We prove that a depth two Hopf subalgebra K of a semisimple Hopf algebra H is normal (where the ground field $k$ is algebraically closed of characteristic zero). This means on the one hand that a Hopf subalgebra is normal when inducing (then restricting) modules several times as opposed to one time creates no new simple constituents. This point of view was taken in the paper http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0409346 which established a normality result in case H and K are finite group algebras. On the other hand this means that K is normal in H when H | K is a Galois extension with respect to action of generalized bialgebras such as bialgebroids, weak Hopf algebras or Hopf algebroids. The generalized Galois picture of depth two is the point of view we take here: after showing the centralizer R is separable algebra via Hopf invariant theory, we compute that the depth two semisimple Hopf algebra pair H | K is free Frobenius extension with Markov trace satisfying all hypotheses considered in Kadison and Nikshych, Frobenius Extensions and Weak Hopf Algebras, J.Algebra 244 (2001). By the main theorem in that paper it is then a Galois extension with action of semisimple weak Hopf algebra (also regular and possessing Haar integral). Then the Galois canonical isomorphism (via coring theory) restricted to integral induces algebra homomorphism from Hopf algebra into weak Hopf algebra with kernel HK^+ = K^+H.
In this paper we completely classify nontrivial semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension 16. We also compute all the possible structures of the Grothendieck ring of semisimple non-commutative Hopf algebras of dimension 16. Moreover, we prove that non-commutative semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension p^n, p is prime, cannot have a cyclic group of grouplikes.
An extension of $k$-algebras $B \subset A$ is said to have depth one if there exists a positive integer $n$ such that $ A$ is a direct summand of $ B^n$ in $_B\mtr{Mod}_B$. Depth one extensions of semisimple algebras are completely characterized in terms of their centers. For extensions of semisimple Hopf algebras our results are similar to those obtained for finite group algebra extensions in \cite{BKone}.
Masuoka proved (2009) that a finite-dimensional irreducible Hopf algebra $H$ in positive characteristic is semisimple if and only if it is commutative semisimple if and only if the Hopf subalgebra generated by all primitives is semisimple. In this paper, we give another proof of this result by using Hochschild cohomology of coalgebras.
We construct a class of non-commutative, non-cocommutative, semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $2n^2$ and present conditions to define an inner faithful action of these Hopf algebras on quantum polynomial algebras, providing, in this way, more examples of semisimple Hopf actions which do not factor through group actions. Also, under certain condition, we classify the inner faithful Hopf actions of the Kac-Paljutkin Hopf algebra of dimension $8$, $H_8$, on the quantum plane.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. In this paper, we obtain the structure theorems for semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $p^2q^2$ over $k$, where $p,q$ are prime numbers with $p^2<q$. As an application, we also obtain the structure theorems for semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $9p^2$ and $25q^2$ for all primes $3\neq p$ and $5\neq q$.
Let $p,q$ be prime numbers with $p>q^3$, and $k$ an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. In this paper, we obtain the structure theorems for semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $pq^3$.
We study actions of semisimple Hopf algebras H on Weyl algebras A over a field of characteristic zero. We show that the action of H on A must factor through a group algebra; in other words, if H acts inner faithfully on A, then H is cocommutative. The techniques used include reduction modulo a prime number and the study of semisimple cosemisimple Hopf actions on division algebras.
Let $p,q$ be prime numbers with $p^4<q$, and $k$ an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We show that semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $p^2q^2$ can be constructed either from group algebras and their duals by means of extensions, or from Radford biproduct $R#kG$, where $kG$ is the group algebra of group $G$ of order $p^2$, $R$ is a semisimple Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf algebra in ${}^{kG}_{kG}\mathcal{YD}$ of dimension $q^2$. As an application, the special case that the structure of semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $4q^2$ is given.
