We introduce a new notion of rank for unitary representations of semisimple groups over a local field of characteristic zero. The theory is based on Kirillov's method of orbits for nilpotent groups over local fields. When the semisimple group is classical, we prove that the new theory is essentially equivalent to Howe's theory of N-rank.
We lift any (infinitesimal) unitary irreducible representation of $GL_n(\mathbb{R})$ to a family of representations that strongly contracts to a certain type of (infinitesimal) unitary irreducible representations of $\mathbb{R}^n\rtimes {M}_n$, with $M_n$ being the mirabolic subgroup of $GL_n(\mathbb{R})$. For the case of $n=2$ we obtain the full unitary dual of $\mathbb{R}^2\rtimes {M}_2$ as a strong contraction. We demonstrate the role of the Kirillov conjecture and Kirillov model for these contractions.
Let G be a connected reductive real Lie group, and H a compact connected subgroup. Harish-Chandra associates to a regular coadjoint admissible orbit M of G some unitary representations of G. Using the character formula for these representations, we show that the multiplicities of the restriction to H can be computed, under a suitable properness assumption, in terms of the fibers of the restriction map from M to the dual of the Lie algebra of H. In particular, this gives an alternate proof of a result of Paradan.
We prove that for every Bushnell-Kutzko type that satisfies a certain rigidity assumption, the equivalence of categories between the corresponding Bernstein component and the category of modules for the Hecke algebra of the type induces a bijection between irreducible unitary representations in the two categories. This is a generalization of the unitarity criterion of Barbasch and Moy for representations with Iwahori fixed vectors.
Let $G$ be the real reductive group and let $G_0$ be the identity component. Let us assume that the unitary dual $\hat{G_0}$ is known. In this paper (in Section 5) the unitary dual $\hat{G}$ is constructed. Automorphisms of $G_0$ generated by elements of $G$ are the main ingredient of the construction. If the automorphism is outer, one has to consider the corresponding intertwining operators $S$. Operators $S$ and their properties are analyzed in Section 4. Automorphisms of $g_0$ are closely related to automorphisms of $G_0$. They are investigated in Section 3. Automorphisms of so(4,4)$ are an…
We establish a transfer of unitarity for a Bernstein component of the category of smooth representations of a reductive p-adic group to the associated Hecke algebra, in the framework of the theory of types, whenever the Hecke algebra is an affine Hecke algebra with geometric parameters, in the sense of Lusztig (possibly extended by a group of automorphisms of the root datum). It is known that there is a large class of such examples (detailed in the paper). As a consequence, we establish relations between the unitary duals of different groups, in the spirit of endoscopy.
In this paper we review and streamline some results of Kirillov, Olshanski and Pickrell on unitary representations of the unitary group $\U(\cH)$ of a real, complex or quaternionic separable Hilbert space and the subgroup $\U_\infty(\cH)$, consisting of those unitary operators $g$ for which $g - \1$ is compact. The Kirillov--Olshanski theorem on the continuous unitary representations of the identity component $\U_\infty(\cH)_0$ asserts that they are direct sums of irreducible ones which can be realized in finite tensor products of a suitable complex Hilbert space. This is proved and generalize…
In this paper we prove two formulas for the characters of representations of reductive groups. Both express the character of a representation in terms of the same geometric data attached to it. When specialized to the case of a compact Lie group, one of them reduces to Kirillov's character formula in the compact case, and the other, to an application of the Atiyah-Bott fixed point formula to the Borel-Weil realization of the representation.
In this paper, we compute the Gelfand-Kirillov dimensions for the infinite-dimensional explicit irreducible $\mathfrak{o}(n, \mathbb{C})$-modules and $\mathfrak{sp}(2n, \mathbb{C})$-modules that appeared in the $\mathbb{Z}$-graded oscillator generalizations of the classical theorem on harmonic polynomials established by Luo and Xu. We also found that some of the modules have the secondly minimal GK-dimension, and some of them have the larger GK-dimension than the maximal GK-dimension of unitary highest-weight modules.
