Liang Shen, Jianlong Chen
Let $R$ be a ring, a right ideal $I$ of $R$ is called small if for every proper right ideal $K$ of $R$, $I+K\neq R$. A ring $R$ is called right small injective if every homomorphism from a small right ideal to $R_{R}$ can be extended to an $R$-homomorphism from $R_{R}$ to $R_{R}$. Properties of small injective rings are explored and several new characterizations are given for $QF$ rings and $PF$ rings, respectively.
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It is shown that each almost maximal valuation ring R such that every indecomposable injective module is countably generated, satisfies the following condition (C): each fp-injective module is locally injective. The converse holds if R is a domain. Moreover, it is proved that a valuation ring that sastisfies this condition (C) is almost maximal.
We introduce and investigate ss-injectivity as a generalization of both soc-injectivity and small injectivity. A module M is said to be ss-N-injective (where N is a module) if every R-homomorphism from a semisimple small submodule of N into M extends to N. A module M is said to be ss-injective (resp. strongly ss-injective), if M is ss-R-injective (resp. ss-N-injective for every right R-module N). Some characterizations and properties of (strongly) ss-injective modules and rings are given. Some results of Amin, Yuosif and Zeyada on soc-injectivity are extended to ss-injectivity. Also, we provid…
It is proved that localizations of injective $R$-modules of finite Goldie dimension are injective if $R$ is an arithmetical ring satisfying the following condition: for every maximal ideal $P$, $R_P$ is either coherent or not semicoherent. If, in addition, each finitely generated $R$-module has finite Goldie dimension, then localizations of finitely injective $R$-modules are finitely injective too. Moreover, if $R$ is a Prüfer domain of finite character, localizations of injective $R$-modules are injective.
It is not known whether right CF-rings (FGF-rings) are right artinian (quasi-Frobenius). This paper gives a positive answer of this question in the case of weak CS (s-CS) and GC2 rings. Also we get some new results on almost injective rings.
It is proved that the localization of an injective module E, over a valuation ring R, at a prime ideal J, is injective if J is not the subset of zero-divisors of R or if J or E is flat. It follows that localizations of injective modules over h-local Prüfer domains are injective too.
It is proved that localizations of injective $R$-modules of finite Goldie dimension are injective if $R$ is an arithmetical ring satisfying the following condition: for every maximal ideal $P$, $R_P$ is either coherent or not semicoherent. If, in addition, each finitely generated $R$-module has finite Goldie dimension, then localizations of finitely injective $R$-modules are finitely injective too. Moreover, if $R$ is a Prüfer domain of finite character, localizations of injective $R$-modules are injective.
The classes of FP-injective and weakly quasi-Frobenius rings are investigated. The properties for both classes of rings are closely linked with embedding of finitely presented modules in fp-flat and free modules respectively. Using these properties, we describe the classes of coherent CF and FGF-rings. Moreover, it is proved that the group ring R(G) is FP-injective (resp. weakly quasi-Frobenius) if and only if the ring R is FP-injective (resp. weakly quasi-Frobenius) and the group G is locally finite.
It is proved, among other results, that a prime right nonsingular ring (in particular, a simple ring) $R$ is right self-injective if $R_R$ is invariant under automorphisms of its injective hull. This answers two questions raised by Singh and Srivastava, and Clark and Huynh. An example is given to show that this conclusion no longer holds when prime ring is replaced by semiprime ring in the above assumption. Also shown is that automorphism-invariant modules are precisely pseudo-injective modules, answering a recent question of Lee and Zhou. Furthermore, rings whose cyclic modules are automorphi…
Some remarks on injective envelopes on ring extensions
本文研究环扩张上的 $(R, S)_\star$-内射模及其包络的存在性，并证明当基环 $S$ 为纯半单环时，每个 $R$-模都具有 $(R, S)$-内射包络。
Let $M_R$ be an injective right module over a ring $R$. The goal of this paper to prove that the endomorphism ring $S=(M_R)$ of $M$ is quasi-duo if and only if $M_R$ is square-free.
In this paper, we develop structure theory for graded regular graded self-injective rings and apply it in the context of Leavitt path algebras. We show that for a finite graph, graded regular graded self-injective Leavitt path algebras are of graded type I and these are precisely graded $Σ$-$V$ Leavitt path algebras.
