Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a $C^*$-algebra and $ϕ:\cA\to L(H)$ be a positive unital map. Then, for a convex function $f:I\to \mathbb{R}$ defined on some open interval and a self-adjoint element $a\in \mathcal{A}$ whose spectrum lies in $I$, we obtain a Jensen's-type inequality $f(ϕ(a)) \leq ϕ(f(a))$ where $\le$ denotes an operator preorder (usual order, spectral preorder, majorization) and depends on the class of convex functions considered i.e., operator convex, monotone convex and arbitrary convex functions. Some extensions of Jensen's-type inequalities to the multi-variable case are considered.
Classically, Jensen's Inequality asserts that if $X$ is a compact convex set, and $f:K\to \mathbb{R}$ is a convex function, then for any probability measure $μ$ on $K$, that $f(\text{bar}(μ))\le \int f\;dμ$, where $\text{bar}(μ)$ is the barycenter of $μ$. Recently, Davidson and Kennedy proved a noncommutative ("nc") version of Jensen's inequality that applies to nc convex functions, which take matrix values, with probability measures replaced by ucp maps. In the classical case, if $f$ is only a separately convex function, then $f$ still satisfies the Jensen inequality for any probability measu…
We study an elementary inequality supporting the classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality in the matrix setting. This leads to a number of interesting matrix inequalities such new Schatten p-norm estimates and new majorization
Jensen's operator inequality for convexifiable functions is obtained. This result contains classical Jensen's operator inequality as a particular case. As a consequence, a new refinement and a reverse of Young's inequality is given.
The Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya inequality of majorization is extended to the framework of ordered Banach spaces. Several applications illustrating our main results are also included.
This paper is mainly devoted to studying operator Jensen inequality. More precisely, a new generalization of Jensen inequality and its reverse version for convex (not necessary operator convex) functions have been proved. Several special cases are discussed as well.
We give a Jensen operator inequality for strongly convex functions. As a corollary, we improve operator Holder-McCarthy inequality under suitable conditions.
In this paper, we first provide a better estimate of the second inequality in Hermite-Hadamard inequality. Next, we study the reverse of the celebrated Davis-Choi-Jensen's inequality. Our results are employed to establish a new bound for the operator Kantorovich inequality.
The primary goal of this paper is to improve the operator version of Jensen inequality. As an application, we provide an improvement for the celebrated Ando's inequality. Additionally, we give a tight bound for the operator Hölder inequality.
In this paper we consider the order-like relation for self-adjoint operators on some Hilbert space. This relation is defined by using Jensen inequality. We will show that under some assumptions this relation is antisymmetric.
We give the Choi-Davis-Jensen type inequality without using convexity. Applying our main results, we also give new inequalities improving previous known results. In particular, we show some inequalities for relative operator entropies and quantum mechanical entropies.
This is a continuation of our previous paper. We consider a certain order-like relation for positive operators on a Hilbert space. This relation is defined by using the Jensen inequality with respect to the square-root function. We show that this relation is antisymmetric if the operators are invertible.
The Hardy-Littlewood-Polya inequality of majorization is extended for the ω-m-star-convex functions to the framework of ordered Banach spaces. Several open problems which seem of interest for further extensions of the Hardy-Littlewood-Polya inequality are also included.
We extend ideas of Garling to consider the so called Hardy martingales in a more general setting of H^p theory of compact abelian groups with ordered dual. As a consequence, we obtain a new proof of a result of Helson and Lowdenslager which generalizes Jensen's Inequality for H^1 functions.
Mercer inequality for convex functions is a variant of Jensen's inequality, with an operator version that is still valid without operator convexity. This paper is two folded. First, we present a Mercer-type inequality for operators without assuming convexity nor operator convexity. Yet, this form refines the known inequalities in the literature. Second, we present a log-convex version for operators. We then use these results to refine some inequalities related to quasi-arithmetic means of Mercer's type for operators.
In this work, an operator superquadratic function (in operator sense) for positive Hilbert space operators is defined. Several examples with some important properties together with some observations which are related to the operator convexity are pointed out. Equivalent statements of a non-commutative version of Jensen's inequality for operator superquadratic function are established. A generalization of the main result to any positive unital linear map is also provided.
