The Chern-Galois theory is developed for corings or coalgebras over non-commutative rings. As the first step the notion of an entwined extension as an extension of algebras within a bijective entwining structure over a non-commutative ring is introduced. A strong connection for an entwined extension is defined and it is shown to be closely related to the Galois property and to the equivariant projectivity of the extension. A generalisation of the Doi theorem on total integrals in the framework of entwining structures over a non-commutative ring is obtained, and the bearing of strong connections on properties such as faithful flatness or relative injectivity is revealed. A family of morphisms between the K0-group of the category of finitely generated projective comodules of a coring and even relative cyclic homology groups of the base algebra of an entwined extension with a strong connection is constructed. This is termed a relative Chern-Galois character. Explicit examples include the computation of a Chern-Galois character of depth 2 Frobenius split (or separable) extensions over a separable algebra R. Finitely generated and projective modules are associated to an entwined extension with a strong connection, the explicit form of idempotents is derived, the corresponding (relative) Chern characters are computed, and their connection with the relative Chern-Galois character is explained.
El Kaoutit and Gómez Torrecillas introduced comatrix corings, generalizing Sweedler's canonical coring, and proved a new version of the Faithfully Flat Descent Theorem. They also introduced Galois corings, as corings isomorphic to a comatrix coring. In this paper, we further investigate this theory. We prove a new version of the Joyal-Tierney Descent Theorem, and generalize the Galois Coring Structure Theorem. We associate a Morita context to a coring with a fixed comodule, and relate it to Galois-type properties of the coring. An affineness criterion is proved in the situation where the corin…
It is shown that any finite complete covering of a non-commutative algebra in the sense of Calow and Matthes (J. Geom. Phys. 32 (2000), 114--165) gives rise to a Galois coring.
We focus our attention to the set $\gl{\coring{C}}$ of grouplike elements of a coring $\coring{C}$ over a ring $A$. We do some observations on the actions of the groups $U(A)$ and $\aut{\coring{C}}$ of units of $A$ and of automorphisms of corings of $\coring{C}$, respectively, on $\gl{\coring{C}}$, and on the subset $\galois{\coring{C}}$ of all Galois grouplike elements. Among them, we give conditions on $\coring{C}$ under which $\galois{\coring{C}}$ is a group, in such a way that there is an exact sequence of groups $\{1\} \to U(A^{g}) \to U(A) \to \galois{\coring{C}} \to \{1\},$ where $A^g$ …
We study the cyclic module ${}_SR$ for a ring extension $A \| B$ with centralizer $R$ and bimodule endomorphism ring $S = End {}_BA_B$. We show that if $A \| B$ is an H-separable Hopf subalgebra, then $B$ is a normal Hopf subalgebra of $A$. We observe from math.RA/0107064 and math.RA/0108067 depth two in the role of noncommutative normality (as in field theory) in a depth two separable Frobenius characterization of irreducible semisimple-Hopf-Galois extensions. We prove that a depth two extension has a Galois $A$-coring structure on $A ø_R T$ where $T$ is the right $R$-bialgebroid dual to $S$.
Given a ring $A$ and an $A$-coring $\cC$ we study when the forgetful functor from the category of right $\cC$-comodules to the category of right $A$-modules and its right adjoint $-\otimes_A\cC$ are separable. We then proceed to study when the induction functor $-\otimes_A\cC$ is also the left adjoint of the forgetful functor. This question is closely related to the problem when $A\to {}_A{\rm Hom}(\cC,A)$ is a Frobenius extension. We introduce the notion of a Galois coring and analyse when the tensor functor over the subring of $A$ fixed under the coaction of $\cC$ is an equivalence. We also …
In order to extrincate the structure of corings with a finitely generated and projective generator we give the notion of a comatrix coring. As consequences we give generalizations of the main characterizations of faithfully flat Galois corings and extensions which work for corings without grouplike elements, as well as a generalization of the Descent Theorem. We provide also a complete description of all cosemisimple corings. No restrictions are made over the ground noncommutative ring.
In this note we study Morita contexts and Galois extensions for corings. For a coring $\QTR{cal}{C}$ over a (not necessarily commutative) ground ring $A$ we give equivalent conditions for $\QTR{cal}{M}^{\QTR{cal}{C}}$ to satisfy the weak. resp. the strong structure theorem. We also characterize the so called \QTR{em}{cleft}$C$\QTR{em}{-Galois extensions} over commutative rings. Our approach is similar to that of Y. Doi and A. Masuoka in their work on (cleft) $H$-Galois extensions.