One of the many equivalent formulation of the Köthe's conjecture is the assertion that there exists no ring which contains two nil right ideals whose sum is not nil. We discuss several consequences of an observation that if the Koethe conjecture fails then there exists a counterexample in the form of a countable local subring of a suitable self-injective prime (von Neumann) regular ring.
A ring $R$ is called right $\aleph_{0}$-injective if every homomorphism from a countably generated right ideal of $R$ to $R_{R}$ can be extended to a homomorphism from $R_{R}$ to $R_{R}$. In this note, some characterizations of $\aleph_{0}$-injective rings are given. It is proved that if $R$ is semilocal, then $R$ is right $\aleph_{0}$-injective if and only if every homomorphism from a countably generated small right ideal of $R$ to $R_{R}$ can be extended to one from $R_{R}$ to $R_{R}$. It is also shown that if $R$ is right noetherian and left $\aleph_{0}$-injective, then $R$ is \emph{QF}. Th…
We study injective hulls of simple modules over differential operator rings $R[θ; d]$, providing necessary conditions under which these modules are locally Artinian. As a consequence we characterize Ore extensions of $S=K[x][θ;σ, d]$ for $d$ a $K$-linear derivation and $σ$ a $K$-linear automorphism of $K[x]$ such that injective hulls of simple $S$-modules are locally Artinian.
Rings whose mininjective modules are injective
本文刻画了极小内射模均为内射的环，证明其等价于每个极小平坦模均投射的诺特环，并研究了Kasch、交换及拟Frobenius情形，以及上三角矩阵环的充要条件，还构造了贫乏模的新例子。
If $\hat{R} is the pure-injective hull of a valuation ring $R$, it is proved that $\hat{R}\otimes\_RM$ is the pure-injective of $M$, for each finitely generated module $M$. Moreover, $\hat{R}\otimes\_RM\simeq\oplus\_{1\leq k\leq n}\hat{R}/A\_k\hat{R}$, where $A\_1,...,A\_n$ is the annihilator sequence of $M$. The pure-injective hulls of uniserial or polyserial modules are also investigated. Any two pure-composition series of a countably generated polyserial module are isomorphic.
A module is called coneat injective if it is injective with respect to all coneat exact sequences. The class of such modues is enveloping and falls properly between injectives and pure injectives. Generalizations of coneat injectivity, like relative coneat injectivity and full invariance of a module in its coneat injective envelope, are studied. Using properties of such classes of modules, we characterize certain types of rings like von Neumann regular and right SF-rings. For instance, R is a right SF-ring if and only if every coneat injective left R-module is injective.
Every automorphism-invariant right non-singular $A$-module is injective if and only if the factor ring of the ring $A$ with respect to its right Goldie radical is a right strongly semiprime ring.
Recently, in a series of papers "simple" versions of direct-injective and direct-projective modules have been investigated. These modules are termed as "simple-direct-injective" and "simple-direct-projective", respectively. In this paper, we give a complete characterization of the aforementioned modules over the ring of integers and over semilocal rings. The ring is semilocal if and only if every right module with zero Jacobson radical is simple-direct-projective. The rings whose simple-direct-injective right modules are simple-direct-projective are fully characterized. These are exactly the l…
We describe rings over which every right module is almost injective. We give a description of rings over which every simple module is a almost projective.