Suppose G is a real reductive Lie group in Harish-Chandra's class. We propose here a structure for the set Π_u(G) of equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations of G. (The subscript u will be used throughout to indicate structures related to unitary representations.) We decompose Π_{u}(G) into disjoint subsets with a (very explicit) discrete parameter set Λ_u: Π_u(G) = \bigcup_{λ_u \in Λ_u} Π_u^{λ_u}(G). Each subset is identified conjecturally with a collection of unitary representations of a certain subgroup G(λ_u) of G. (We will give strong evidence and partial results for thi…
We present a finite algorithm for computing the set of irreducible unitary representations of a real reductive group G. The Langlands classification, as formulated by Knapp and Zuckerman, exhibits any representation with an invariant Hermitian form as a deformation of one of the unitary representations in Harish-Chandra's Plancherel formula. The behavior of these deformations was determined to a first approximation in the Kazhdan-Lusztig analysis of irreducible characters; more complete information comes from the Beilinson-Bernstein proof of the Jantzen conjectures. The basic idea of our algor…
We present an application of Hodge theory towards the study of irreducible unitary representations of reductive Lie groups. We describe a conjecture about such representations and discuss some progress towards its proof.
We show that irreducible unitary representations of nilpotent super Lie groups can be obtained by induction from a distinguished class of sub super Lie groups. These sub super Lie groups are natural analogues of polarizing subgroups that appear in classical Kirillov theory. We obtain a concrete geometric parametrization of irreducible unitary representations by nonnegative definite coadjoint orbits. As an application, we prove an analytic generalization of the Stone-von Neumann theorem for Heisenberg-Clifford super Lie groups.
The Burger-Sarnak method shows that the restriction of an automorphic representation of a reductive group to a reductive subgroup has automorphic support. Clozel has conjectured a qualitative refinement of this result, which were first verified and quantified in the $GL_n$ case by Venkatesh. We give a proof of this conjecture in the classical group cases.
The unitary principal series representations of $G=GL(n,\mathbb{C})$ induced from a character of the maximal parabolic subgroup $P=(GL(1,\mathbb{C})\times GL(n-1,\mathbb{C}))\ltimes\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$ attain the minimal Gelfand--Kirillov dimension among all infinite-dimensional unitary representations of $G$. We find the explicit branching laws for the restriction of these representations to symmetric subgroups of $G$.
The restriction of an irreducible unitary representation $π$ of a real reductive group $G$ to a reductive subgroup $H$ decomposes into a direct integral of irreducible unitary representations $τ$ of $H$ with multiplicities $m(π,τ)\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\}$. We show that on the smooth vectors of $π$, the direct integral is pointwise defined. This implies that $m(π,τ)$ is bounded above by the dimension of the space $\operatorname{Hom}_H(π^\infty|_H,τ^\infty)$ of intertwining operators between the smooth vectors, also called symmetry breaking operators, and provides a precise relation between t…
If $G$ is a Lie group, $H\subset G$ is a closed subgroup, and $τ$ is a unitary representation of $H$, then the authors give a sufficient condition on $ξ\in i\mathfrak{g}^*$ to be in the wave front set of $\operatorname{Ind}_H^Gτ$. In the special case where $τ$ is the trivial representation, this result was conjectured by Howe. If $G$ is a real, reductive algebraic group and $π$ is a unitary representation of $G$ that is weakly contained in the regular representation, then the authors give a geometric description of $\operatorname{WF}(π)$ in terms of the direct integral decomposition of $π$ int…
In the theory of Lie groups, the irreducibility of a unitary representation is not preserved in general by restriction to a subgroup. Kirillov's conjecture says that it is preserved for the groups Gl(n,R) or Gl(n,C) when the subgroup is the subgroup of matrices leaving invariant a non zero vector. This conjecture was proved by Barush using a detailed study of nilpotent orbits. In fact, it is not difficult to see that the conjecture is equivalent to the fact that some system of partial differential equations has no singular distributions as solutions. This system of equations is a regular holon…
The complex analytic methods have found a wide range of applications in the study of multiplicity-free representations. This article discusses, in particular, its applications to the question of restricting highest weight modules with respect to reductive symmetric pairs. We present a number of multiplicity-free branching theorems that include the multiplicity-free property of some of known results such as the Clebsh--Gordan--Pieri formula for tensor products, the Plancherel theorem for Hermitian symmetric spaces (also for line bundle cases), the Hua--Kostant--Schmid $K$-type formula, and the …
In this paper we consider the restriction of a unitary irreducible representation of type $A_{\mathfrak q}(λ)$ of $GL(4,{\mathbb R})$ to reductive subgroups $H$ which are the fixpoint sets of an involution. We obtain a formula for the restriction to the symplectic group and to $GL(2,{\mathbb C})$, and as an application we construct in the last section some representations in the cuspidal spectrum of the symplectic and the complex general linear group. In addition to working directly with the cohmologically induced module to obtain the branching law, we also introduce the useful concept of pseu…
It is known that the $Θ$-correspondence for a finite reductive dual pair is not one-to-one in general. In this paper, we propose two maximal one-to-one sub-relations $\underlineθ,\overlineθ$ of the $Θ$-correspondences for a finite dual pair of two unitary groups. These two correspondences are extensions of the analogue of the $η$-correspondence proposed by Gurevich-Howe.