Partial Galois extensions were recently introduced by Dokuchaev, Ferrero and Paques. We introduce partial Galois extensions for noncommutative rings, using the theory of Galois corings. We associate a Morita context to a partial action on a ring.
We introduce Galois corings, and give a survey of properties that have been obtained so far. The Definition is motivated using descent theory, and we show that classical Galois theory, Hopf-Galois theory and coalgebra Galois theory can be obtained as a special case.
We give a notion of a comatrix coring which embodies all former constructions and, what is more interesting, leads to the formulation of a notion of Galois coring and the statement of a Faithfully Flat Descent Theorem that generalize the previous versions.
We compare several quasi-Frobenius-type properties for corings that appeared recently in literature and provide several new characterizations for each of these properties. By applying the theory of Galois comodules with a firm coinvariant ring, we can characterize a locally quasi-Frobenius (quasi-co-Frobenius) coring as a locally projective generator in its category of comodules.
The Jacobson-Bourbaki Theorem for division rings was formulated in terms of corings by Sweedler in 1975. Finiteness conditions hypotheses are not required in this new approach. In this paper we extend Sweedler's result to simple artinian rings using a particular class of corings, comatrix corings. A Jacobson-Bourbaki like correspondence for simple artinian rings is then obtained by duality.
We introduce partial (co)actions of a Hopf algebra $H$ on an algebra. To this end, we introduce first the notion of lax coring, generalizing Wisbauer's notion of weak coring. We also have the dual notion of lax ring. Several duality results are given, and we develop Galois theory for partial $H$-comodule algebras.
We introduce group corings, and study functors between categories of comodules over group corings, and the relationship to graded modules over graded rings. Galois group corings are defined, and a Structure Theorem for the $G$-comodules over a Galois group coring is given. We study (graded) Morita contexts associated to a group coring. Our theory is applied to group corings associated to a comodule algebra over a Hopf group coalgebra.
We investigate which aspects of recent developments on Galois corings and comodules admit a formulation in terms of comonads. This approach hopefully will permit of focusing in what is specific in each particular future situation, having some relevant general results for granted. The general theory is applied to the study of comodules over corings over firm rings.
We develop a Galois (descent) theory for comonads within the framework of bicategories. We give generalizations of Beck's theorem and the Joyal-Tierney theorem. Many examples are provided, including classical descent theory, Hopf-Galois theory over Hopf algebras and Hopf algebroids, Galois theory for corings and group-corings, and Morita-Takeuchi theory for corings. As an application we construct a new type of comatrix corings based on (dual) quasi bialgebras.
We give a characterization, in terms of Galois infinite comatrix corings, of the corings that decompose as a direct sum of left comodules which are finitely generated as left modules. Then we show that the associated rational functor is exact. This is the case of a right semiperfect coring which is locally projective and whose Galois comodule is a projective left unital module with superfluous radical.
We show the close connection between appearingly different Galois theories for comodules introduced recently in [J. Gómez-Torrecillas and J. Vercruysse, Comatrix corings and Galois Comodules over firm rings, arXiv:math.RA/0509106.] and [R. Wisbauer, On Galois comodules (2004), to appear in Comm. Algebra.]. Furthermore we study equivalences between categories of comodules over a coring and modules over a firm ring. We show that these equivalences are related to Galois theory for comodules.