It was proved independently by both Wolfson [An ideal theoretic characterization of the ring of all linear transformations, Amer. J. Math. 75 (1953), 358-386] and Zelinsky [Every Linear Transformation is Sum of Nonsingular Ones, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 5 (1954), 627-630] that every linear transformation of a vector space $V$ over a division ring $D$ is the sum of two invertible linear transformations except when $V$ is one-dimensional over $\mathbb Z_2$. This was extended by Khurana and Srivastava [Right self-injective rings in which each element is sum of two units, J. Algebra and its Appl., V…
On the rings whose injective right modules are max-projective
本文在局部环、半局部右半遗传环等更一般环类上刻画了极大QF环，证明了右几乎QF性与右极大QF性非左右对称且对商环不封闭，并由此引出对所有商环均为几乎QF和极大QF的环的研究。
Let $R$ be a right and left Ore ring, $S$ its set of regular elements and $Q = R[S^{-1}] = [S^{-1}] R$ the classical ring of quotients of $R$. We prove that if F.dim$(Q_Q) = 0$, then the following conditions are equivalent: $(i)$ Flat right $R$-modules are strongly flat. $ (ii)$ Matlis-cotorsion right $R$-modules are Enochs-cotorsion. $(iii) $ $h$-divisible right $R$-modules are weak-injective. $(iv)$ Homomorphic images of weak-injective right $R$-modules are weak-injective. $(v)$ Homomorphic images of injective right $R$-modules are weak-injective. $(vi)$ Right $R$-modules of weak dimension $…
For a given class of modules $\mathcal{A}$, we denote by $\widetilde{\mathcal{A}}$ the class of exact complexes $X$ having all cycles in $\mathcal{A}$, and by $dw(\mathcal{A})$ the class of complexes $Y$ with all components $Y_j$ in $\mathcal{A}$. We use the notations $\mathcal{GI}$ $(\mathcal{GF}, \mathcal{GP})$ for the class of Gorenstein injective (Gorenstein flat, Gorenstein projective respectively) $R$-modules, $\mathcal{DI}$ for Ding injective modules, and $\mathcal{PGF}$ for projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules (see section 2 for definitions). We prove that the following are …
A torsion theoretical characterization of left Noetherian rings $R$ over which injective hulls of simple left modules are locally Artinian is given. Sufficient conditions for a left Noetherian ring to satisfy this finiteness condition are obtained in terms of torsion theories.
$\textbf{Theorem 1.3.}$ For a given ring $A$ with right Goldie radical $G(A_A)$, the following conditions are equivalent. $\textbf{1)}$ Every non-singular right $A$-module $X$ which is is injective with respect to some essential right ideal of the ring $A$ is an injective module. $\textbf{2)}$ $A/G(A_A)$ is a right strongly semiprime ring. $\textbf{Theorem 1.4.}$ For a given ring $A$, the following conditions are equivalent. $\textbf{1)}$ $A$ is a right strongly semiprime ring. $\textbf{2)}$ Every right $A$-module which is injective with respect to some essential right ideal of the ring $A$, i…
We use the type theory for rings of operators due to Kaplansky to describe the structure of modules that are invariant under automorphisms of their injective envelopes. Also, we highlight the importance of Boolean rings in the study of such modules. As a consequence of this approach, we are able to further the study initiated by Dickson and Fuller regarding when a module invariant under automorphisms of its injective envelope is invariant under any endomorphism of it. In particular, we find conditions for several classes of noetherian rings which ensure that modules invariant under automorphis…
$\mathcal{X}$-Gorenstein projective and $\mathcal{Y}$-Gorenstein injective modules over tensor rings
本文研究了张量环上$\mathcal{X}$-Gorenstein投射和$\mathcal{Y}$-Gorenstein注入模的性质，并给出了相关模的特征化结果及应用。
Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules over trivial ring extensions
本文通过引入广义相容与广义余相容双模，给出了平凡环扩张上Gorenstein投射、内射和平坦模的显式刻画，并应用于具有零双模同态的Morita context环。
We prove that the class of Gorenstein injective modules is both enveloping and covering over a two sided noetherian ring such that the character modules of Gorenstein injective modules are Gorenstein flat. In the second part of the paper we consider the connection between the Gorenstein injective modules and the strongly cotorsion modules. We prove that when the ring R is commutative noetherian of finite Krull dimension, the class of Gorenstein injective modules coincides with that of strongly cotorsion modules if and only if the ring R is in fact Gorenstein.
In this paper, we focus on $n$-syzygy modules and the injective cogenerator determined by the minimal injective resolution of a noether ring. We study the properties of $n$-syzygy modules and a category $R_n(\mod R)$ which includes the category consisting of all $n$-syzygy modules and their applications on Auslander-type rings. Then, we investigate the injective cogenerators determined by the minimal injective resolution of $R$. We show that $R$ is Gorenstein with finite self-injective dimension at most $n$ if and only if $\id R\leq n$ and $\fd \bigoplus_{i=0}^n I_i(R)< \infty$. Some known res…
A ring $R$ is called a J-regular ring if R/J(R) is von Neumann regular, where J(R) is the Jacobson radical of R. It is proved that if R is J-regular, then (i) R is right n-injective if and only if every homomorphism from an $n$-generated small right ideal of $R$ to $R_{R}$ can be extended to one from $R_{R}$ to $R_{R}$; (ii) R is right FP-injective if and only if R is right (J, R)-FP-injective. Some known results are improved.
