Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Alan Weinstein
We study the relative modular classes of Lie algebroids, and we determine their relationship with the modular classes of Lie algebroids with a twisted Poisson structure.
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Jacobi-Nijenhuis algebroids are defined as a natural generalization of Poisson-Nijenhuis algebroids, in the case where there exists a Nijenhuis operator on a Jacobi algebroid which is compatible with it. We study modular classes of Jacobi and Jacobi-Nijenhuis algebroids.
We study the behavior of the modular class of a Lie algebroid under general Lie algebroid morphisms by introducing the relative modular class. We investigate the modular classes of pull-back morphisms and of base-preserving morphisms associated to Lie algebroid extensions. We also define generalized morphisms, including Morita equivalences, that act on the 1-cohomology, and observe that the relative modular class is a coboundary on the category of Lie algebroids and generalized morphisms with values in the 1-cohomology.
For a Lie algebroid, divergences chosen in a classical way lead to a uniquely defined homology theory. They define also, in a natural way, modular classes of certain Lie algebroid morphisms. This approach, applied for the anchor map, recovers the concept of modular class due to S. Evans, J.-H. Lu, and A. Weinstein.
We propose a definition of Poisson quasi-Nijenhuis Lie algebroids as a natural generalization of Poisson quasi-Nijenhuis manifolds and show that any such Lie algebroid has an associated quasi-Lie bialgebroid. Therefore, also an associated Courant algebroid is obtained. We introduce the notion of a morphism of quasi-Lie bialgebroids and of the induced Courant algebroids morphism and provide some examples of Courant algebroid morphisms. Finally, we use paired operators to deform doubles of Lie and quasi-Lie bialgebroids and find an application to generalized complex geometry.
We extend R. Fernandes' construction of secondary characteristic classes of a Lie algebroid to the case of a base-preserving morphism between two Lie algebroids. Like in the case of a Lie algebroid, the simplest characteristic class of our construction coincides with the modular class of the morphism.
We introduce the concept of Loday algebroids, a generalization of Courant algebroids. We define the naive cohomology and modular class of a Loday algebroid, and we show that the modular class of the double of a Lie bialgebroid vanishes. For Courant algebroids, we describe the relation between the naive and standard cohomologies and we conjecture that they are isomorphic when the Courant algebroid is transitive.
We study VB-groupoids and VB-algebroids, which are vector bundles in the realm of Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids. Through a suitable reformulation of their definitions, we elucidate the Lie theory relating these objects, i.e., their relation via differentiation and integration. We also show how to extend our techniques to describe the more general Lie theory underlying double Lie algebroids and LA-groupoids.
We introduce Riemannian Lie algebroids as a generalization of Riemannian manifolds and we show that most of the classical tools and results known in Riemannian geometry can be stated in this setting. We give also some new results on the integrability of Riemannian Lie algebroids.
On Complex Lie Algebroids with Constant Real Rank
该研究为复李代数胚定义实元素分布与实秩不变量，推导常实秩下的实李代数胚、极小子复李代数胚及局部分解，还引入斜代数胚复匹配对刻画实向量丛复化上的所有复李代数胚结构。
In this paper, we develop the theory of Hom-Lie algebroids, Hom-Lie bialgebroids and Hom-Courant algebroids introduced by Cai, Liu and Sheng. Specifically, we introduce the notions of Hom-Poisson, Hom-Nijenhuis and Hom-Poisson-Nijenhuis structures on a Hom-Lie algebroid and the notion of Hom-Dirac structures on a Hom-Courant algebroid. We show that these structures satisfy similar properties to structures non "Hom-"version. For example, there exists the hierarchy of a Hom-Poisson-Nijenhuis structure and we have a relation between Hom-Dirac structures and Maurer-Cartan type equation. Moreover w…
We show that the path construction integration of Lie algebroids by Lie groupoids is an actual equivalence from the category of integrable Lie algebroids and complete Lie algebroid comorphisms to the category of source 1-connected Lie groupoids and Lie groupoid comorphisms. This allows us to construct an actual symplectization functor in Poisson geometry. We include examples to show that the integrability of comorphisms and Poisson maps may not hold in the absence of a completeness assumption.
We prove the existence of a local analytic Levi decomposition for analytic Poisson structures and Lie algebroids.
We show that well known structures on Lie algebroids can be viewed as Nijenhuis tensors or pairs of compatible tensors on Courant algebroids. We study compatibility and construct hierarchies of these structures.