In this paper, we begin with the classification of Harish-Chandra imprimitive representations in non-defining characteristic. We recall the connection of this problem to certain generalizations of Iwahori-Hecke algebras and show that Harish-Chandra induction is compatible with the Morita equivalence by Bonnafé and Rouquier, thus reducing the classification problem to quasi-isolated blocks. Afterwards, we consider imprimitivity of unipotent representations of certain classical groups. In the case of general linear and unitary groups, our reduction methods then lead to results for arbitrary Lusz…
George Mackey suggested in 1975 that there should be analogies between the irreducible unitary representations of a noncompact reductive Lie group $G$ and those of its Cartan motion group $G_0$ $-$ the semidirect product of a maximal compact subgroup of $G$ and a vector space. He conjectured the existence of a natural one-to-one correspondence between "most" irreducible (tempered) representations of $G$ and "most" irreducible (unitary) representations of $G_0$. We here describe a simple and natural bijection between the tempered duals of both groups, and an extension to a one-to-one correspond…
Let $G=GL_{n}(\mathbb{C})$ and $1\neψ:\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}^{\times}$ be an additive character. Let $U$ be the subgroup of upper triangular unipotent matrices in $G$. Denote by $θ$ the character $θ:U\to\mathbb{C}$ given by \[ θ(u):=ψ(u_{1,2}+u_{2,3}+...+u_{n-1,n}). \] Let $P$ be the mirabolic subgroup of $G$ consisting of all matrices in $G$ with the last row equal to $(0,0,...,0,1)$. We prove that if $π$ is an irreducible generic representation of $GL_{n}(\mathbb{C})$ and $\mathcal{W}(π,ψ)$ is its Whittaker model, then the space $\{f|_{P}:P\to \mathbb{C}:\, f\in \mathcal{W}(π,ψ)\}$ contains…
In this paper we consider the problem of decomposing tensor products of certain singular unitary representations of a semisimple Lie group G. Using explicit models for these representations (constructed earlier by one of us) we show that the decomposition is controlled by a reductive homogeneous space G'/H'. Our procedure establishes a correspondence between certain unitary representations of G and those of G'. This extends the usual theta--correspondence for dual reductive pairs. As a special case we obtain a correspondence between certain representations of real forms of E_7 and F_4.
The first half of this article is expository -- I will review, with examples, the main statements of the Langlands classification and Arthur's conjectures for real reductive groups as formulated by Adams, Barbasch, and Vogan. In the second half, I will turn my attention to the Orbit Method, a conjectural scheme for classifying irreducible unitary representations of a real reductive group. I will give a definition of the Orbit Method in the case when the group is complex. The main input is the theory of unipotent ideals and Harish-Chandra bimodules, developed in arXiv:2108.03453. I will show th…
Attached to any reductive Lie group $G$ is a "Cartan motion group" $G_0$ $-$ a Lie group with the same dimension as $G$, but a simpler group structure. A natural one-to-one correspondence between the irreducible tempered representations of $G$ and the unitary irreducible representations of $G_0$, whose existence had been suggested by Mackey in the 1970s, has recently been described by the author. In the present notes, we use the existence of a family of groups interpolating between $G$ and $G_0$ to realize the bijection as a deformation: for every irreducible tempered representation $π$ of G, …
The most degenerate unitary principal series representations π_{iλ,δ} (with λ \in R, δ\in Z/2Z) of G = GL(N,R) attain the minimum of the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension among all irreducible unitary representations of G. This article gives an explicit formula of the irreducible decomposition of the restriction π_{iλ,δ}|_H (branching law) with respect to all symmetric pairs (G,H). For N=2n with n \geq 2, the restriction π_{iλ,δ}|_H remains irreducible for H=Sp(n,R) if λ\neq0 and splits into two irreducible representations if λ=0. The branching law of the restriction π_{iλ,δ}|_H is purely discrete fo…
In this paper we first construct natural filtrations on the full theta lifts for any real reductive dual pairs. We will use these filtrations to calculate the associated cycles and therefore the associated varieties of Harish-Chandra modules of the indefinite orthogonal groups which are theta lifts of unitary lowest weight modules of the metaplectic double covers of the real symplectic groups. We will show that some of these representations are special unipotent and satisfy a K-type formula in a conjecture of Vogan.