Injective generation for graded rings
本文研究分次环的内射生成，将其归结为 Morita 语境环的情形，并给出张量环与平凡扩张环的充要条件，最终证明有限维代数扭张量积的内射生成。
For a given class of R-modules Q, a module M is called Q-copure Baer injective if any map from a Q-copure left ideal of R into M can be extended to a map from R into M. Depending on the class Q, this concept is both a dualization and a generalization of pure Baer injectivity. We show that every module can be embedded as Q-copure submodule of a Q-copure Baer injective module. Certain types of rings are characterized using properties of Q-copure Baer injective modules. For example a ring R is Q-coregular if and only if every Q-copure Baer injective R-module is injective.
The injective spectrum is a topological space associated to a ring $R$, which agrees with the Zariski spectrum when $R$ is commutative noetherian. We consider injective spectra of right noetherian rings (and locally noetherian Grothendieck categories) and establish some basic topological results and a functoriality result, as well as links between the topology and the Krull dimension of the ring (in the sense of Gabriel and Rentschler). Finally, we use these results to compute a number of examples.
Rings whose indecomposable modules are pure-projective or pure-injective
本文刻画了所有不可分解模均为纯投射或纯内射的环类，证明了诺特局部交换环情形等价于阿廷赋值环或特定秩条件的离散赋值域，并将一般交换环情形归结为 clean 算术环及其局部化条件。
In this paper, the notion of strongly G_C-projective and injective modules is introduced, where C is a semidualizing module. Using these modules we can obtain a new characterization of G_C-projective and injective modules, similar to the one of projective modules by the free modules. We then define and study the global dimensions of rings relative to a semidualizing module C, and prove that the global G_C-projective dimension of a ring R is equal to the global G_C-injective dimension of R.
Separative von Neumann regular rings exist in abundance. For example, all regular self-injective rings, unit regular rings, regular rings with a polynomial identity are separative. It remains open whether there exists a non-separative regular ring. In this note, we study a variety of conditions under which a von Neumann regular ring is separative. We show that a von Neumann regular ring $R$ is separative under anyone of the following cases: {\it (1)} $R$ is CS; {\it (2)} $R$ is pseudo injective (auto-injective); {\it (3)} $R$ satisfies the closure extension property: the essential closures in …
We find a bound for the Goldie dimension of hereditary modules in terms of the cardinality of the generator sets of its quasi-injective hull. Several consequences are deduced. In particular, it is shown that every right hereditary module with countably generated quasi-injective hull is noetherian. Or that every right hereditary ring with finitely generated injective hull is artinian, thus answering a long standing open question posed by Dung, Gomez Pardo and Wisbauer.
Let $R$ be a ring, and $n$ a fixed nonnegative integer. An $R$-module $W$ is called $L_{n}$-injective if ${\rm Ext}_{R}^{1}(M,W)=0$ for any $R$-module $M$ with flat dimension at most $n$. In this paper, we prove first that ($\mathcal{F}_{n},\mathcal{L}_{n}$) is a complete hereditary cotorsion theory, where $\mathcal{F}_n$ (resp. $\mathcal{L}_n$) denotes the class of all $R$-modules with flat dimension at most $n$ (resp. $L_{n}$-injective $R$-modules). Then we introduce the $L_{n}$-injective dimension of a module and $L_n$-global dimension of a ring. Finally, over rings with weak global dimensi…
Right orthogonal class of pure projective modules over pure hereditary rings
本文研究纯遗传环上纯投射模类$\u2113$对应的$\u2113$-内射模，证明其预包络、上预解的存在性及上分解性，刻画了相关维数等式与包络的等价条件，并给出半单阿廷环下的维数性质。
In this paper, we describe the structure of the localization of Ext^{i}_{R}(R/P,M), where P is a prime ideal and M is a module, at certain Ore sets X. We first study the situation for FBN rings, and then consider matters for a large class of Auslander-Gorenstein rings. We need to impose suitable homological regularity conditions to get results in the more general situation. The results obtained are then used to study the shape of minimal injective resolutions of modules over noetherian rings.