We define an abstract notion of double Lie algebroid, which includes as particular cases: (1) the double Lie algebroid of a double Lie groupoid in the sense of the author, such as the iterated tangent bundle of an ordinary manifold, and various iterated tangent/cotangent constructions in symplectic and Poisson geometry; (2) the double of a Lie bialgebra; (3) the double of a matched pair, or twilled extension, of Lie algebras, and a corresponding construction for matched pairs of general Lie algebroids in the sense of Mokri and of J.-H. Lu. We prove that, given any abstract Lie bialgebroid, the…
Finite-Rank Lie Algebroids for Singular Foliations of Prescribed Vanishing Order
该研究构造了一族有限秩李代数胚，其锚映射可实现原点处指定消失阶向量场的奇异叶状结构，该构造源自一类左对称代数胚的次相邻李代数胚。
In this paper, we introduce the notion of modular class of a Lie algebroid $A$ equipped with a Nambu structure satisfying some suitable hypothesis. We also introduce cohomology and homology theories for such Lie algebroids and prove that these theories are connected by a duality isomorphism when the modular class is null.
We extend the notion of connection in order to be able to study singular geometric structures, namely, we consider a notion of connection on a Lie algebroid which is a natural extension of the usual concept of connection. Using connections, we are able to define holonomy of the orbit foliation of a Lie algebroid and prove a stability theorem. We also introduce secondary or exotic characteristic classes that generalize the modular class of a Lie algebroid.
We study the stability of singular points for smooth Poisson structures as well as general Lie algebroids. We give sufficient conditions for stability lying on the first (not necessarily linear) approximation of the given Poisson structure or Lie algebroid at a singular point. The main tools used here are the classical Lichnerowicz-Poisson cohomology and the deformation cohomology for Lie algebroids recently introduced by Crainic and Moerdijk. We also provide several examples of stable singular points of order $k \geq 1$ for Poisson structures and Lie algebroids. Finally, we apply our results …
We define hom-Lie algebroids, a definition that may seem cumbersome at first, but which is justified, first, by a one-to-one corespondence with hom-Gerstenhaber algebras, a notion that we also introduce, and several examples, including hom-Poisson structures.
Integrating Lie algebroids via stacks and applications to Jacobi manifolds
针对李代数胚无法总能积分成李群胚的问题，本文引入“温斯坦群胚”（类群胚公理的可微栈）解决其积分问题，并将结果应用于雅可比流形构造接触群胚，还拓展到预量子化等领域。
If $A$ is a Lie algebroid over a foliated manifold $(M,\mathcal{F})$, a foliation of $A$ is a Lie subalgebroid $B$ with anchor image $T\mathcal{F}$ and such that $A/B$ is locally equivalent with Lie algebroids over the slice manifolds of $\mathcal{F}$. We give several examples and, for foliated Lie algebroids, we discuss the following subjects: the dual Poisson structure and Vaintrob's super-vector field, cohomology and deformations of the foliation, integration to a Lie groupoid. In the last section, we define a corresponding notion of a foliation of a Courant algebroid $A$ as a bracket-close…
Comomentum sections and Poisson maps in Hamiltonian Lie algebroids
本文在哈密顿李代数胚中引入共动量截面概念，证明其诱导李代数胚态射，并推广了动量映射为泊松映射的经典结论，最终将动量截面重新解释为狄拉克态射。
In this thesis we study geometric structures from Poisson and generalized complex geometry with mild singular behavior using Lie algebroids. The process of lifting such structures to their Lie algebroid version makes them less singular, as their singular behavior is incorporated in the anchor of the Lie algebroid. We develop a framework for this using the concept of a divisor, which encodes the singularities, and show when structures exhibiting such singularities can be lifted to a Lie algebroid built out of the divisor. Once one has successfully lifted the structure, it becomes possible to st…
Reduction of Poisson manifolds with Hamiltonian Lie algebroids
本文提出了具有哈密顿李代数胚的Poisson流形的约化定理，通过引入相容动量截面概念并证明其为李代数同态，得出其零水平集商空间为Poisson流形。
This article addresses the problem of developing an extension of the Marsden- Weinstein reduction process to symplectic Lie algebroids, and in particular to the case of the symplectic cover of a fiberwise linear Poisson structure, whose reduction process is the analogue to cotangent bundle reduction in the context of Lie algebroids.