We describe the Galois objects and biGalois groups of monomial nonsemisimple Hopf algebras. The main feature of our description is the use of modified versions of the second cohomology group of the grouplike elements. These computations generalize the previous ones of Masuoka and Schauenburg for the Taft algebras.
We develop the theory of semisimple weak Hopf algebras and obtain analogues of a number of classical results for ordinary semisimple Hopf algebras. We prove a criterion for semisimplicity and analyze the square of the antipode S^2 of a semisimple weak Hopf algebra A. We explain how the Frobenius-Perron dimensions of irreducible A-modules and eigenvalues of S^2 can be computed using the inclusion matrix associated to A. A trace formula of Larson and Radford is extended to a relation between the global and Frobenius-Perron dimensions of A. Finally, an analogue of the Class Equation of Kac and Zh…
In formulating a generalized framework to study certain noncommutative algebras naturally arising in representation theory, K. A. Brown asked if every finitely generated Hopf algebra satisfying a polynomial identity was finite over a normal commutative Hopf subalgebra. In this note we show that Radford's biproduct, applied to the enveloping algebra of the Lie superalgebra pl(1,1), provides a noetherian prime counterexample.
A description of all normal Hopf subalgebras of a semisimple Drinfeld double is given. This is obtained by considering an analogue of Goursat's lemma concerning fusion subcategories of Deligne products of two fusion categories. As an application we show that the Drinfeld double of any abelian extension is also an abelian extension.
Let $q>2$ be a prime number, $d$ be an odd square-free natural number, and $n$ be a non-negative integer. We prove that a semisimple quasitriangular Hopf algebra of dimension $dq^n$ is solvable in the sense of Etingof, Nikshych and Ostrik. In particular, if $n\leq 3$ then it is either isomorphic to $k^G$ for some abelian group $G$, or twist equivalent to a Hopf algebra which fits into a cocentral abelian exact sequence.
We continue our study of the McKay Correspondence for grading preserving actions of semisimple Hopf algebras H on (noncommutative) Artin-Schelter regular algebras A. Here, we establish correspondences between module categories over A^H, over A\#H, and over \End_{A^H} A. We also study homological properties of (endomorphism rings of) maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over A^H.
Let H be a Hopf algebra of dimension pq over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, where p <= q are odd primes. Suppose that S is the antipode of H. If H is not semisimple, then S^{4p}=id_H and Tr(S^{2p}) is an integer divisible by p^2. In particular, if dim H = p^2, we prove that H is isomorphic to a Taft algebra. We then complete the classification for the Hopf algebras of dimension p^2.
In establishing a more general version of the McKay correspondence, we prove Auslander's theorem for actions of semisimple Hopf algebras H on noncommutative Artin-Schelter regular algebras A of global dimension two, where A is a graded H-module algebra, and the Hopf action on A is inner faithful with trivial homological determinant. We also show that each fixed ring A^H under such an action arises an analogue of a coordinate ring of a Kleinian singularity.
The question of whether or not a Hopf algebra $H$ is faithfully flat over a Hopf subalgebra $A$ has received positive answers in several particular cases: when $H$ (or more generally, just $A$) is commutative, or cocommutative, or pointed, or when $K$ contains the coradical of $H$. We prove the statement in the title, adding the class of cosemisimple Hopf algebras to those known to be faithfully flat over all Hopf subalgebras. We also show that the third term of the resulting "exact sequence" $A\to H\to C$ is always a cosemisimple coalgebra, and that the expectation $H\to A$ is positive when $…
Let $G$ be a finite group and let $π: G \to G'$ be a surjective group homomorphism. Consider the cocycle deformation $L = H^σ$ of the Hopf algebra $H = k^G$ of $k$-valued linear functions on $G$, with respect to some convolution invertible 2-cocycle $σ$. The (normal) Hopf subalgebra $k^{G'} \subseteq k^G$ corresponds to a Hopf subalgebra $L' \subseteq L$. Our main result is an explicit necessary and sufficient condition for the normality of $L'$ in $L$.
