In this paper we establish results on the existence of nontangential limits for weighted $\Cal A$-harmonic functions in the weighted Sobolev space $W_w^{1,q}(\Bbb B^n)$, for some $q>1$ and $w$ in the Muckenhoupt $A_q$ class, where $\Bbb B^n$ is the unit ball in $\Bbb R^n$. These results generalize the ones in section \S3 of [KMV], where the weight was identically equal to one.
Weighted $\Cal A$-harmonic functions are weak solutions of the partial differential equation $$\text{div}(\Cal A(x,\nabla u))=0,$$ where $αw(x) |ξ|^{q} \le < \Cal A(x,ξ),ξ>\le βw(x) |ξ|^{q}$ for some fixed $q\in (1,\infty)$, where $0<α\leq β<\infty$, and $w(x)$ is a $q$-admissible weight as in Chapter 1 in [HKM].
Later, we apply these results to improve on results of Koskela, Manfredi and Villamor [KMV] and Martio and Srebro [MS] on the existence of radial limits for bounded quasiregular mappings in the unit ball of $\Bbb R^n$ with some growth restriction on their multiplicity function.
We study images of the unit ball under certain special classes of quasiregular mappings. For homeomorphic, i.e., quasiconformal mappings problems of this type have been studied extensively in the literature. In this paper we also consider non-homeomorphic quasiregular mappings. In particular, we study (topologically) closed quasiregular mappings originating from the work of J. Väisälä and M. Vuorinen in 1970's. Such mappings need not be one-to-one but they still share many properties of quasiconformal mappings. The global behavior of closed quasiregular mappings is similar to the local behavio…
We survey the recent developments in the theory of quasireg- ular mappings in metric spaces. In particular, we study the geometric porosity of the branch set of quasiregular mappings in general metric measure spaces, and then, introduce the various natural definitions of quasiregular mappings in general metric measure spaces, and give con- ditions under which they are quantitatively equivalent.
Growth type theorems of harmonic $(K,K_{0})$-quasiregular mappings
Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangxi, Guangxi Normal University（广西师范大学应用数学中心）；College of Mathematics and Statistics, Hengyang Normal University（衡阳师范学院数学与统计学院）
We first investigate the Lipschitz continuity of $(K, K')$-quasiregular $C^2$ mappings between two Jordan domains with smooth boundaries, satisfying certain partial differential inequalities concerning Laplacian. Then two applications of the obtained result are given: As a direct consequence, we get the Lipschitz continuity of $ρ$-harmonic $(K, K')$-quasiregular mappings, and as the other application, we study the Lipschitz continuity of $(K,K')$-quasiconformal self-mappings of the unit disk, which are the solutions of the Poisson equation $Δw=g$. These results generalize and extend several re…
We prove that a family of quasiregular mappings of a domain $Ω$ which are uniformly bounded in $L^p$ for some $p>0$ form a normal family. From this we show how an elliptic estimate on a functional differences implies all directional derivatives, and thus the complex gradient to be quasiregular. Consequently the function enjoys much higher regularity than apriori assumptions suggest.
We show that if the maximum modulus of a quasiregular mapping f grows sufficiently rapidly then there exists a non-empty escaping set I(f) consisting of points whose forward orbits under iteration tend to infinity. This set I(f) has an unbounded component but, in contrast to the case of entire functions on the complex plane, the closure of I(f) may have a bounded component.
