A discrete group G has periodic cohomology over R if there is an element in a cohomology group, cup product with which induces an isomorphism in cohomology after a certain dimension. Adem and Smith showed if R = Z, then this condition is equivalent to the existence of a finite dimensional free-G-CW- complex homotopy equivalent to a sphere. It has been conjectured by Olympia Talelli, that if G is also torsion-free then it must have finite cohomological di- mension. In this paper we use the implied condition of jump cohomology over R to prove the conjecture for HF-groups and solvable groups. We also find necessary conditions for free and proper group actions on finite dimensional complexes homotopy equivalent to closed, orientable manifolds.
This is a survey of recent results related to cohomology jump loci. It emphasizes connections with deformations with cohomology constraints, global structural results for rank one local systems and line bundles, some connections with restrictions on fundamental groups and homotopy types, and connections with classical singularity theory and Bernstein-Sato ideals.
We give two applications of the exponential Ax-Lindemann Theorem to local systems. One application is to show that for a connected topological space, the existence of a finite model of the real homotopy type implies linearity of the cohomology jump loci around the trivial local system. Another application is the linearity of the cohomology jump loci of rank one local systems on quasi-compact Kähler manifolds.
Given any subvariety of a complex torus defined over $\mathbb{Z}$ and any positive integer $k$, we construct a finite CW complex $X$ such that the $k$-th cohomology jump locus of $X$ is equal to the chosen subvariety, and the $i$-th cohomology jump loci of $X$ are trivial for $i<k$.
The cohomology jump loci of a space $X$ are of two basic types: the characteristic varieties, defined in terms of homology with coefficients in rank one local systems, and the resonance varieties, constructed from information encoded in either the cohomology ring, or an algebraic model for $X$. We explore here the geometry of these varieties and the delicate interplay between them in the context of closed, orientable 3-dimensional manifolds and link complements. The classical multivariable Alexander polynomial plays an important role in this analysis. As an application, we derive some conseque…
We explore the relation between cohomology jump loci in a finite Galois cover, formality properties and algebraic monodromy action. We show that the jump loci of the base and total space are essentially the same, provided the base space is 1-formal and the monodromy action in degree 1 is trivial. We use reduced multinet structures on line arrangements to construct components of the first characteristic variety of the Milnor fiber in degree 1, and to prove that the monodromy action is non-trivial in degree 1. For an arbitrary line arrangement, we prove that the triviality of the monodromy in de…
For a topological space, we investigate its cohomology support loci, sitting inside varieties of (nonabelian) representations of the fundamental group. To do this, for a CDG (commutative differential graded) algebra, we define its cohomology jump loci, sitting inside varieties of (algebraic) flat connections. We prove that the analytic germs at the origin 1 of representation varieties are determined by the Sullivan 1-minimal model of the space. Under mild finiteness assumptions, we show that, up to a degree $q$, the two types of jump loci have the same analytic germs at the origins, when the s…
In previous work, we constructed for a smooth complex variety $X$ and for a linear algebraic group $G$ a mixed Hodge structure on the complete local ring $\widehat{\mathcal{O}}_ρ$ to the moduli space of representations of the fundamental group $π_1(X,x)$ into $G$ at a representation $ρ$ underlying a variation of mixed Hodge structure. We now show that the jump ideals $J_k^i \subset \widehat{\mathcal{O}}_ρ$, defining the locus of representations such the the dimension of the cohomology of $X$ in degree $i$ of the associated local system is greater than $k$, are sub-mixed Hodge structures; this …
We compute the cohomology of crystallographic groups with holonomy of prime order. As an application we compute the group of gerbes associated to many six--dimensional toroidal orbifolds arising in string theory.
Using fixed-point-free group actions, we set up a scheme to define nested classes of groups indexed over ordinals. Restricting to cellular actions on CW-complexes, we find new classes as well as new characterizations for some well-known classes, such as virtually polycyclic groups. We generalize properties of the virtual cohomological dimension of a group to groups with jump (co)homology and prove that a core subclass of a new class of groups has jump (co)homology.
Two standard invariants used to study the fundamental group G of the complement X of a hyperplane arrangement are the Malcev completion of G and the cohomology groups of X with coefficients in rank one local systems. In this paper, we develop a tool that unifies these two approaches. This tool is the Malcev completion S_p of G relative to a homomorphism p from G into (C^*)^N. This is a prosolvable group that is tightly controlled by the cohomology groups of X with coefficients in rank one local systems. The prounipotent radical U_p of the relative completion S_p corresponds to a pronilpotent L…
In this paper we study the cohomology of the geometric realization of linking systems with twisted coefficients. More precisely, given a prime $p$ and a $p$-local finite group $(S,\mathcal{F},\mathcal{L})$, we compare the cohomology of $\mathcal{L}$ with twisted coefficients with the submodule of $\mathcal{F}^c$-stable elements in the cohomology of $S$. We start with the particular case of constrained fusion systems. Then, we study the case of $p$-solvable actions on the coefficients.