It is proved that every commutative ring whose RD-injective modules are $Σ$-RD-injective is the product of a pure semi-simple ring and a finite ring. A complete characterization of commutative rings for which each artinian (respectively simple) module is RD-injective, is given. These results can be obtained by using the properties of RD-flat modules and RD-coflat modules which are respectively the RD-relativization of flat modules and fp-injective modules. It is also shown that a commutative ring is perfect if and only if each RD-flat module is RD-projective.
We introduce what is meant by an AC-Gorenstein ring. It is a generalized notion of Gorenstein ring which is compatible with the Gorenstein AC-injective and Gorenstein AC-projective modules of Bravo-Gillespie-Hovey. It is also compatible with the notion of $n$-coherent rings introduced by Bravo-Perez: So a $0$-coherent AC-Gorenstein ring is precisely a usual Gorenstein ring in the sense of Iwanaga, while a $1$-coherent AC-Gorenstein ring is precisely a Ding-Chen ring. We show that any AC-Gorenstein ring admits a stable module category that is compactly generated and is the homotopy category of …
Automatic additivity for injective Jordan semi-triple maps on structural matrix rings over division rings
本文研究除环上结构矩阵环中的单射Jordan半三重映射，给出其自动可加性的判定准则，并刻画了两种障碍情形及可加情况下的映射形式。
Let $T=\biggl(\begin{matrix} A&0\\ U&B \end{matrix}\biggr)$ be a formal triangular matrix ring, where $A$ and $B$ are rings and $U$ is a $(B, A)$-bimodule. We prove that: (1) If $U_A$ and $_B U$ have finite flat dimensions, then a left $T$-module $\biggl(\begin{matrix} M_1\\ M_2\end{matrix}\biggr)_{φ^M}$ is Ding projective if and only if $M_1$ and $M_2/{\rm im}(φ^M)$ are Ding projective and the morphism $φ^M$ is a monomorphism. (2) If $T$ is a right coherent ring, $_{B}U$ has finite flat dimension, $U_{A}$ is finitely presented and has finite projective or $FP$-injective dimension, then a righ…
In this paper a simple right R-module S over a ring R is called hypersimple if its injective hull E(S) is cyclic, and a ring R is called right hypersimple if every simple right R-module is hypersimple. We initiate a study of these new notions, and revisit Osofsky's work on hypercyclic rings, i.e. rings whose cyclic right modules have cyclic injective hulls.
Let $R$ be a commutative local $k$-algebra of Krull dimension one, where $k$ is a field. Let $α$ be a $k$-algebra automorphism of $R$, and define $S$ to be the skew polynomial algebra $R[θ; α]$. We offer, under some additional assumptions on $R$, a criterion for $S$ to have injective hulls of all simple $S$-modules locally Artinian - that is, for $S$ to satisfy property $(\diamond)$. It is easy and well known that if $α$ is of finite order, then $S$ has this property, but in order to get the criterion when $α$ has infinite order we found it necessary to classify all cyclic (Krull) critical $S$…
On $R$-Coneat Injective Modules and Generalizations
本文证明 $R$-锥嵌入内射模及其超类纯 Baer 内射模均为预包络类，并利用自锥嵌入内射模刻画了冯·诺依曼正则环等环类。
It is shown that a ring is left semihereditary if and only each homomorphic image of its injective hull as left module is FP-injective. It is also proven that a commutative ring R is reduced and arithmetical if and only if E/U if FP-injective for any FP-injective R-module E and for any submodule U of finite Goldie dimension. A characterization of commutative rings for which each module of finite Goldie dimension is of injective dimension at most one is given. Let R be a chain ring and Z its subset of zerodivisors. It is proven that E/U is FP-injective for each FP-injective R-module E and each …
In this paper, we give a complete characterization of Leavitt path algebras which are graded $Σ$-$V$ rings, that is, rings over which a direct sum of arbitrary copies of any graded simple module is graded injective. Specifically, we show that a Leavitt path algebra $L$ over an arbitrary graph $E$ is a graded $Σ$-$V$ ring if and only if it is a subdirect product of matrix rings of arbitrary size but with finitely many non-zero entries over $K$ or $K[x,x^{-1}]$ with appropriate matrix gradings. We also obtain a graphical characterization of such a graded $Σ$-$V$ ring $L$% . When the graph $E$ is…
Injective modules play an important role in characterizing different classes of rings (e.g. Noetherian rings, semisimple rings). Some semirings have no non-zero injective semimodules (e.g. the semiring of non-negative integers). In this paper, we study some of the basic properties of the so called e-injective semimodules introduced by the first author using a new notion of exact sequences of semimodules. We clarify the relationships between the injective semimodules, the e-injective semimodule, and the i-injective semimodules through several implications, examples and counter examples. Moreove…
We consider the smallest triangulated subcategory of the unbounded derived module category of a ring that contains the injective modules and is closed under set indexed coproducts. If this subcategory is the entire derived category, then we say that injectives generate for the ring. In particular, we ask whether, if injectives generate for a collection of rings, do injectives generate for related ring constructions and vice versa. We provide sufficient conditions for this statement to hold for various constructions including recollements, ring extensions and module category equivalences.