Let $q$ be a prime number, $k$ an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, and $H$ a semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension $2q^3$. This paper proves that $H$ is always semisolvable. That is, such Hopf algebras can be obtained by (a number of) extensions from group algebras or duals of group algebras.
We introduce new polynomial invariants of a finite-dimensional semisimple and cosemisimple Hopf algebra A over a field by using the braiding structures of A. We investigate basic properties of the polynomial invariants including stability under extension of the base field. Furthermore, we show that our polynomial invariants are indeed tensor invariants of the representation category of A, and recognize the difference of the representation category and the representation ring of A. Actually, by computing and comparing polynomial invariants, we find new examples of pairs of Hopf algebras whose r…
Let H be a semisimple (so, finite dimensional) Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero and let A be a commutative domain over k. We show that if A arises as an H-module algebra via an inner faithful H-action, then H must be a group algebra. This answers a question of E. Kirkman and J. Kuzmanovich and partially answers a question of M. Cohen. The main results of this article extend to working over k of positive characteristic. On the other hand, we obtain results on Hopf actions on Weyl algebras as a consequence of the main theorem.
S. Montgomery and S. Witherspoon proved that upper and lower semisolvable, semisimple, finite dimensional Hopf algebras are of Froebenius type when their dimensions are not divisible by the characteristic of the base field. In this note we show that a finite dimensional, semisimple, lower solvable Hopf algebra is always of Froebenius type, in arbitrary characteristic.
In this paper, we define the higher Frobenius-Schur (FS-)indicators for finite-dimensional modules $V$ of a semisimple quasi-Hopf algebra $H$ via the categorical counterpart developed in \cite{NS05}. We prove that this definition of higher FS-indicators coincides with the higher indicators introduced by Kashina, Sommerhäuser, and Zhu when $H$ is a Hopf algebra. We also obtain a sequence of canonical central elements of $H$, which is invariant under gauge transformations, whose values, when evaluated by the character of an $H$-module $V$, are the higher Frobenius-Schur indicators of $V$. As an …
We show that there is a family of complex semisimple Hopf algebras that do not admit a Hopf order over any number ring. They are Drinfel'd twists of certain group algebras. The twist contains a scalar fraction which makes impossible the definability of such Hopf algebras over number rings. We also prove that a complex semisimple Hopf algebra satisfies Kaplansky's sixth conjecture if and only if it admits a weak order, in the sense of Rumynin and Lorenz, over the integers.
A general Mackey type decomposition for representations of semisimple Hopf algebras is investigated. We show that such a decomposition occurs in the case that the module is induced from an arbitrary Hopf subalgebra and it is restricted back to a group subalgebra. Some other examples when such a decomposition occurs are also constructed. They arise from gradings on the category of corepresentations of a semisimple Hopf algebra and provide new examples of Green functors in the literature.
The aim of this article is to give a quantization of some coisotropic subalgebras in complex semisimple Lie bialgebras. The coisotropic subalgebras that will be quantized are those given by Zambon in his paper "`A Construction for coisotropic subalgebras of Lie Bialgebras"' [Zam08]. We will also extend the construction for the exceptional complex semisimple Lie bialgebras.
We develop a theory of right group-like projections in Hopf algebras linking them with the theory of left coideal subalgebras with two sided counital integrals. Every right group-like projection is associated with a left coideal subalgebra, maximal among the ones containing the given group-like projection as an integral, and we show that that subalgebra is finite dimensional. We observe that in a semisimple Hopf algebra $H$ every left coideal subalgebra has an integral and we prove a 1-1 correspondence between right group-like projections and left coideal subalgebras of $H$. We provide a numbe…
Let $S$ be the left $R$-bialgebroid of a depth two extension with centralizer $R$ as defined in math.QA/0108067. We show that the left endomorphism ring of depth two extension, not necessarily balanced, is a left $S$-Galois extension of $A^{\rm op}$. Looking to examples of depth two, we establish that a Hopf subalgebra is normal if and only if it is a Hopf-Galois extension. We find a class of examples of the alternative Hopf algebroids in math.QA/0302325. We also characterize finite weak Hopf-Galois extensions using an alternate Galois canonical mapping with several corollaries: that these are…
We prove that, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, a semisimple Hopf algebra that has a nontrivial self-dual simple module must have even dimension. This generalizes a classical result of W. Burnside. As an application, we show under the same assumptions that a semisimple Hopf algebra that has a simple module of even dimension must itself have even dimension.