An irreducible ordinary character of a finite reductive group is called quadratic unipotent if it corresponds under Jordan decomposition to a semisimple element $s$ in a dual group such that $s^2=1$. We prove that there is a bijection between, on the one hand the set of quadratic unipotent characters of $GL(n,q)$ or $U(n,q)$ for all $n \geq 0$ and on the other hand, the set of quadratic unipotent characters of $Sp(2n,q)$ for all $n \geq 0$. We then extend this correspondence to $\ell$-blocks for certain $\ell$ not dividing $q$.
In the late nineties T. Kobayashi wrote a series of papers in which he established a criterion for the discrete decomposablity of restrictions of unitary representations of reductive Lie groups to reductive subgroups. A key tool in the proof of sufficiency of his criterion was the use of the theory of hyperfunctions to study the microlocal behavior of characters of restrictions to compact subgroups. In this paper we show how to replace this tool by microlocal analysis in the $C^\infty$ category.
In the monograph arXiv:2108.03453, we define the notion of a unipotent representation of a complex reductive group. The representations we define include, as a proper subset, all special unipotent representations in the sense of Barbasch-Vogan and form the (conjectural) building blocks of the unitary dual. In arXiv:2108.03453 we provide combinatorial formulas for the infinitesimal characters of all unipotent representations of linear classical groups. In this paper, we establish analogous formulas for spin and exceptional groups, thus completing the determination of the infinitesimal character…
The purpose of this paper is to make a further contribution to the Mackey bijection for a complex reductive group G, between the tempered dual of G and the unitary dual of the associated Cartan motion group. We shall construct an embedding of the C*-algebra of the motion group into the reduced C*-algebra of G, and use it to characterize the continuous field of reduced group C*-algebras that is associated to the Mackey bijection. We shall also obtain a new characterization of the Mackey bijection using the same embedding.
This paper computes the Dirac cohomology $H_D(π)$ of irreducible unitary Harish-Chandra modules $π$ of complex classical groups viewed as real reductive groups. More precisely, unitary representations with nonzero Dirac cohomology are shown to be unitarily induced from unipotent representations. When nonzero, there is a unique, multiplicity free $K-$type in $π$ contributing to $H_D(π)$. This confirms conjectures formulated by the first named author and Pandzic in 2011.
Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field of characteristic 0, and let $M$ be an $F$-Levi subgroup of a connected reductive $F$-split group such that $Π_{i=1}^{r} SL_{n_i} \subseteq M \subseteq Π_{i=1}^{r} GL_{n_i}$ for positive integers $r$ and $n_i$. We prove that the Plancherel measure for any unitary supercuspidal representation of $M(F)$ is identically transferred under \textit{the local Jacquet-Langlands type correspondence} between $M$ and its $F$-inner forms, assuming a working hypothesis that Plancherel measures are invariant on a certain set. This work extends the result of Mui{ć} and Savin (2000)…
A parametrization of irreducible unitary representations associated with the regular adjoint orbits of a hyperspecial compact subgroup of a reductive group over a non-dyadic non-archimedean local filed is presented. The parametrization is given by means of (a subset of) the character group of certain finite abelian groups arising from the reductive group. Our method is based upon Cliffod's theory and Weil representations over finite fields. It works under an assumption of the triviality of certain Schur multipliers defined for an algebraic group over a finite field. The assumption of the trivi…
In this paper we use the quantization of fields based on Geometric Langlands Correspondence \cite{diep1} to realize the automorphic representations of some concrete series of groups: for the affine Heisenberg (loop) groups it is reduced to the construction of the affine Kac-Moody representation by the Weyl relations in Fock spaces. For the solvable and nilpotent groups following the construction we show that it is the result of applying the constructions of irreducible unitary representation via the geometric quantization and the construction of positive energy representations and finally, for…
When $G$ is a real reductive group and $G_0$ is its Cartan motion group, the Mackey-Higson bijection is a natural one-to-one correspondence between all irreducible tempered representations of $G$ and all irreducible unitary representations of $G_0$. In this short note, we collect some known facts about the topology of the tempered dual $\widetilde{G}$ and that of the unitary dual $\widehat{G_0}$, then verify that the Mackey-Higson bijection $\widetilde{G} \to \widehat{G_0}$ is continuous.