Several types of generically-nondegenerate Poisson structures can be effectively studied as symplectic structures on naturally associated Lie algebroids. Relevant examples of this phenomenon include log-, elliptic, $b^k$-, scattering and elliptic-log Poisson structures. In this paper we discuss topological obstructions to the existence of such Poisson structures, obtained through the characteristic classes of their associated symplectic Lie algebroids. In particular we obtain the full obstructions for surfaces to carry such Poisson structures.
The word `double' was used by Ehresmann to mean `an object X in the category of all X'. Double categories, double groupoids and double vector bundles are instances, but the notion of Lie algebroid cannot readily be doubled in the Ehresmann sense, since a Lie algebroid bracket cannot be defined diagrammatically. In this paper we use the duality of double vector bundles to define a notion of double Lie algebroid, and we show that this abstracts the infinitesimal structure (at second order) of a double Lie groupoid. We further show that the cotangent of either Lie algebroid in a Lie bialgebroid h…
We study the modular class of $Q$-manifolds, and in particular of negatively graded Lie $\infty$-algebroid. We show the equivalence of several descriptions of those classes, that it matches the classes introduced by various authors and that the notion is homotopy invariant. In the process, the adjoint and coadjoint actions up to homotopy of a Lie $\infty$-algebroid are spelled out. We also wrote down explicitly some dualities, e.g. between representations up to homotopies of Lie $\infty$-algebroids and their $Q$-manifold equivalent, which we hope to be of use for future reference.
We introduce the notion of the modular class of a Lie algebroid equipped with a Nambu structure. In particular, we recover the modular class of a Nambu-Poisson manifold $M$ with its Nambu tensor $Λ$ as the modular class of the tangent Lie algebroid $TM$ with Nambu structure $Λ.$ We show that many known properties of the modular class of a Nambu-Poisson manifold that of a Lie algebropid extend to the setting of a Lie algebroid with Nambu structure. Finally, we prove that for a large class of Nambu-Poisson manifolds considered as tangent Lie algebroids with Nambu structures, the associated modul…
We define a general notion of abstract double Lie algebroid. We show (1) that the double Lie algebroid of a double Lie groupoid is a double Lie algebroid in this sense; (2) that the double cotangent constructed from Lie algebroid structures on a vector bundle A and its dual A* is a double Lie algebroid if and only if (A, A*) is a Lie bialgebroid; (3) that a vacant double Lie algebroid structure is equivalent to a matched pair structure on the side Lie algebroids.
This paper has been withdrawn by UCHINO.
Skew algebroid is a natural generalization of the concept of Lie algebroid. In this paper, for a skew algebroid E, its modular class mod(E) is defined in the classical as well as in the supergeometric formulation. It is proved that there is a homogeneous nowhere-vanishing 1-density on E* which is invariant with respect to all Hamiltonian vector fields if and only if E is modular, i.e. mod(E)=0. Further, relative modular class of a subalgebroid is introduced and studied together with its application to holonomy, as well as modular class of a skew algebroid relation. These notions provide, in pa…
We show how to reduce, under certain regularities conditions, a Poisson-Nijenhuis Lie algebroid to a symplectic-Nijenhuis Lie algebroid with nondegenerate Nijenhuis tensor. We generalize the work done by Magri and Morosi for the reduction of Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds. The choice of the more general framework of Lie algebroids is motivated by the geometrical study of some reduced bi-Hamiltonian systems. An explicit example of reduction of a Poisson-Nijenhuis Lie algebroid is also provided.
This paper provides an alternative, much simpler, definition for Li-Bland's LA-Courant algebroids, or Poisson Lie 2-algebroids, in terms of split Lie 2-algebroids and self-dual 2-representations. This definition generalises in a precise sense the characterisation of (decomposed) double Lie algebroids via matched pairs of 2-representations. We use the known geometric examples of LA-Courant algebroids in order to provide new examples of Poisson Lie 2-algebroids, and we explain in this general context Roytenberg's equivalence of Courant algebroids with symplectic Lie 2-algebroids. We study furthe…
A hom-Lie algebroid is a vector bundle together with a Lie algebroid like structure which is twisted by a homomorphism. In this paper we use the idea of representations up to homotopy of Lie algebroids to construct a same structure for hom-Lie algebroids and we will explain how representations up to homotopy of length 1 are related to extensions of hom-Lie algebroids.