We establish in this paper some inequalities for analytic and convex functions on an open interval and positive normalized functionals defined on a Hermitian unital Banach *-algebra. Reverses and refinements of Jensen's and Slater's type inequalities are provided. Some examples for particular convex functions of interest are given as well.
The purpose of this paper is to establish new log-majorization results concerning eigenvalues and singular values which generalize some previous work related to a conjecture and an open question which were presented by R. Lemos and G. Soares in \cite{lemos}. In addition, we present a complement of a unitarily invariant norm inequality which was conjectured by R. Bhatia, Y. Lim and T. Yamazaki in \cite{Bhatia2}, and recently proved by T.H. Dinh, R. Dumitru and J.A. Franco in \cite{Dinh} for the Schatten p-norm with $1\leq p\leq \infty$.
In this paper, we prove an operator version of the Jensen's inequality and its converse for $h$-convex functions. We provide a refinement of the Jensen type inequality for $h$-convex functions. Moreover, we prove the Hermite-Hadamard's type inequality and a multiple operator version of the Jensen's inequality for $h$-convex functions. In particular, a result for convex, $P$-class, $s$-convex, Godunova-Levin, and $s$-Godunova-Levin functions can be deduced.
Given a linear map $T$ on a Euclidean Jordan algebra of rank $n$, we consider the set of all nonnegative vectors $q$ in $R^n$ with decreasing components that satisfy the pointwise weak-majorization inequality $λ(|T(x)|)\underset{w}{\prec}q*λ(|x|)$, where $λ$ is the eigenvalue map and $*$ denotes the componentwise product in $R^n$. With respect to the weak-majorization ordering, we show the existence of the least vector in this set. When $T$ is a positive map, the least vector is shown to be the join (in the weak-majorization order) of eigenvalue vectors of $T(e)$ and $T^*(e)$, where $e$ is the…
In this paper we use basic properties of strongly convex functions to obtain new inequalities including Jensen's type and Jensen-Mercer type inequalities. Applications for special means are pointed out as well. We also give a Jensen's operator inequality for strongly convex functions. As a corollary, we improve Hölder-McCarthy inequality under suitable conditions. More precisely we show that if $Sp\left( A \right)\subset I\subseteq \left( 1,\infty \right)$, then \[{{\left\langle Ax,x \right\rangle }^{r}}\le \left\langle {{A}^{r}}x,x \right\rangle -\frac{{{r}^{2}}-r}{2}\left( \left\langle {{A}^…
In this paper, we state some characterizations of $h$-convex function is defined on a convex set in a linear space. By doing so, we extend the Jensen-Mercer inequality for $h$-convex function. We will also define $h$-convex function for operators on a Hilbert space and present the operator version of the Jensen-Mercer inequality. Lastly, we propound the complementary inequality of Jensen's inequality for $h$-convex functions.
In this paper, we provide some inequalities for $P$-class functions and self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space including an operator version of the Jensen's inequality and the Hermite-Hadamard's type inequality. We improve the Hölder-MacCarthy inequality by providing an upper bound. Some refinements of the Jensen type inequality for $P$-class functions will be of interest.
A considerable amount of literature in the theory of inequality is devoted to the study of Jensen's and Young's inequality. This article presents a number of new inequalities involving the log-convex functions and the geometrically convex functions. As their consequences, we derive the refinements for Young's inequality and Jensen's inequality. In addition, the operator Jensen's type inequality is also developed for conditioned two functions. Utilizing these new inequalities, we investigate the operator inequalities related to the relative operator entropy.
We derive a new criterion for a real-valued function $u$ to be in the Sobolev space $W^{1,2}(\R^n)$. This criterion consists of comparing the value of a functional $\int f(u)$ with the values of the same functional applied to convolutions of $u$ with a Dirac sequence. The difference of these values converges to zero as the convolutions approach $u$, and we prove that the rate of convergence to zero is connected to regularity: $u\in W^{1,2}$ if and only if the convergence is sufficiently fast. We finally apply our criterium to a minimization problem with constraints, where regularity of minimiz…
We survey several significant results on the Bohr inequality and presented its generalizations in some new approaches. These are some Bohr type inequalities of Hilbert space operators related to the matrix order and the Jensen inequality. An eigenvalue extension of Bohr's inequality is discussed as well.
