principle we obtain yields, in particular, that if each $\mathbb{X}_{i}$ has a unique unconditional basis (up to equivalence and permutation), then $\mathbb{X}_{1}\oplus \cdots\oplus\mathbb{X}_{n}$ has a unique unconditional basis too. Among the novel applications of our techniques to the st…
We prove thatthe Banach space $(\oplus_{n=1}^\infty \ell_p^n)_{\ell_q}$, which is isomorphic to certain Besov spaces, has a greedy basis whenever $1\leq p \leq\infty$ and $1<q<\infty$. Furthermore, the Banach spaces $(\oplus_{n=1}^\infty \ell_p^n)_{\ell_1}$, with $1<p\le \infty$, and $(\oplus_{n=1}^\infty \ell_p^n)_{c_0}$, with $1\le p<\infty$ do not have a greedy bases. We prove as well that the space $(\oplus_{n=1}^\infty \ell_p^n)_{\ell_q}$ has a 1-greedy basis if and only if $1\leq p=q\le \infty$.
We show that every unconditional basis in a finite direct sum $\bigoplus_{p\in A} \ell_p$, with $A\subset (0,\infty]$, splits into unconditional bases of each summand. This settles a 40 year old question raised in [A. Ortyński, Unconditional bases in $\ell_{p}\oplus\ell_{q},$ $0<p<q<1$, Math. Nachr. 103 (1981), 109-116]. As an application we obtain that for any $A\subset (0,1]$ finite, the spaces $Z=\bigoplus_{p\in A} \ell_p$, $Z\oplus \ell_{2}$, and $Z\oplus c_{0}$ have a unique unconditional basis up to permutation.
The main result is that the commutators on $\ell_1$ are the operators not of the form $λI + K$ with $λ\neq 0$ and $K$ compact. We generalize Apostol's technique (1972, Rev. Roum. Math. Appl. 17, 1513 - 1534) to obtain this result and use this generalization to obtain partial results about the commutators on spaces $\X$ which can be represented as $\displaystyle \X\simeq (\bigoplus_{i=0}^{\infty} \X)_{p}$ for some $1\leq p<\infty$ or $p=0$. In particular, it is shown that every compact operator on $L_1$ is a commutator. A characterization of the commutators on $\ell_{p_1}\oplus\ell_{p_2}\oplus.…
We present several operator and norm inequalities for Hilbert space operators. In particular, we prove that if $A_{1},A_{2},...,A_{n}\in {\mathbb B}({\mathscr H})$, then \[|||A_{1}A_{2}^{*}+A_{2}A_{3}^{*}+...+A_{n}A_{1}^{*}|||\leq|||\sum_{i=1}^{n}A_{i}A_{i}^{*}|||,\] for all unitarily invariant norms. We also show that if $A_{1},A_{2},A_{3},A_{4}$ are projections in ${\mathbb B}({\mathscr H})$, then &&|||(\sum_{i=1}^{4}(-1)^{i+1}A_{i})\oplus0\oplus0\oplus0|||&\leq&|||(A_{1}+|A_{3}A_{1}|)\oplus (A_{2}+|A_{4}A_{2}|)\oplus(A_{3}+|A_{1}A_{3}|)\oplus(A_{4}+|A_{2}A_{4}|)||| for any unitarily invaria…
We classify the closed ideals of bounded operators acting on the Banach spaces $\left(\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \ell_2^n\right)_{c_0} \oplus c_0(Γ)$ and $\left(\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \ell_2^n\right)_{\ell_1} \oplus \ell_1(Γ)$ for every uncountable cardinal $Γ$.
In this paper we study two types of collections of operators on a Banach space on the subject of forming operator ideals. One of the types allows us to construct an uncountable chain of closed ideals in each of the operator algebras $\mathcal{L}(\ell_1\oplus\ell_q)$, $1<q<\infty$, and $\mathcal{L}(\ell_1\oplus c_0)$. This finishes answering a longstanding question of Pietsch.
Suppose $X$ is a real or complexified Banach space containing a complemented copy of $\ell_p$, $p\in(1,2)$, and a copy (not necessarily complemented) of either $\ell_q$, $q\in(p,\infty)$, or $c_0$. Then $\mathcal{L}(X)$ and $\mathcal{L}(X^*)$ each admit continuum many closed ideals. If in addition $q\geq p'$, $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{p'}=1$, then the closed ideals of $\mathcal{L}(X)$ and $\mathcal{L}(X^*)$ each fail to be linearly ordered. We obtain additional results in the special cases of $\mathcal{L}(\ell_1\oplus\ell_q)$ and $\mathcal{L}(\ell_p\oplus c_0)$, $1<p<2<q<\infty$.