Two new results concerning complements in a semisimple Hopf algebra are proved. They extend some well known results from group theory. The uniqueness of Krull Schmidt Remak type decomposition is proved for semisimple completely reducible Hopf algebras.
In his paper "A Construction for Coisotropic Subalgebras of Lie Bialgebras", Marco Zambon gave a way to use a long root of a complex semisimple Lie biaglebra $\mathfrak{g}$ to construct a coisotropic subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$. In this paper, we generalize Zambon's construction. Our construction is based on the theory of Lagrangian subalgebras of the double $\mathfrak{g}\oplus\mathfrak{g}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$, and our coisotropic subalgebras correspond to torus fixed points in the variety $\mathcal{L}(\mathfrak{g}\oplus\mathfrak{g})$ of Lagrangian subalgebras of $\mathfrak{g}\oplus\mathfrak{g}…
We construct quasi-Hopf algebras associated with a semisimple Lie algebra, a complex curve and a rational differential. This generalizes our previous joint work with V. Rubtsov (Israel J. Math. (1999) and q-alg/9608005).
We prove that every semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension less than 60 over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero is either upper or lower semisolvable up to a cocycle twist.
In this paper we consider some properties of semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension pq where p and q are distinct primes. These properties are useful for classification of such Hopf algebras. In particular, we show that for such a Hopf algebra H, if H and H^* are of Frobenius type then H or H^* is a group algebra.
The goal of this paper is to give a new method of constructing finite-dimensional semisimple triangular Hopf algebras, including minimal ones which are non-trivial (i.e. not group algebras). The paper shows that such Hopf algebras are quite abundant. It also discovers an unexpected connection of such Hopf algebras with bijective 1-cocycles on finite groups and set-theoretical solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation defined by Drinfeld.
In the category of semisimple Hopf algebras the Hopf kernels introduced by Andruskiewitsch and Devoto in \cite{AD} coincide with kernels of representation as introduced in \cite{Bker}. Some new results concerning the normality of kernels are also presented. It is proven that the property for Hopf algebras to have all kernels normal Hopf subalgebras is a self dual property.
We use integrals of left coideal subalgebras to develop Harmonic analysis for semisimple Hopf algebras. We show how $N^*,$ the space of functional on $N,$ is embedded in $H^*.$ We define a bilinear form on $N^*$ and show that irreducible $N$-characters are orthogonal with respect to that form. We then give an explicit formula for induced characters of $N$ and show how the induced characters are embedded in $R(H).$ In the second part we give an intrinsic definition for solvable semisimple Hopf algebras via left coideal subalgebras and their integrals. We show how this definition generalizes sol…
Let $H$ be a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. If $H$ is not semisimple and $\dim(H)=2n$ for some odd integer $n$, then $H$ or $H^*$ is not unimodular. Using this result, we prove that if $\dim(H)=2p$ for some odd prime $p$, then $H$ is semisimple. This completes the classification of Hopf algebras of dimension $2p$.
We define left and right kernels of representations of Hopf algebras. In the case of group algebras, left and right kernels coincide and they are the usual kernels of modules. In the general case we show that these kernels coincide with the categorical left and right Hopf kernels of morphisms of Hopf algebras defined in \cite{AD}. Brauer's theorem for kernels over group algebras is generalized to Hopf algebras.