We give a new proof of the equivalence between the existence of a complete action of a Lie algebroid on a surjective submersion and its integrability. The main tools in our approach are double Lie groupoids and multiplicative foliations, our proof relies on a simple characterization of those vacant double Lie groupoids which induce a Lie groupoid structure on their orbit spaces.
In this paper, we investigate families of singular holomorphic Lie algebroids on complex analytic spaces. We introduce and study a special type of deformation called unfoldings of Lie algebroids, which generalizes the theory of singular holomorphic foliations developed by T. Suwa. We show that a one to one correspondence between transversal unfoldings and holomorphic flat connections on a natural Lie algebroid on the bases exists.
Almost Lie algebroids are generalizations of Lie algebroids, when the Jacobiator is not necessary null. A simple example is given, for which a Lie algebroid bracket or a Courant bundle is not possible for the given anchor, but a natural extension of the bundle and the new anchor allows a Lie algebroid bracket. A cohomology and related characteristic classes of an almost Lie algebroid are also constructed. We prove that these characteristic classes are all pull-backs of the characteristic classes of the base space, as in the case of a Lie algebroid.
The modular vector field of a Poisson-Nijenhuis Lie algebroid $A$ is defined and we prove that, in case of non-degeneracy, this vector field defines a hierarchy of bi-Hamiltonian $A$-vector fields. This hierarchy covers an integrable hierarchy on the base manifold, which may not have a Poisson-Nijenhuis structure.
We develop a theory of Lie algebroids over differentiable stacks that extends the standard theory of Lie algebroids over manifolds. In particular we show that Lie algebroids satisfy descent for submersions, define the category of Lie algebroids over a differentiable stack, construct a cohomology theory for these objects, and explain the relation to the theory of $\mathcal{LA}$-groupoids. We construct a number of examples.
We define Lie and Courant algebroids on Fréchet manifolds. Moreover, we construct a Dirac structure on the generalized tangent bundle of a Fréchet manifold and show that it inherits a Fréchet Lie algebroid structure. We show that the Lie algebroid cohomology of the $\bb$-cotangent bundle Lie algebroid of a weakly symplectic Fréchet manifold $M$ is the Lichnerowicz-Poisson cohomology of $M$.
Constructions of $3$-Lie algebroids
本文通过由有限族微分算子和对偶截面生成的联络，研究李代数胚和$3$-李代数胚的构造，给出判定条件并应用于泊松李代数胚。
We define covariant Lie derivatives acting on vector-valued forms on Lie algebroids and study their properties. This allows us to obtain a concise formula for the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket on Lie algebroids.
The core diagram of a double Lie algebroid consists in the core of the double Lie algebroid, together with the two core-anchor maps to the sides of the double Lie algebroid. If these two core anchors are surjective, then the double Lie algebroid and its core diagram are called transitive. This paper establishes an equivalence between transitive double Lie algebroids, and transitive core diagrams over a fixed base manifold. In other words, it proves that a transitive double Lie algebroid is completely determined by its core diagram. The comma double Lie algebroid associated to a morphism of Lie…
We first define the concept of Lie algebroid in the convenient setting. In reference to the finite dimensional context, we adapt the notion of prolongation of a Lie algebroid over a fibred manifold to a convenient Lie algebroid over a fibred manifold. Then we show that this construction is stable under projective and direct limits under adequate assumptions.
We show that every Lie algebroid $A$ over a manifold $P$ has a natural representation on the line bundle $Q_A = \wedge^{top}A \otimes \wedge^{top} T^*P$. The line bundle $Q_A$ may be viewed as the Lie algebroid analog of the orientation bundle in topology, and sections of $Q_A$ may be viewed as transverse measures to $A$. As a consequence, there is a well-defined class in the first Lie algebroid cohomology $H^1(A)$ called the modular class of the Lie algebroid $A$. This is the same as the one introduced earlier by Weinstein using the Poisson structure on $A^*$. We show that there is a natural …
A VB-algebroid is essentially defined as a Lie algebroid object in the category of vector bundles. There is a one-to-one correspondence between VB-algebroids and certain flat Lie algebroid superconnections, up to a natural notion of equivalence. In this setting, we are able to construct characteristic classes, which in special cases reproduce characteristic classes constructed by Crainic and Fernandes. We give a complete classification of regular VB-algebroids, and in the process we obtain another characteristic class of Lie algebroids that does not appear in the ordinary representation theory…
First, we extend the notion of second order differential equations (SODE) on a smooth manifold to anchored Banach vector bundles. Then we define the Banach Lie algebroids as Lie algebroids structures modeled on anchored Banach vector bundles and prove that they form a category.