We characterize the corings whose category of comodules has a generating set of small projective comodules in terms of the (non commutative) descent theory. In order to extricate the structure of these corings, we give a generalization of the notions of comatrix coring and Galois comodule which avoid finiteness conditions. A sufficient condition for a coring to be isomorphic to an infinite comatrix coring is found. We deduce in particular that any coalgebra over a field and the coring associated to a group-graded ring are isomorphic to adequate infinite comatrix corings. We also characterize w…
An extension B\subset A of algebras over a commutative ring k is an H-extension for an L-bialgebroid H if A is an H-comodule algebra and B is the subalgebra of its coinvariants. It is H-Galois if the canonical map A\otimes_B A\to A\otimes_L H is an isomorphism or, equivalently, if the canonical coring (A\otimes_L H:A) is a Galois coring. In the case of a Hopf algebroid H=(H_L,H_R,S) any H_R-extension is shown to be also an H_L-extension. If the antipode is bijective then also the notions of H_R-Galois extensions and of H_L-Galois extensions are proven to coincide. Results about bijective entwi…
Generalising the notion of Galois corings, Galois comodules were introduced as comodules $P$ over an $A$-coring $\cC$ for which $P_A$ is finitely generated and projective and the evaluation map $μ_\cC:\Hom^\cC(P,\cC)\ot_SP\to \cC$ is an isomorphism (of corings) where $S=\End^\cC(P)$. It was observed that for such comodules the functors $\Hom_A(P,-)\ot_SP$ and $-\ot_A\cC$ from the category of right $A$-modules to the category of right $\cC$-comodules are isomorphic. In this note we call modules $P$ with this property {\em Galois comodules} without requiring $P_A$ to be finitely generated and pr…
Galois comodules of a coring are studied. The conditions for a simple comodule to be a Galois comodule are found. A special class of Galois comodules termed principal comodules is introduced. These are defined as Galois comodules that are projective over their comodule endomorphism rings. A complete description of principal comodules in the case a background ring is a field is found. In particular it is shown that a (finitely generated and projective) right comodule of an $A$-coring $\mathcal C$ is principal provided a lifting of the canonical map is a split epimorphism in the category of left…
A Morita context is constructed for any comodule of a coring and, more generally, for an $L$-$\cC$ bicomodule $Σ$ for a pure coring extension $(\cD:L)$ of $(\cC:A)$. It is related to a 2-object subcategory of the category of $k$-linear functors $\Mm^\Cc\to\Mm^\Dd$. Strictness of the Morita context is shown to imply the Galois property of $Σ$ as a $\cC$-comodule and a Weak Structure Theorem. Sufficient conditions are found also for a Strong Structure Theorem to hold. Cleft property of an $L$-$\cC$ bicomodule $Σ$ -- implying strictness of the associated Morita context -- is introduced. It is sho…
This paper is a written form of a talk. It gives a review of various notions of Galois (and in particular cleft) extensions. Extensions by coalgebras,bialgebras and Hopf algebras (over a commutative base ring) and by corings,bialgebroids and Hopf algebroids (over a non-commutative base algebra) are systematically recalled and compared. In the first version of this paper, the journal version of [15, Theorem 2.6] was heavily used, in two respects. First, it was applied to establish an isomorphism between the comodule categories of two constituent bialgebroids in a Hopf algebroid. Second, it was …
To a finite Hopf-Galois extension $A | B$ we associate dual bialgebroids $S := \End_BA_B$ and $T := (A ø_B A)^B$ over the centralizer $R$ using the depth two theory in math.RA/0108067. First we extend results on the equivalence of certain properties of Hopf-Galois extensions with corresponding properties of the coacting Hopf algebra \cite{KT,Doi} to depth two extensions using coring theory math.RA/0002105. Next we show that $T^{\rm op}$ is a Hopf algebroid over the centralizer $R$ via Lu's theorem 5.1 in math.QA/9505024 for smash products with special modules over the Drinfel'd double, the Miy…
We prove that a depth two Hopf subalgebra K of a semisimple Hopf algebra H is normal (where the ground field $k$ is algebraically closed of characteristic zero). This means on the one hand that a Hopf subalgebra is normal when inducing (then restricting) modules several times as opposed to one time creates no new simple constituents. This point of view was taken in the paper http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0409346 which established a normality result in case H and K are finite group algebras. On the other hand this means that K is normal in H when H | K is a Galois extension with respect to action o…
It is shown that the cochain complex of relative Hochschild A-valued cochains of a depth two extension A | B under cup product is isomorphic as a differential graded algebra with the Amitsur complex of the coring S = End {}_BA_B over the centralizer R = A^B with grouplike element 1_S, which itself is isomorphic to the Cartier complex of S with coefficients in the (S,S)-bicomodule R^e. This specializes to finite dimensional algebras, H-separable extensions and Hopf-Galois extensions.
The notions of a cleft extension and a cross product with a Hopf algebroid are introduced and studied. In particular it is shown that an extension (with a Hopf algebroid $H= (H_L,H_R)$) is cleft if and only if it is $H_R$-Galois and has a normal basis property relative to the base ring $L$ of $H_L$. Cleft extensions are identified as crossed products with invertible cocycles. The relationship between the equivalence classes of crossed products and gauge transformations is established. Strong connections in cleft extensions are classified and sufficient conditions are derived for the Chern-Galo…