Suppose $p\geq1$, $w=P[F]$ is a harmonic mapping of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ satisfying $F$ is absolutely continuous and $\dot{F}\in L^p(0, 2π)$, where $\dot{F}(e^{it})=\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}F(e^{it})$. In this paper, we obtain Bergman norm estimates of the partial derivatives for $w$, i.e., $\|w_z\|_{L^p}$ and $\|\overline{w_{\bar{z}}}\|_{L^p}$, where $1\leq p<2$. Furthermore, if $w$ is a harmonic quasiregular mapping of $\mathbb{D}$, then we show that $w_z$ and $\overline{w_{\bar{z}}}$ are in the Hardy space $H^p$, where $1\leq p\leq\infty$. The corresponding Hardy norm estimates, …
Quasiregular maps are differentiable almost everywhere maps which are analogous to holomorphic maps in the plane for higher real dimensions. Introduced by Gutlyanskii et al, the infinitesimal space is a generalization of the notion of derivatives for quasiregular maps. Evaluation of all elements in the infinitesimal space at a particular point is called the orbit space. We prove that any compact connected subset of $\R^n\setminus\{0\}$ can be realized as an orbit space of a quasiconformal map. To that end, we construct analogues of logarithmic spiral maps and interpolation between radial stret…
We establish a rescaling theorem for isolated essential singularities of quasiregular mappings. As a consequence we show that the class of closed manifolds receiving a quasiregular mapping from a punctured unit ball with an essential singularity at the origin is exactly the class of closed quasiregularly elliptic manifolds, that is, closed manifolds receiving a non-constant quasiregular mapping from a Euclidean space.
In this paper, we investigate the Bohr radius for $K$-quasiregular sense-preserving harmonic mappings $f=h+\overline{g}$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ such that the translated analytic part $h(z)-h(0)$ is quasi-subordinate to some analytic function. The main aim of this article is to extend and to establish sharp versions of four recent theorems by Liu and Ponnusamy \cite{LP2019} and, in particular, we settle affirmatively the two conjectures proposed by them. Furthermore, we establish two refined versions of Bohr's inequalities and determine the Bohr radius for the derivatives of analytic fun…
Beardon and Minda gave a characterization of normal families of holomorphic and meromorphic functions in terms of a locally uniform Lipschitz condition. Here, we generalize this viewpoint to families of mappings in higher dimensions that are locally uniformly continuous with respect to a given modulus of continuity. Our main application is to the normality of families of quasiregular mappings through a locally uniform Hölder condition. This provides a unified framework in which to consider families of quasiregular mappings, both recovering known results of Miniowitz, Vuorinen and others, and y…
We define Hardy spaces $\mathcal{H}^p$ for quasiregular mappings in the plane, and show that for a particular class of these mappings many of the classical properties that hold in the classical setting of analytic mappings still hold. This particular class of quasiregular mappings can be characterised in terms of composition operators when the symbol is quasiconformal. Relations between Carleson measures and Hardy spaces play an important role in the discussion. This program was initiated and developed for Hardy spaces of quasiconformal mappings by Astala and Koskela in 2011 in their paper $\m…
It is well-known that the Julia set J(f) of a rational map is uniformly perfect; that is, every ring domain which separates J(f) has bounded modulus, with the bound depending only on f. In this article we prove that an analogous result is true in higher dimensions; namely, that the Julia set J(f) of a uniformly quasiregular mapping f in R^n is uniformly perfect. In particular, this implies that the Julia set of a uniformly quasiregular mapping has positive Hausdorff dimension.
We investigate the rate of convergence of the iterates of an n-dimensional quasiregular mapping within the basin of attraction of a fixed point of high local index. A key tool is a refinement of a result that gives bounds on the distortion of the image of a small spherical shell. This result also has applications to the rate of growth of quasiregular mappings of polynomial type, and to the rate at which the iterates of such maps can escape to infinity.
This paper studies linear classes of planar quasiregular mappings. We give a positive answer to a conjecture of K. Astala, T. Iwaniec, and G. Martin (2009) on reduced Beltrami equations. Moreover, we use it to prove a Wronsky-type theorem for general linear Beltrami systems. This is a key to show that the associated Beltrami equation of a linear quasiregular family is unique.