We elucidate the key role played by formality in the theory of characteristic and resonance varieties. We define relative characteristic and resonance varieties, V_k and R_k, related to twisted group cohomology with coefficients of arbitrary rank. We show that the germs at the origin of V_k and R_k are analytically isomorphic, if the group is 1-formal; in particular, the tangent cone to V_k at 1 equals R_k. These new obstructions to 1-formality lead to a striking rationality property of the usual resonance varieties. A detailed analysis of the irreducible components of the tangent cone at 1 to…
We construct a deformed Morse complex computing the equivariant cohomology of a manifold M endowed with a smooth S^1-action. The deformation of the coboundary operator is given by counting gradient flow lines of a Morse function f that are allowed to "jump" along orbits of the S^1-action for finite time intervalls.
This paper gives the cohomology classification of finitistic spaces X equipped with free actions of the group G = S3 and the orbit space X/G is the integral or mod 2 cohomology quaternion projective space HPn. We have proved that X is the integral or mod 2 cohomology (4n+3)-sphere or the product of 3-sphere and quaternion projective space HPn. Similar results for G = S1 actions are also discussed.
Let X be a finite CW-complex, denote its fundamental group by G. Let R be an n-dimensional complex repesentation of G. Any element A of the first cohomology group of X with complex coefficients gives rise to the exponential deformation of the representation R, which can be considered as a curve in the space of representations. We show that the cohomology of X with local coefficients corresponding to the generic point of this curve is computable from a spectral sequence starting from the cohomology of X with R-twisted coefficients. We compute the differentials of the spectral sequence in terms …
The equivariant cohomology for actions of compact connected abelian groups and elementary abelian p-groups have been widely studied in the last decades. We study some of these results on actions of finite cyclic groups over a field of positive characteristic. In particular, we study the module structure of the equivariant cohomology over the cohomology of the classifying space and we provide a criterion for freeness over this ring and the polynomial subring of it. We apply these results to canonical actions of finite cyclic groups on polyhedral products arising from the boundary of a polygo
Let X be a finitistic space with non-trivial cohomology groups H^in(X;Z)=Z with generators v_i, where i = 0, 1, 2, 3. We say that X has cohomology type (a, b) if v_1^2 = av_2 and v_1v_2 = bv_3 . In this note, we determine the mod 2 cohomology ring of the orbit space X/G of a free action of G = Z_2 on X, where both a and b are even. In this case, we observed that there is no equivariant map S^m --> X for m > 3n, where S^m has the antipodal action. Moreover, it is shown that G can not act freely on space X which is of cohomology type (a, b) where a is odd and b is even. We also obtain the mod 2 …
We show that for any cohomogeneity one continuous action of a compact connected Lie group $G$ on a closed topological manifold the equivariant cohomology equipped with its canonical $H^*(BG)$-module structure is Cohen-Macaulay. The proof relies on the structure theorem for these actions recently obtained by Galaz-Garcia and Zarei. We generalize in this way our previous result concerning smooth actions.
Let $G$ be a elementary abelian $2$-group and $X$ be a manifold with a locally standard action of $G$. We provide a criterion to determine the syzygy order of the $G$-equivariant cohomology of $X$ with coefficients over a field of characteristic two using a complex associated to the cohomology of the face filtration of the manifold with corners $X/G$. This result is the real version of the quotient criterion for locally standard torus actions developed by M. Franz in arXiv:1205.4462.
Let $G = \ZZ_p$, $p$ an odd prime, act freely on a finite-dimensional CW-complex $X$ with mod $p$ cohomology isomorphic to that of a lens space $L^{2m-1} (p;q_1,...,q_m)$. In this paper, we determine the mod $p$ cohomology ring of the orbit space $X/G$, when $p^2\nmid m$.
In this paper, we prove that the orbit space B and the Euler class of an action of the circle S^1 on X determine both the equivariant intersection cohomology of the pseudomanifold X and its localization. We also construct a spectral sequence converging to the equivariant intersection cohomology of X whose third term is described in terms of the intersection cohomology of B.