Cartan-Lie algebroids, i.e. Lie algebroids equipped with a compatible connection, permit the definition of an adjoint representation, on the fiber as well as on the tangent of the base. We call (positive) quadratic Lie algebroids, Cartan-Lie algebroids with ad-invariant (Riemannian) metrics on their fibers and base $κ$ and $g$, respectively. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive quadratic Lie algebroid to integrate to a Riemmanian Cartan-Lie groupoid. Here we mean a Cartan-Lie groupoid $\mathcal{G}$ equipped with a bi-invariant and inversion invariant metric $η$ o…
We prove that direct limits of finite dimensional Lie algebroids and their prolongations can be endowed with structures of convenient spaces.
Given a G-structure with connection satisfying a regularity assumption we associate to it a classifying Lie algebroid. This algebroid contains all the information about the equivalence problem and is an example of a G-structure Lie algebroid. We discuss the properties of this algebroid, the G-structure groupoids integrating it and the relationship with Cartan's realization problem.
The Chern-Simons forms for R-linear connections on Lie algebroids are considered. A generalized Chern-Simons formula for such R-linear connections is obtained. We it apply to define Chern character and secondary characteristic classes for R-linear connections of Lie algebroids.
We show that double Lie algebroids, together with a chosen linear splitting, are equivalent to pairs of 2-term representations up to homotopy satisfying compatibility conditions which extend the notion of matched pair of Lie algebroids. We discuss in detail the tangent of a Lie algebroid.
A class of metrizable vector bundles in the general framework of generalized Lie algebroids have been presented in the eight reference. Using a generalized Lie algebroid we obtain the Lie algebroid generalized tangent bundle of a vector bundle. This Lie algebroid is a new example of metrizable vector bundle. A new class of Lagrange spaces, called by use, generalized Lagrange (ρ?;η?)-space, Lagrange (ρ?;η?)-space and Finsler (ρ?;η?)-space are presented. In the particular case of Lie algebroids, new and important results are presented. In particular, if all morphisms are identities morphisms, th…
Considering prolongation of a Lie algebroid equipped with a spray, defining some classical tensors, we show that a Lie symmetry of a spray is a curvature collineation for these tensors.
We define involution algebroids which generalise Lie algebroids to the abstract setting of tangent categories. As a part of this generalisation the Jacobi identity which appears in classical Lie theory is replaced by an identity similar to the Yang-Baxter equation. Every classical Lie algebroid has the structure of an involution algebroid and every involution algebroid in a tangent category admits a Lie bracket on the sections of its underlying bundle. As an illustrative application we take the first steps in developing the homotopy theory of involution algebroids.
The author presents the generalized Stokes theorem for R-linear forms on Lie algebroids (which can be non-local). We apply the Stokes formula on forms to prove that two homotopic homomorphisms of Lie algebroids implies the existence of a chain operator joining their pullback operators.
Horizontal endomorphisms, almost complex structures, vertical, horizontal and complete lifts on prolongation of a Lie algebroid are considered. Then using exact sequences, semisprays are constructed. Moreover, important geometrical objects such as classical distinguished connections, torsions and partial curvatures are studied on prolongation of Lie algebroids. Considering pullback bundle, covariant derivatives are scrutinized based on anchor map. Several Finsler geometry models on Lie algebroid structures, will organized via recent arguments. Finally, it will be overhaulled some special Finsl…
In this paper, first we give a detailed study on the structure of a transitive Lie 2-algebroid and describe a transitive Lie 2-algebroid using a morphism from the tangent Lie algebroid TM to a strict Lie 3-algebroid constructed from derivations. Then we introduce the notion of a quadratic Lie 2-algebroid and define its first Pontryagin class, which is a cohomology class in H^5(M). Associated to a CLWX 2-algebroid, there is a quadratic Lie 2-algebroid naturally. Conversely, we show that the first Pontryagin class of a quadratic Lie 2-algebroid is the obstruction class of the existence of a CLWX…
Lie Algebroids
本文概述了李代数胚及其作为李群胚无穷小对应物的角色。
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