Motivated by some recently established operator Jensen-type inequalities related to a usual convexity, in the present paper we derive several more accurate operator Jensen-type inequalities for certain subclasses of convex functions. More precisely, we obtain interpolating series of Jensen-type inequalities for log-convex and non-negative superquadratic functions. In particular, we obtain the corresponding refinements of the Jensen-Mercer operator inequality for such classes of functions.
Let $f$ be an operator convex function on $(0,\infty)$, and $Φ$ be a unital positive linear maps on $B(H)$. we give a complementary inequality to Davis-Choi-Jensen's inequality as follows \begin{equation*} f(Φ(A))\geq \frac{4R(A,B)}{(1+R(A,B))^2}Φ(f(A)), \end{equation*} where $R(A, B)=\max\{r(A^{-1}B) ,r(B^{-1}A)\}$ and $r(A)$ is the spectral radius of $A$. We investigate the complementary inequalities related to the operator power means and the Karcher means via unital positive linear maps, and obtain the following result: If $A_{1}$, $A_{2}$,\dots, $A_{n}$, are positive definite operators in…
We study non-linear traces of Choquet type and Sugeno type on the algebra of compact operators. They have certain partial additivities. We show that these partial additivities characterize non-linear traces of both Choquet type and Sugeno type respectively. There exists a close relation between non-linear traces of Choquet type and majorization theory. We study trace class operators for non-linear traces of Choquet type. More generally we discuss Schatten-von Neumann $p$-class operators for non-linear traces of Choquet type. We determine when they form Banach spaces. This is an attempt of non-…
A Fan-Theobald-von Neumann system is a triple $(V,W,λ)$, where $V$ and $W$ are real inner product spaces and $λ:V \to W$ is a norm-preserving map satisfying a Fan-Theobald-von Neumann type inequality together with a condition for equality. Examples include Euclidean Jordan algebras, systems induced by certain hyperbolic polynomials, and normal decompositions systems (Eaton triples). In the previous paper (arXiv:1902.06640) we presented some basic properties of such systems and described results on optimization problems dealing with certain combinations of linear/distance and spectral functions…
We give an extension of Hua's inequality in pre-Hilbert $C^*$-modules without using convexity or the classical Hua's inequality. As a consequence, some known and new generalizations of this inequality are deduced. Providing a Jensen inequality in the content of Hilbert $C^*$-modules, another extension of Hua's inequality is obtained. We also present an operator Hua's inequality, which is equivalent to operator convexity of given continuous real function.
Following the recent work of Jiang and Lin (Linear Algebra Appl. 585 (2020) 45--49), we present more results (bounds) on Harnack type inequalities for matrices in terms of majorization (i.e., in partial products) of eigenvalues and singular values. We discuss and compare the bounds derived through different ways. Jiang and Lin's results imply Tung's version of Harnack's inequality (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 15 (1964) 375--381); our results %with simpler proofs are stronger and more general than Jiang and Lin's. We also show some majorization inequalities concerning Cayley transforms. Some open pr…
We present a weak majorization inequality and apply it to prove eigenvalue and unitarily invariant norm extensions of a version of the Bohr's inequality due to Vasić and Kečkić.