A theorem of Ritt states the a linearizer of a holomorphic function at a repelling fixed point is periodic only if the holomorphic map is conjugate to a power of $z$, a Chebyshev polynomial or a Lattès map. The converse, except for some exceptions, is also true. In this paper, we prove the analogous statement in the setting of strongly automorphic quasiregular mappings and uniformly quasiregular mappings in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Along the way, we characterize the possible automorphy groups that can arise via crystallographic orbifolds and a use of the Poincaré conjecture. We further give a classific…
Recall that the Hilbert (Riemann-Hilbert) boundary value problem for the Beltrami equations was recently solved for general settings in terms of nontangential limits and principal asymptotic values. Here it is developed a new approach making possible to obtain new results on tangential limits in multiply connected domains. It is shown that the spaces of the found solutions have the infinite dimension for prescribed families of Jordan arcs terminating in almost every boundary point. We give also applications of results obtained by us for the Beltrami equations to the boundary value problems of …
We give a version of Gromov's compactess theorem for pseudoholomorphic curves in the case of quasiregular mappings between closed manifolds. More precisely we show that, given $K\ge 1$ and $D\ge 1$, any sequence $(f_n \colon M \to N)$ of $K$-quasiregular mappings of degree $D$ between closed Riemannian $d$-manifolds has a subsequence which converges to a $K$-quasiregular mapping $f\colon X\to N$ of degree $D$ on a nodal $d$-manifold $X$.
Complex dynamics deals with the iteration of holomorphic functions. As is well- known, the first functions to be studied which gave non-trivial dynamics were quadratic polynomials, which produced beautiful computer generated pictures of Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set. In the same spirit, this article aims to study the dynamics of the simplest non-trivial quasiregular mappings. These are mappings in R^2 which are a composition of a quadratic polynomial and an affine stretch.
We construct a quasiregular analogue of the function $z\exp(z)$ in dimension 3, which gives the first explicit example of a quasiregular mapping of transcendental type that has exactly one zero. We then modify the construction to create a family of such quasiregular mappings and study their dynamics. From this, we also construct the first quasimeromorphic mappings with an essential singularity at infinity where the backward orbit of infinity is non-empty and finite.
Quasiregular mappings $f:Ω\subset\R^{n}\to \R^{n}$ are a natural generalization of analytic functions from complex analysis and provide a theory which is rich with new phenomena. In this paper we extend a well-known result of A.~Chang and D.~Marshall on exponential integrability of analytic functions in the disk, to the case of quasiregular mappings defined in the unit ball of $\R^n$. To this end, we first establish an ``egg-yolk'' principle for such maps, which extends a recent result of the first author. Our work leaves open an interesting problem regarding $n$-harmonic functions.
We consider accumulation of periodic points in local uniformly quasiregular dynamics. Given a local uniformly quasiregular mapping $f$ with a countable and closed set of isolated essential singularities and their accumulation points on a closed Riemannian manifold, we show that points in the Julia set are accumulated by periodic points. If, in addition, the Fatou set is non-empty and connected, the accumulation is by periodic points in the Julia set itself. We also give sufficient conditions for the density of repelling periodic points.
We show that all the common definitions of quasiregular mappings $f\colon M\to N$ between two equiregular subRiemannian manifolds of homogeneous dimension $Q\geq 2$ are quantitatively equivalent with precise dependences of the quasiregularity constants. As an immediate consequence, we obtain that if $f$ is $1$-quasiregular according to one of the definitions, then it is also $1$-quasiregular according to any other definition. In particular, this recovers a recent theorem of Capogna et al. on the equivalence of $1$-quasiconformal mappings. Our main results answer affirmatively a few open questi…
This article concerns the iteration of quasiregular mappings on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and entire functions on $\mathbb{C}$. It is shown that there are always points at which the iterates of a quasiregular map tend to infinity at a controlled rate. Moreover, an asymptotic rate of escape result is proved that is new even for transcendental entire functions. Let $f:\mathbb{R}^d\to\mathbb{R}^d$ be quasiregular of transcendental type. Using novel methods of proof, we generalise results of Rippon and Stallard in complex dynamics to show that the Julia set of $f$ contains points at which the iterates $f^n$ …
This article studies the iterative behaviour of a quasiregular mapping S:\R^d\to\R^d that is an analogue of a sine function. We prove that the periodic points of S form a dense subset of \R^d. We also show that the Julia set of this map is \R^d in the sense that the forward orbit under S of any non-empty open set is the whole space \R^d. The map S was constructed by Bergweiler and Eremenko who proved that the escaping set I(S) is also dense in \R^d.