Let $p$ and $q$ be distinct prime numbers. We study the Galois objects and cocycle deformations of the noncommutative, noncocommutative, semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$ and of dimension $pq^2$. We obtain that the $p+1$ non-isomorphic self-dual semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $p^3$ classified by Masuoka have no non-trivial cocycle deformations, extending his previous results for the 8-dimensional Kac-Paljutkin Hopf algebra. This is done as a consequence of the classification of categorical Morita equivalence classes among semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$, es…
To a semisimple and cosemisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field, we associate a planar algebra defined by generators and relations and show that it is a connected, irreducible, spherical, non-degenerate planar algebra with non-zero modulus and of depth two. This association is shown to yield a bijection between (the isomorphism classes, on both sides, of) such objects.
Hennings and Kuperberg defined quantum invariants $Z_{Henn}$ and $Z_{Kup}$ for closed oriented $3$-manifolds based on certain Hopf algebras, respectively. When the Hopf algebras are semisimple, it is shown that $Z_{Kup}=|Z_{Henn}|^2$. In this paper, we present a new proof of this equality.
In this paper we give two general formulae for the Müger centralizers in the category of representations of a semisimple quasitriangular Hopf algebra. The first formula is given in the terms of the Drinfeld map associated to the quasitriangular Hopf algebra. The second formula for the Müger centralizer is given in the terms of the conjugacy classes introduced by Cohen and Westreich in [J. Algebra 283 (2005), 42-62]. In the case of a factorizable Hopf algebra these formulae extend some particular cases obtained by the author in [Math. Z. 279 (2015), 227-240].
We give a Clifford correspondence for an algebra A over an algebraically closed field, that is an algorithm for constructing some finite-dimensional simple A-modules from simple modules for a subalgebra and endomorphism algebras. This applies to all finite-dimensional simple A-modules in the case that A is finite-dimensional and semisimple with a given semisimple subalgebra. We discuss connections between our work and earlier results, with a view towards applications particularly to finite-dimensional semisimple Hopf algebras.
In this paper we prove a formula that relates Müger's centralizer in the category of representations of a factorizable Hopf algebra to the notion of Hopf kernel of a representation of the dual Hopf algebra. Using this relation we obtain a complete description for Müger's centralizer of some fusion subcategories of the fusion category of finite dimensional representations of a Drinfeld double of a semisimple Hopf algebra.
We reduce certain proofs in math.RA/0108067, math.RA/0408155, and math.QA/0409589 to depth two quasibases from one side only, a minimalistic approach which leads to a characterization of Galois extensions for finite projective bialgebroids without the Frobenius extension property. We prove that a proper algebra extension is a left $T$-Galois extension for some right finite projective left bialgebroid over some algebra $R$ if and only if it is a left depth two and left balanced extension. Exchanging left and right in this statement, we have a characterization of right Galois extensions for left…
Given an action of a finite group G on a fusion category C we give a criterion for the category of G-equivariant objects in C to be group-theoretical, i.e., to be categorically Morita equivalent to a category of group-graded vector spaces. We use this criterion to answer affirmatively the question about existence of non group-theoretical semisimple Hopf algebras asked by P. Etingof, V. Ostrik, and the author in math/0203060. Namely, we show that certain Z/2Z-equivariantizations of fusion categories constructed by D. Tambara and S. Yamagami are equivalent to representation categories of non gro…
Let $H$ be a non-semisimple Hopf algebra with antipode $S$ of dimension $pq$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 where $p \le q$ are odd primes. We prove that $\Tr(S^{2p})=p^2d$ where $d \equiv pq \pmod{4}$. As a consequence, if $p,q$ are twin primes, then any Hopf algebra of dimension $pq$ is semisimple.