The classification of Seifert manifolds was given in terms of numeric data by Seifert in 1933, and then generalized by Orlik and Raymond in 1968 to circle actions on closed 3d manifolds. In this paper, we further generalize the classification to circle actions on 3d manifolds with boundaries by adding a numeric parameter and a union of cycle graphs. Then we describe the equivariant cohomology of 3d manifolds with circle actions in terms of ring, module and vector-space structures. We also compute equivariant Betti numbers and Poincaré series for these manifolds and discuss the equivariant form…
Using methods applied by Atiyah in equivariant K-theory, Bredon obtained exact sequences for the relative cohomologies (with rational coefficients) of the equivariant skeletons of (sufficiently nice) T-spaces, T=(S^1)^n, with free equivariant cohomology over the cohomology of BT. Here we characterise those finite T-CW complexes with connected isotropy groups for which an analogous result holds with integral coefficients.
We study a certain construction designed to bring together the following two topics: $i$) Dyer--Lashof-operations in negative Tate-cohomology, $ii$) the description of negative Tate-cohomology in terms of joins. It has the merit of making (some) sense in a more general context: where the loop-space of the space under study no longer has to be of compact homotopy-type. The exposition given here is a streamlined version of a previous version of mine, available here at the Arxiv.
Suppose that G=S^1 acts freely on a finitistic space X whose mod p cohomology ring isomorphic to that of a lens space L^{2m-1}(p;q_1,...,q_m). In this paper, we determine the mod p cohomology ring of the orbit space X/G. If the characteristic class α\belongs H^2(X/G;Z_p) of the S^1-bundle S--> X--> X/G is nonzero, then mod p ndex of the action is deined to be the largest integer n such that α^n is nonzero. We also show that the mod p index of a free action of S^1 on a lens space L^(2m-1)(p;q_1,...,q_m) is p-1, provided that αis nonzero.
For any smooth free action of the unit circle S1 on a smooth manifold M, the Gysin sequence of M is a long exact sequence relating the DeRham Cohomology of M and the orbit space M/S1. If the action is not free then M/S1 is not a smooth manifold but a stratified pseudomanifold, the lenght of M/S1 depending on the number of orbit types; and there is a Gysin sequence relating their intersection cohomologies. The links of the fixed strata in M/S1 are cohomological complex projective spaces, so the conecting homomorphism of this sequences is the multiplication by the Euler class. In this article we…
Let $X$ be a finitistic space with its rational cohomology isomorphic to that of the wedge sum $P^2(n)\vee S^{3n} $ or $S^{n} \vee S^{2n}\vee S^{3n}$. We study continuous $\mathbb{S}^1$ actions on $X$ and determine the possible fixed point sets up to rational cohomology depending on whether or not $X$ is totally non-homologous to zero in $X_{\mathbb{S}^1}$ in the Borel fibration $X\hookrightarrow X_{\mathbb{S}^1} \longrightarrow B_{\mathbb{S}^1}$. We also give examples realizing the possible cases.
Using methods originating in the theory of intersection spaces, specifically a de Rham type description of the real cohomology of these spaces by a complex of global differential forms, we show that the Leray-Serre spectral sequence with real coefficients of a flat fiber bundle of smooth manifolds collapses if the fiber is Riemannian and the structure group acts isometrically. The proof is largely topological and does not need a metric on the base or total space. We use this result to show further that if the fundamental group of a smooth aspherical manifold acts isometrically on a Riemannian …
Let $G$ be a connected Lie group of rank one. In this paper the existence of free actions of group $G$ on spheres, real projective spaces and lens spaces has been studied. Most of the results have been obtained for finitistic spaces with cohomology ring isomorphic to the cohomology ring of these spaces. The cohomology algebra of the orbit space has been determined in the case of free $G$-action. The non-existence of $G$-equivariant maps from spheres to cohomology spheres has also been established.
We show that the well-known fact that the equivariant cohomology of a torus action is a torsion-free module if and only if the map induced by the inclusion of the fixed point set is injective generalises to actions of arbitrary compact connected Lie groups if one replaces the fixed point set by the set of points with maximal isotropy rank. This is true essentially because the action on this set is always equivariantly formal. In case this set is empty we show that the induced action on the set of points with highest occuring isotropy rank is Cohen-Macaulay. It turns out that just as equivarian…
In this paper, for any Milnor hypersurface we find the largest dimension of effective algebraic torus actions on it. The proof of the corresponding theorem is based on the computation of the automorphism group for any Milnor hypersurface. We find all generalised Buchstaber-Ray and Ray hypersurfaces that are toric varieties. We compute the Betti numbers of these hypersurfaces and describe their integral singular cohomology rings in terms of the cohomology of the corresponding ambient varieties.