The classical Painlevé theorem tells that sets of zero length are removable for bounded analytic functions, while (some) sets of positive length are not. For general $K$-quasiregular mappings in planar domains the corresponding critical dimension is $\frac{2}{K+1}$. We show that when $K>1$, unexpectedly one has improved removability. More precisely, we prove that sets $E$ of $σ$-finite Hausdorff $\frac{2}{K+1}$-measure are removable for bounded $K$-quasiregular mappings. On the other hand, $\dim(E) = \frac{2}{K+1}$ is not enough to guarantee this property. We also study absolute continuity pro…
We construct a new type of locally homeomorphic quasiregular mappings in the 3-sphere and discuss their relation to the M.A.Lavrentiev problem, the Zorich map with an essential singularity at infinity, the Fatou's problem and a quasiregular analogue of domains of holomorphy in complex analysis. The construction of such mappings comes from our construction of non-trivial compact 4-dimensional cobordisms $M$ with symmetric boundary components and whose interiors have complete 4-dimensional real hyperbolic structures. Such locally homeomorphic quasiregular mappings are defined in the 3-sphere $S^…
We use our new type of bounded locally homeomorphic quasiregular mappings in the unit 3-ball to address long standing problems for such mappings. The construction of such mappings comes from our construction of non-trivial compact 4-dimensional cobordisms $M$ with symmetric boundary components and whose interiors have complete 4-dimensional real hyperbolic structures. Such bounded locally homeomorphic quasiregular mappings are defined in the unit 3-ball $B^3\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ as mappings equivariant with the standard conformal action of uniform hyperbolic lattices $Γ\subset \operatorname{Is…
Let $f\colon M \to M$ be a uniformly quasiregular self-mapping of a compact, connected, and oriented Riemannian $n$-manifold $M$ without boundary, $n\ge 2$. We show that, for $k \in \{0,\ldots, n\}$, the induced homomorphism $f^* \colon H^k(M;\mathbb{R}) \to H^k(M;\mathbb{R})$, where $H^k(M;\mathbb{R})$ is the $k$:th singular cohomology of $M$, is complex diagonalizable and the eigenvalues of $f^*$ have modulus $(\mathrm{deg}\ f)^{k/n}$. As an application, we obtain a degree restriction for uniformly quasiregular self-mappings of closed manifolds. In the proof of the main theorem, we use a Sob…
Let $α\in(0,1)$, $K\geq 1$, and $d=2\frac{1+αK}{1+K}$. Given a compact set $E\subset\C$, it is known that if $\H^d(E)=0$ then $E$ is removable for $α$-Hölder continuous $K$-quasiregular mappings in the plane. The sharpness of the index $d$ is shown with the construction, for any $t>d$, of a set $E$ of Hausdorff dimension $\dim(E)=t$ which is not removable. In this paper, we improve this result and construct compact nonremovable sets $E$ such that $0<\H^d(E)<\infty$. For the proof, we give a precise planar $K$-quasiconformal mapping whose Hölder exponent is strictly bigger than $\frac{1}{K}$, a…
We introduce a certain integrability condition for the reciprocal of the Jacobian determinant which guarantees the local homeomorphism property of quasiregular mappings with a small inner dilatation. This condition turns out to be sharp in the planar case. We also show that every branch point of a quasiregular mapping with a small inner dilatation is a Lebesgue point of the differential matrix of the mapping.