Jensen inequalities for positive linear maps of Choi and Hansen-Pedersen type are established for a large class of operator/matrix means. These results are also extensions of the Minkowski determinantal inequality. To this end we develop the study of anti-norms, a notion parallel to the symmetric norms in matrix analysis, including functionals like Schatten q-norms for a parameter q<1 and the Minkowski functional. An interpolation theorem for the Schur multiplication is given in this setting. Two sections have been added to the previous version, devoted to means of severable variables and anti…
Motivated by Horn's log-majorization (singular value) inequality $s(AB)\underset{log}{\prec} s(A)*s(B)$ and the related weak-majorization inequality $s(AB)\underset{w}{\prec} s(A)*s(B)$ for square complex matrices, we consider their Hermitian analogs $λ(\sqrt{A}B\sqrt{A}) \underset{log}{\prec} λ(A)*λ(B)$ for positive semidefinite matrices and $λ(|A\circ B|) \underset{w}{\prec} λ(|A|)*λ(|B|)$ for general (Hermitian) matrices, where $A\circ B$ denotes the Jordan product of $A$ and $B$ and $*$ denotes the componentwise product in $R^n$. In this paper, we extended these inequalities to the setting…
In this paper we introduce the notion of weak 2-positivity and present some examples. We establish some operator Cauchy--Schwarz inequalities involving the geometric mean and give some applications. In particular, we present some operator versions of Hua's inequality by using the Choi--Davis--Jensen inequality.
A sharp quantitative version of the $L_p-$mixed volume inequality is established. This is achieved by exploiting an improved Jensen inequality. This inequality is a generalization of Pinsker-Csiszár-Kullback inequality for the Tsallis entropy. Finally, a sharp quantitative version of the $L_p-$Brunn-Minkowski inequality is also proved as a corollary.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of conditional $h$-convex functions and we prove an operator version of the Jensen inequality for conditional $h$-convex functions. Using this type of functions, we give some refinements for Ky-Fan's inequality, arithmetic-geometric mean inequality, Chrystal inequality, and H$\ddot{o}$lder-McCarthy inequality. Many of the other inequalities can be refined by applying this new notion.
Given a positive operator-valued measure $ν$ acting on the Borel sets of a locally compact Hausdorff space $X$, with outcomes in the algebra $\mathcal B(\mathcal H)$ of all bounded operators on a (possibly infinite-dimensional) Hilbert space $\mathcal H$, one can consider $ν$-integrable functions $X\rightarrow \mathcal B(\mathcal H)$ that are positive quantum random variables. We define a seminorm on the span of such functions which in the quotient leads to a Banach space. We consider bistochastic operators acting on this space and majorization of quantum random variables is then defined with …
Sub-additive and super-additive inequalities for concave and convex functions have been generalized to the case of matrices by several authors over a period of time. These lead to some interesting inequalities for matrices, which in some cases coincide with, and in other cases are at variance with the corresponding inequalities for real numbers. We survey some of these matrix inequalities and do further investigations into these. We introduce the novel notion of dominated majorization between the spectra of two Hermitian matrices $B$ and $C$, dominated by a third Hermitian matrix $A$. Based on…
We present several matrix and operator inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type. We first establish a majorization version for monotone convex functions on matrices. We then utilize the Mond-Pecaric method to get an operator version for convex functions. We also present some applications. Finally we obtain an Hermite-Hadamard inequality for operator convex functions, positive linear maps and operators acting on Hilbert spaces.
We show that if $f$ is a non-negative superquadratic function, then $A\mapsto\mathrm{Tr}f(A)$ is a superquadratic function on the matrix algebra. In particular, \begin{align*} \tr f\left( {\frac{A + B}{2}} \right) +\tr f\left(\left| {\frac{A - B}{2}}\right|\right) \leq \frac{{\tr {f\left( A \right)} + \tr {f\left( B \right)} }}{2} \end{align*} holds for all positive matrices $A,B$. In addition, we present a Klein's inequality for superquadratic functions as $$ \mathrm{Tr}[f(A)-f(B)-(A-B)f'(B)]\geq \mathrm{Tr}[f(|A-B|)] $$ for all positive matrices $A,B$. It gives in particular an improvement o…
Convex functions have played a major role in the field of Mathematical inequalities. In this paper, we introduce a new concept related to convexity, which proves better estimates when the function is somehow more convex than another. In particular, we define what we called $g-$convexity as a generalization of $\log-$convexity. Then we prove that $g-$convex functions have better estimates in certain known inequalities like the Hermite-Hadard inequality, super additivity of convex functions, the Majorization inequality and some means inequalities. Strongly related to this, we define the index of…