We study the germs at the origin of $G$-representation varieties and the degree 1 cohomology jump loci of fundamental groups of quasi-projective manifolds. Using the Morgan-Dupont model associated to a convenient compactification of such a manifold, we relate these germs to those of their infinitesimal counterparts, defined in terms of flat connections on those models. When the linear algebraic group $G$ is either $\textrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$ or its standard Borel subgroup and the depth of the jump locus is 1, this dictionary works perfectly, allowing us to describe in this way explicit irreduc…
On intersection cohomology with torus action of complexity one, II
Basque Center of Applied Mathematics (BCAM)（巴斯克应用数学中心）；Ruhr-Universität Bochum（鲁尔大学波鸿分校）；Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur（坎普尔印度理工学院）；Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)（塞阿拉联邦大学）
This survey paper describes two geometric representations of the permutation group using the tools of toric topology. These actions are extremely useful for computational problems in Schubert calculus. The (torus) equivariant cohomology of the flag variety is constructed using the combinatorial description of Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson, discussed in detail. Two permutation representations on equivariant and ordinary cohomology are identified in terms of irreducible representations of the permutation group. We show how to use the permutation actions to construct divided difference operators an…
For an odd prime $p$ satisfying Vandiver's conjecture, we give explicit formulae for the action of the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb{Q}(ζ_p)}$ on the homology of the degree $p$ Fermat curve, building on work of Anderson. Further, we study the invariants and the first Galois cohomology group which are associated with obstructions to rational points on the Fermat curve.
Bredon cohomology is a cohomology theory that applies to topological spaces equipped with the group actions. For any group G, given a real linear representation V , the configuration space of V has a natural diagonal G-action. In the paper we study this group action on the configuration space and give a decomposition of the homology Bredon coefficient system of the configuration space and apply this to compute rational Bredon cohomology of the configuration space for small nonabelian group G.
In recent work (math/0507514) by Etingof, Henriques, Kamnitzer, and the author, a presentation and explicit basis was given for the rational cohomology of the real locus $\bar{M_{0,n}}(\RR)$ of the moduli space of stable genus 0 curves with $n$ marked points. We determine the graded character of the action of $S_n$ on this space (induced by permutations of the marked points), both in the form of a plethystic formula for the cycle index, and as an explicit product formula for the value of the character on a given cycle type.
In this paper, we study Hamiltonian R-actions on symplectic orbifolds [M/S], where R and S are tori. We prove an injectivity theorem and generalize Tolman-Weitsman's proof of the GKM theorem in this setting. The main example is the symplectic reduction X//S of a Hamiltonian T-manifold X by a subtorus S of T. This includes the class of symplectic toric orbifolds. We define the equivariant Chen-Ruan cohomology ring and use the above results to establish a combinatorial method of computing this equivariant Chen-Ruan cohomology in terms of orbifold fixed point data.
A classical result says that a free action of the circle $\Bbb{S}^1$ on a topological space $X$ is geometrically classified by the orbit space $B$ and by a cohomological class ${H}^{^{2}}{(B,\Bbb{Z})}$, the Euler class. When the action is not free we have a difficult open question: $Π$ : "Is the space $X$ determined by the orbit space $B$ and the Euler class?" The main result of this work is a step towards the understanding of the above question in the category of unfolded pseudomanifolds. We prove that the orbit space $B$ and the Euler class determine: * the intersection cohomology of $X$, * …
We show that if $G\times M \to M$ is a cohomogeneity one action of a compact connected Lie group $G$ on a compact connected manifold $M$ then $H^*_G(M)$ is a Cohen-Macaulay module over $H^*(BG)$. Moreover, this module is free if and only if the rank of at least one isotropy group is equal to the rank of $G$. We deduce as corollaries several results concerning the usual (de Rham) cohomology of $M$, such as the following obstruction to the existence of a cohomogeneity one action: if $M$ admits a cohomogeneity one action, then $χ(M)>0$ if and only if $H^{\rm odd}(M)=\{0\}$.
We study the Madsen-Tillman spectrum \CP^\infty_{-1} as a quotient of the Mahowald pro-object \CP^\infty_{-\infty}, which is closely related to the Tate cohomology of circle actions. That theory has an associated symplectic structure, whose symmetries define the Virasoro operations on the cohomology of moduli space constructed by Kontsevich and Witten.