We prove that if $X$ is a subspace of $L_p$ $(2<p<\infty)$, then either $X$ embeds isomorphically into $\ell_p \oplus \ell_2$ or $X$ contains a subspace $Y,$ which is isomorphic to $\ell_p(\ell_2)$. We also give an intrinsic characterization of when $X$ embeds into $\ell_p \oplus \ell_2$ in terms of weakly null trees in $X$ or, equivalently, in terms of the "infinite asymptotic game" played in $X$. This solves problems concerning small subspaces of $L_p$ originating in the 1970's. The techniques used were developed over several decades, the most recent being that of weakly null trees developed…
Truncated Riesz spaces was first introduced by Fremlin in the context of real-valued functions. An appropriate axiomatization of the concept was given by Ball. Keeping only the first Ball's Axiom (among three) as a definition of truncated Riesz spaces, the first named author and El Adeb proved that if $E$ is truncated Riesz space then $E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ can be equipped with a non-standard structure of Riesz space such that $E$ becomes a Riesz subspace of $E\oplus\mathbb{R}$ and the truncation of $E$ is provided by meet with $1$. In the present paper, we assume that the truncated Riesz space $…
We show that if $\mathfrak{A}$ is a commutative complex non-unital Banach Algebra with norm $\|\cdot\|$, then $\|\cdot\|$ is regular on $\mathfrak{A}$ if and only if $\|\cdot\|_{op}$ is a norm on $\mathfrak{A}\oplus \mathbb{C}$ and $\mathfrak{A}\oplus\mathbb{C}$ is a commutative complex Banach Algebra with respect to $\|\cdot\|_{op}$.
A pair of Banach spaces $(E, F)$ is said to have the weak maximizing property (WMP, for short) if for every bounded linear operator $T$ from $E$ into $F$, the existence of a non-weakly null maximizing sequence for $T$ implies that $T$ attains its norm. This property was recently introduced in an article by R. Aron, D. García, D. Pelegrino and E. Teixeira, raising several open questions. The aim of the present paper is to contribute to the better knowledge of the WMP and its limitations. Namely, we provide sufficient conditions for a pair of Banach spaces to fail the WMP and study the behaviour…
This work introduces operator space analogues of the Separable Extension Property (SEP) for Banach spaces; the Complete Separable Extension Property (CSEP) and the Complete Separable Complemention Property (CSCP). The results use the technique of a new proof of Sobczyk's Theorem, which also yields new results for the SEP in the non-separable situation, e.g., $(\oplus_{n=1}^\infty Z_n)_{c_0}$ has the $(2+\ep)$-SEP for all $\ep>0$ if $Z_1,Z_2,...$ have the 1-SEP; in particular, $c_0 (\ell^\infty)$ has the SEP. It is proved that e.g., $c_0(\bR\oplus\bC)$ has the CSEP (where $\bR$, $\bC$ denote Ro…
We show that, if $E$ is a Banach space with a basis satisfying a certain condition, then the Banach algebra $\ell^\infty({\cal K}(\ell^2 \oplus E))$ is not amenable; in particular, this is true for $E = \ell^p$ with $p \in (1,\infty)$. As a consequence, $\ell^\infty({\cal K}(E))$ is not amenable for any infinite-dimensional ${\cal L}^p$-space. This, in turn, entails the non-amenability of ${\cal B}(\ell^p(E))$ for any ${\cal L}^p$-space $E$, so that, in particular, ${\cal B}(\ell^p)$ and ${\cal B}(L^p[0,1])$ are not amenable.
It is known that ${\cal B}(\ell^p)$ is not amenable for $p =1,2,\infty$, but whether or not ${\cal B}(\ell^p)$ is amenable for $p \in (1,\infty) \setminus \{2 \}$ is an open problem. We show that, if ${\cal B}(\ell^p)$ is amenable for $p \in (1,\infty)$, then so are $\ell^\infty({\cal B}(\ell^p))$ and $\ell^\infty({\cal K}(\ell^p))$. Moreover, if $\ell^\infty({\cal K}(\ell^p))$ is amenable so is $\ell^\infty(\mathbb{I},{\cal K}(E))$ for any index set $\mathbb I$ and for any infinite-dimensional ${\cal L}^p$-space $E$; in particular, if $\ell^\infty({\cal K}(\ell^p))$ is amenable for $p \in (1,…
We prove that Banach spaces $\ell_1\oplus_2\mathbb{R}$ and $X\oplus_\infty Y$, with strictly convex $X$ and $Y$, have plastic unit balls (we call a metric space plastic if every non-expansive bijection from this space onto itself is an isometry).
We study the lattice of closed ideals in the algebra of continuous linear operators acting on $p$th Tandori and $p'$th Cesàro sequence spaces, $1\leqslant p<\infty$, which we show are isomorphic to the classical sequence spaces $(\oplus_{n=1}^\infty\ell_\infty^n)_p$ and $(\oplus_{n=1}^\infty\ell_1^n)_{p'}$, respectively. We also show that Tandori sequence spaces are complemented in certain Lorentz sequence spaces, and that the lattice of closed ideals for certain other Lorentz and Garling sequence spaces has infinite cardinality.