Given a real reductive group Lie group $G_\mathbb{R}$, the Mackey analogy is a bijection between the set of irreducible tempered representations of $G_\mathbb{R}$ and the set of irreducible unitary representations of its Cartan motion group. We show that this bijection arises naturally from families of twisted $\mathcal{D}$-modules over the flag variety of $G_\mathbb{R}$.
The goal of this diploma thesis is to give a detailed description of Kirillov's Orbit Method for the case of compact connected Lie groups. The theory of Kirillov aims at finding all irreducible unitary representations of a given Lie group $G$. The first chapter is intended to recall some facts about Lie groups. The most important result is that for a functional $λ$ on the Lie algebra $\mathfrak t$ of a maximal torus in a compact connected Lie group the stabilizer is of the form $C(T_1)$ for a smaller torus $T_1$. This allows us to define a complex structure on the coadjoint orbit $\mathcal O_λ…
Let $G$ be the group of points of a split reductive group over a finite extension of ${\mathbb Q}_p$. In this paper, we compute the dimensions of certain classes of locally analytic $G$-representations. This includes principal series representations and certain representations coming from homogeneous line bundles on $p$-adic symmetric spaces. As an application, we compute the dimensions in Colmez' unitary principal series of ${\rm GL}_2({\mathbb Q}_p)$.
Let $G$ be a $p$-adic reductive group and $H$ a unimodular spherical subgroup of $G$. Let $π$ be a unitary supercuspidal representation of $G$. In this note, under a mild assumption, we show that local periods in $Hom_H(π,\mathbb{C})$ can be constructed by integrating the matrix coefficients of $π$ over $H$.
Suppose $G$ is a real reductive group. The determination of the irreducible unitary representations of $G$ is one of the major unsolved problem in representation theory. There is evidence to suggest that every irreducible unitary representation of $G$ can be constructed through a sequence of well-understood operations from a finite set of building blocks, called the unipotent representations. These representations are `attached' (in a certain mysterious sense) to the nilpotent orbits of $G$ on the dual space of its Lie algebra. Inside this finite set is a still smaller set, consisting of the u…
The minimal representation of a semisimple Lie group is a 'small' infinite-dimensional irreducible unitary representation. It is thought to correspond to the minimal nilpotent coadjoint orbit in Kirillov's orbit philosophy. The Segal-Bargmann transform is an intertwining integral transformation between two different models of the minimal representation for Hermitian Lie groups of tube type. In this paper we construct a Fock model for the minimal representation of the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{osp}(m,2|2n)$. We also construct an integral transform which intertwines the Schrödi…
The author classifies Klein four symmetric pairs of holomorphic type for non-compact Lie group $\mathrm{E}_{6(-14)}$, which gives a class of pairs $(G,G')$ of real reductive Lie group $G$ and its reductive subgroup $G'$ such that there exist irreducible unitary representations $π$ of $G$, which are admissible upon restriction to $G'$.
We transfer Knapp-Stein $R$-groups for unitary weakly unramified characters between a $p$-adic quasi-split group and its non-quasi-split inner forms, and provide the structure of those $R$-groups for a general connected reductive group over a $p$-adic field. This work supports previous studies on the behavior of $R$-groups between inner forms, and extends Keys' classification for unitary unramified cases of simply-connected, almost simple, semi-simple groups.