We describe the basic Dolbealut cohomology algebra of the canonical foliation on a class of complex manifolds with a torus symmetry group. This class includes complex moment-angle manifolds, LVM- and LVMB-manifolds and, in most generality, complex manifolds with a maximal holomorphic torus action. We also provide a dga model for the ordinary Dolbeault cohomology algebra. The Hodge decomposition for the basic Dolbeault cohomology is proved by reducing to the transversely Kaehler (equivalently, polytopal) case using a foliated analogue of toric blow-up.
An old result of the first author and David Lieberman says that if a compact Kaehler manifold X admits a holomorphic vector field V having at least one zero, then the Dolbeault cohomology algebra H^*(X, Ω^*) of X is isomorphic with the bigraded algebra associated to a certain filtered graded ring. If V has isolated zeros this is the graded algebra associated to a certain filtration of the coordinate ring of the scheme Z defined by zero(V). The purpose of this note is to show that if V is generated by a torus action then equivariant Dolbeault cohomology can be used to give direct geometric proo…
A torus manifold is a closed smooth manifold of dimension $2n$ having an effective smooth $T^n = (S^1)^n$-action with non-empty fixed points. Petrie \cite{petrie:1973} has shown that any homotopy equivalence between a complex projective space $\CP^n$ and a torus manifold homotopy equivalent to $\CP^n$ preserves their Pontrjagin classes. A \emph{generalized Bott manifold} is a closed smooth manifold obtained as the total space of an iterated complex projective space bundles over a point, where each fibration is a projectivization of the Whitney sum of a finite many complex line bundles. For ins…
We construct a model for cohomology of a space $X$ equipped with a torus $T$ action, whose homotopy orbit space $X_{T}$ is formal. This model represents Koszul complex of its equivariant cohomology. Studying homological properties of modules over polynomial ring we derive new bounds on homological rank (dimension of cohomology ring) of $X$ equipped with almost free torus action. We give a proof of toral rank conjecture for spaces with formal quotient in the case of torus dimension $\le5$.
We introduce the notion of a strongly homotopy-comultiplicative resolution of a module coalgebra over a chain Hopf algebra, which we apply to proving a comultiplicative enrichment of a well-known theorem of Moore concerning the homology of quotient spaces of group actions. The importance of our enriched version of Moore's theorem lies in its application to the construction of useful cochain algebra models for computing multiplicative structure in equivariant cohomology. In the special cases of homotopy orbits of circle actions on spaces and of group actions on simplicial sets, we obtain small,…
The Springer variety of type $A$ associated to a nilpotent operator on $\mathbb{C}^n$ in Jordan canonical form admits a natural action of the $\ell$-dimensional torus $T^{\ell}$ where $\ell$ is the number of the Jordan blocks. We give a presentation of the $T^{\ell}$-equivariant cohomology ring of the Springer variety through an explicit construction of an action of the $n$-th symmetric group on the $T^{\ell}$-equivariant cohomology group. The $T^{\ell}$-equivariant analogue of so called Tanisaki's ideal will appear in the presentation.
Let $C_2$ denote the cyclic group of order 2. We compute the $RO(C_2)$-graded cohomology of all $C_2$-surfaces with constant integral coefficients. We show when the action is nonfree, the answer depends only on the genus, the orientability of the underlying surface, the number of isolated fixed points, the number of fixed circles with trivial normal bundles, and the number of fixed circles with nontrivial normal bundles. When the action on the surface is free, we show the answer depends only on the genus, the orientability of the underlying surface, whether the action is orientation preserving…
Let G be a finite group acting freely on a finitistic space X having cohomology type (0, b) (for example, S^n x S^{2n} is a space of type (0, 1) and the one-point union S^n V S^{2n} V S^{3n} is a space of type (0, 0)). It is known that a finite group G which contains Zp + Zp + Zp, p a prime, can not act freely on S^n x S^{2n}. In this paper, we show that if a finite group G acts freely on a space of type (0, 1), where n is odd, then G can not contain Zp + Zp, p an odd prime. For spaces of cohomology type (0, 0), we show that every p-subgroup of G is either cyclic or a generalized quaternion gr…
This paper generalizes the concept of index and co-index and some related results for free actions of G = S0 on a paracompact Hausdorff space which were introduced by Conner and Floyd. We define the index and co-index of a finitistic free G-space X, where G = Sd , d = 1 or 3 and prove that the index of X is not more than the mod 2 cohomology index of X. We observe that the index and co-index of a (2n + 1)-sphere (resp. (4n+3)-sphere) for the action of componentwise multiplication of G = S1 (resp. S3) is n. We also determine the orbit spaces of free actions of G = S3 on a finitistic space X wit…