In this work, firstly in the direct sum of Hilbert spaces of vector-functions $L^{2} (H,(-\infty,a_{1})) \oplus L^{2} (H,(a_{2},b_{2}))\oplus^{2} (H,(a_{3},+\infty))$, $- \infty<a_{1}<a_{2}<b_{2}<a_{3}<+\infty$ all normal extensions of the minimal operator generated by linear singular multipoint formally normal differential expression $l=(l_{1},l_{2},l_{3}),l_{k} = \frac{d}{dt}+A_{k}$ with a selfadjoint operator coefficient $A_k k=1,2,3$ in any Hilbert space $H$, are described in terms of boundary values. Later structure of the spectrum of these extensions is investigated.
We show that among all Musielak-Orlicz function spaces on a $σ$-finite non-atomic complete measure space equipped with either the Luxemburg norm or the Orlicz norm the only spaces with the Daugavet property are $L_1$, $L_{\infty}$, $L_1\oplus_1 L_{\infty}$ and $L_1\oplus_{\infty} L_{\infty}$. We obtain in particular complete characterizations of the Daugavet property in the weighted interpolation spaces, the variable exponent Lebesgue spaces (Nakano spaces) and the Orlicz spaces.
We prove that Schlumprecht space $S$ is isomorphic to $(\sum_{k=1}^\infty \oplus \ell_infty ^{n_k})_S $ for any sequence of integers $(n_k)$. We also show that every complemented subspace of $S$ which has some subsymmetric basis, is isomorphic to $S$.
We present a general method for constructing operators without non-trivial invariant closed subsets on a large class of non-reflexive Banach spaces. In particular, our approach unifies and generalizes several constructions due to Read of operators without non-trivial invariant subspaces on the spaces $\ell_{1}$, $c_{0}$ or $\oplus_{\ell_{2}}J$, and without non-trivial invariant subsets on $\ell_{1}$. We also investigate how far our methods can be extended to the Hilbertian setting, and construct an operator on a quasireflexive dual Banach space which has no non-trivial $w^{*}$-closed invariant…
We prove that the sequence spaces $\ell_p\oplus\ell_q$ and the spaces of infinite matrices $\ell_p(\ell_q)$, $\ell_q(\ell_p)$ and $(\bigoplus_{n=1}^\infty \ell_p^n)_{\ell_q}$, which are isomorphic to certain Besov spaces, have an almost greedy basis whenever $0<p<1<q<\infty$. More precisely, we custom-build almost greedy bases in such a way that the Lebesgue parameters grow in a prescribed manner. Our arguments critically depend on the extension of the Dilworth-Kalton-Kutzarova method from [S. J. Dilworth, N. J. Kalton, and D. Kutzarova, On the existence of almost greedy bases in Banach spaces…
We consider classical Tsirelson-type norms of $T[A_r,θ]$ and their modified versions on $\ell_p$ spaces. We show that for any $1<p<\infty$ there is a constant $λ_p$ such that considered Tsirelson-type norms do not $λ_p$-distort any of subspaces of $\ell_p$.
We show that $\ell_p$ norms are characterized as the unique norms which are both invariant under coordinate permutation and multiplicative with respect to tensor products. Similarly, the $L_p$ norms are the unique rearrangement-invariant norms on a probability space such that $\|X Y\|=\|X\|\cdot\|Y\|$ for every pair $X,Y$ of independent random variables. Our proof relies on Cramér's large deviation theorem.
We show that non of the spaces $(\bigoplus_{n=1}^\infty\ell_p)_{\ell_q}$, $1\le p\not= q<\infty$, have a greedy basis. This solves a problem raised by Dilworth, Freeman, Odell and Schlumprect. Similarly, the spaces $(\bigoplus_{n=1}^\infty\ell_p)_{c_0}$, $1\le p<\infty$, and $(\bigoplus_{n=1}^\infty c_o)_{\ell_q}$, $1\le q<\infty$, do not have greedy bases. It follows from that and known results that a class of Besov spaces on $\R^n$ lack greedy bases as well.
A fundamental inequality for Hilbert spaces is the $\ell_1-\ell_2$-norm inequality which gives that for any $x \in H^n$, $\|x\|_1\le \sqrt{n}\|x\|_2.$ But this is a strict inequality for all but vectors with constant modulus for their coefficients. We will give a trivial method to compute, for each x, the constant $c$ for which $\|x\|_1=c\sqrt{n}\|x\|_2.$ Since this inequality is one of the most used results in Hilbert space theory, we believe this will have unlimited applications in the field. We will also show some variations of this result.