We investigate when a weak Hopf algebra H is Frobenius; we show this is not always true, but it is true if the semisimple base algebra A has all its matrix blocks of the same dimension. However, if A is a semisimple algebra not having this property, there is a weak Hopf algebra H with base A which is not Frobenius (and consequently, it is not Frobenius "over" A either). We give, moreover, a categorical counterpart of the result that a Hopf algebra is a Frobenius algebra for a noncoassociative generalization of weak Hopf algebra.
One of the most fundamental problems in the theory of finite- dimensional Hopf algebras is their classification over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0. This problem is extremely difficult, hence people restrict it to certain classes of Hopf algebras, e.g. to semisimple ones. Semisimple Hopf algebras deserve to be considered as "quantum" analogue of finite groups, but even so, the problem remains extremely hard (even in low dimensions) and very little is known. A great boost to the theory of Hopf algebras was given by Drinfeld who invented the fundamental class of (quasi)trian…
We show that semisimple Hopf algebras having a self-dual faithful irreducible comodule of dimension 2 are always obtained as abelian extensions with quotient Z_2. We prove that nontrivial Hopf algebras arising in this way can be regarded as deformations of binary polyhedral groups and describe its category of representations. We also prove a strengthening of a result of Nichols and Richmond on cosemisimple Hopf algebras with a 2-dimensional irreducible comodule in the finite dimensional context. Finally, we give some applications to the classification of certain classes of semisimple Hopf alge…
In this paper we study the isotypic decomposition of the regular module of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. For a semisimple Hopf algebra, the idempotents realizing the isotypic decomposition can be explicitly expressed in terms of characters and the Haar integral. In this paper we investigate Hopf algebras with the Chevalley property, which are not necessarily semisimple. We find explicit expressions for idempotents in terms of Hopf-algebraic data, where the Haar integral is replaced by the regular character of the dual Hopf algebra.…
We develop a general approach to the problem of classification of weak coideal C*-subalgebras of weak Hopf C*-algebras. As an example, we consider weak Hopf C*-algebras and their weak coideal C*-subalgebras associated with Tambara Yamagami categories.
In a previous paper we prove that any semisimple triangular Hopf algebra A over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 (say the field of complex numbers C) is obtained from a finite group after twisting the ordinary comultiplication of its group algebra in the sense of Drinfeld; that is A=C[G]^J for some finite group G and a twist J\in C[G]\ot C[G]. In this paper we explicitly describe the representation theory of co-triangular semisimple Hopf algebras A^*=(C[G]^J)^* in terms of representations of some associated groups. As a corollary we prove that Kaplansky's 6th conjecture from 1…
Masuoka proved that for a prime p, semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension 2p over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0, are trivial (i.e. are either group algebras or the dual of group algebras). Westreich and the second author obtained the same result for dimension 3p, and then pushed the analysis further and among the rest obtained the same result for semisimple Hopf algebras H of dimension pq so that H and H^* are of Frobenius type (i.e. the dimensions of their irreducible representations divide the dimension of H). They concluded with the conjecture that any semisimple Hopf a…
Braided Morita invariants of finite-dimensional semisimple and cosemisimple Hopf algebras with braidings are constructed by refining the polynomial invariants introduced by the author. The invariants are computed for the duals of Suzuki's braided Hopf algebras, and as an application of that, the braided Morita equivalence classes over the $8$-dimensional Kac-Paljutkin algebra are determined. This paper also includes the modified results and proofs on determination of the coribbon elements of Suzuki's braided Hopf algebras, that are discussed and given in my previous paper "The coribbon structu…
One way to obtain Quantized Universal Enveloping Algebras (QUEAs) of non-semisimple Lie algebras is by contracting QUEAs of semisimple Lie algebras. We prove that every contracted QUEA in a certain class is a cochain twist of the corresponding undeformed universal envelope. Consequently, these contracted QUEAs possess a triangular quasi-Hopf algebra structure. As examples, we consider kappa-Poincare in 3 and 4 spacetime dimensions.