The principle "Every result in classical homological algebra should have a counterpart in Gorenstein homological algebra" is given in [3]. There is a remarkable body of evidence supporting this claim (cf. [2] and [3]). Perhaps one of the most glaring exceptions is provided by the fact that tensor products of Gorenstein projective modules need not be Gorenstein projective, even over Gorenstein rings. So perhaps it is surprising that tensor products of Gorenstein injective modules over Gorenstein rings of finite Krull dimension are Gorenstein injective. Our main result is in support of the princ…
We prove that any affine ring $R$ over a field $k$ has full cosupport, i.e., the cosupport of $R$ is equal to ${\rm Spec}\, R$. Using this fact, we give a complete description of all terms in a minimal pure-injective resolution of $R$, provided that $|k|=\aleph_1$ and ${\rm dim}\, R\geq 2$, or $|k|\geq \aleph_1$ and ${\rm dim}\, R=2$. As a corollary, we obtain a partial answer to a conjecture by Gruson.
A module is called automorphism-invariant if it is invariant under any automorphism of its injective hull. Dickson and Fuller have shown that if $R$ is a finite-dimensional algebra over a field $\mathbb F$ with more than two elements then an indecomposable automorphism-invariant right $R$-module must be quasi-injective. In this note, we extend and simplify the proof of this result by showing that any automorphism-invariant module over an algebra over a field with more than two elements is quasi-injective. Our proof is based on the study of the additive unit structure of endomorphism rings.
Let R be a ring (not necessarily commutative). A left R-module is said to be cotorsion if Ext 1 R (G, M) = 0 for any flat R-module G. It is well known that each pure-injective left R-module is cotorsion, but the converse does not hold: for instance, if R is left perfect but not left pure-semisimple then each left R-module is cotorsion but there exist non-pure-injective left modules. The aim of this paper is to describe the class C of commutative rings R for which each cotorsion R-module is pure-injective. It is easy to see that C contains the class of von Neumann regular rings and the one of p…
Restricted injective dimensions over Cohen-Macaulay rings
本文证明有限 Krull 维数 Cohen-Macaulay 环上大小受限内射维数一致，并借助倾斜理论提出 Cohen-Macaulay Hom 内射维数新定义，证明其构成完美余挠对的右半部分。
Some remarks about $FP_{n}$-projective and $FP_{n}$-injective modules
本文探讨了$FP_n$-投射模块和强$n$-相干环的新特征化，扩展了已知结果并引入了衡量环离Noetherian性质距离的$FP_n$-投射全局维度。
This is the second of two papers on the injective spectrum of a right noetherian ring. In the prequel, we considered the injective spectrum as a topological space associated to a ring (or, more generally, a Grothendieck category), which generalises the Zariski spectrum. We established some results about the topology and its links with Krull dimension, and computed a number of examples. In the present paper, which can largely be read independently of the first, we extend these results by defining a sheaf of rings on the injective spectrum and considering sheaves of modules over this structure s…
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