We prove that the statistical properties of random perturbations of a nonuniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphism are described by a finite number of stationary measures. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability of such dynamical systems. We show that a certain $C^2$-open class of nonuniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms introduced in [Alves, J; Bonatti, C. and Viana, V., SRB measures for partially hyperbolic systems with mostly expanding central direction, Invent. Math., 140 (2000), 351-398] are stochastically stable. Our setting encompasses that of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms as well. Moreover, the techniques used enable us to obtain SRB measures in this setting through zero-noise limit measures.
In this paper we obtain two criteria of stable ergodicity outside the partially hyperbolic scenario. In both criteria, we use a weak form of hyperbolicity called chain-hyperbolicity. It is obtained one criterion for diffeomorphisms with dominated splitting and one criterion for weakly partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. As an application of one of these criteria, we obtain the $C^1$-density of stable ergodicity inside a certain class of weakly partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.
Metric entropies along a hierarchy of unstable foliations are investigated for $C^1$ diffeomorphisms with dominated splitting. The analogues of Ruelle's inequality and Pesin's formula, which relate the metric entropy and Lyapunov exponents in each hierarchy, are given.
We study the existence of SRB measures of C 2 diffeomorphisms for attractors whose bundles admit Holder continuous invariant (non-dominated) splittings. We prove the existence when one subbundle has the non-uniform expanding property on a set with positive Lebesgue measure and the other subbundle admits non-positive Lyapunov exponents on a total probability set.
We study the Ruelle dynamical determinant of a real analytic diffeomorphism on a compact surface, assuming that the tangent space over the nonwandering set admits a dominated splitting. Combining previous work of Pujals and Sambarino with methods introduced by Rugh, we show that the determinant is either entire or holomorphic in a (possibly multiply) slit plane.
Let $f$ be a $C^1$-diffeomorphism and $μ$ be a hyperbolic ergodic $f$-invariant Borel probability measure with positive measure-theoretic entropy. Assume that the Oseledec splitting $$T_xM=E_1(x) \oplus\cdots\oplus E_s(x) \oplus E_{s+1}(x) \oplus\cdots\oplus E_l(x) $$ is dominated on the Oseledec basin $Γ$. We give extensions of Katok's Horseshoes construction. Moreover there is a dominated splitting corresponding to Oseledec subspace on horseshoes.
In this paper, we provide a technique result on the existence of Gibbs cu-states for diffeomorphisms with dominated splittings. More precisely, for given $C^2$ diffeomorphim $f$ with dominated splitting $T_ΛM = E\oplus F$ on an attractor $Λ$, by considering some suitable random perturbation of $f$, we show that for any zero noise limit of ergodic stationary measures, if it has positive integrable Lyapunov exponents along invariant sub-bundle $E$, then its ergodic components contain Gibbs cu-states associated to $E$. With this technique, we show the existence of SRB measures and physical measur…
We prove a rigidity theorem for dominated Hölder cocycles with values on diffeomorphism groups of a compact manifold over hyperbolic homeomorphisms. More precisely, we show that if two such cocycles have equal periodic data, then they are cohomologous.
Let Diff^1(M) be the set of all C^1-diffeomorphisms f : M \rightarrow M, where M is a compact boundaryless d-dimensional manifold, d \geq 2. We prove that there is a residual subset R of Diff^1(M) such that if f \in R and if H(p) is the homoclinic class associated with a hyperbolic periodic point p, then either H(p) admits a dominated splitting of the form E\oplusF1 \oplus...\oplusFk \oplusG, where Fi is not hyperbolic and one-dimensional, or f|H(p) has no symbolic extensions.
We prove three formulas for computing topological pressure of $C^1$-generic conservative diffeomorphism and show the continuity of topological pressure with respect to these diffeomorphisms. We prove for these generic diffeomorphisms that there is no equilibrium states with positive measure theoretic entropy. In particular, for hyperbolic potentials, there is no equilibrium states. For $C^1$ generic conservative diffeomorphism on compact surfaces with no dominated splitting and $ϕ_m(x):=-\frac{1}{m}\log \Vert D_x f^m\Vert, m \in \mathbb{N}$, we show that there exist equilibrium states with zer…
We study generic volume-preserving diffeomorphisms on compact manifolds. We show that the following property holds generically in the $C^1$ topology: Either there is at least one zero Lyapunov exponent at almost every point, or the set of points with only non-zero exponents forms an ergodic component. Moreover, if this nonuniformly hyperbolic component has positive measure then it is essentially dense in the manifold (that is, it has a positive measure intersection with any nonempty open set) and there is a global dominated splitting. For the proof we establish some new properties of independe…
For $C^1$ diffeomorphisms, we prove that the Pesin's entropy formula holds for some invariant measure supported on any topological attractor that admits a dominated splitting without mixed behavior. We also prove Shub's entropy conjecture for diffeomorphisms having such kind of splittings.
For any C1 diffeomorphism with dominated splitting we consider a nonempty set of invariant measures which describes the asymptotic statistics of Lebesgue-almost all orbits. They are the limits of convergent subsequences of averages of the Dirac delta measures supported on those orbits. We prove that the metric entropy of each of these measures is bounded from below by the sum of the Lyapunov exponents on the dominating subbundle. As a consequence, if those exponents are non negative, and if the exponents on the dominated subbundle are non positive, those measures satisfy the Pesin Entropy Form…
A classical construction due to Newhouse creates horseshoes from hyperbolic periodic orbits with large period and weak domination through local $C^1$-perturbations. Our main theorem shows that, when one works in the $C^1$ topology, the entropy of such horseshoes can be made arbitrarily close to an upper bound deriving from Ruelle's inequality, i.e., the sum of the positive Lyapunov exponents (or the same for the inverse diffeomorphism, whichever is smaller). Adapting classical techniques, we use perturbations that are local and can be chosen to preserve volume or symplectic form or a homoclini…
We introduce a new notion called generalized dominated splitting which is weaker than classical dominated splitting. We use this notion to generalize a result of Zhang\cite{Zh}: every diffeomorphism with nontrivial global generalized dominated splitting can not be minimal.
We show that diffeomorphisms with a dominated splitting of the form $E^s\oplus E^c\oplus E^u$, where $E^c$ is a nonhyperbolic central bundle that splits in a dominated way into 1-dimensional subbundles, are entropy-expansive. In particular, they have a principal symbolic extension and equilibrium states.
We prove that every robustly transitive and every stably ergodic symplectic diffeomorphism on a compact manifold admits a dominated splitting. In fact, these diffeomorphisms are partially hyperbolic.
We show a fibre-preserving self-diffeomorphism which has hyperbolic splittings along the fibres on a compact principal torus bundle is topologically conjugate to a map that is linear in the fibres.
We study generic diffeomorphisms with a homoclinc class with non empty interior and in particular those admitting a codimension one dominated splitting. We prove that if in the finest dominated splitting the extreme subbundles are one dimensional then the diffeomorphism is partially hyperbolic and from this we deduce that the diffeomorphism is transitive.
We show that the metric entropy of a $C^1$ diffeomorphism with a dominated splitting and the dominating bundle uniformly expanding is bounded from above by the integrated volume growth of the dominating (expanding) bundle plus the maximal Lyapunov exponent from the dominated bundle multiplied by its dimension. We also discuss different types of volume growth that can be associated with an expanding foliation and relationships between them, specially when there exists a closed form non-degenerate on the foliation. Some consequences for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms are presented.
We show that, for every compact n-dimensional manifold, n\geq 1, there is a residual subset of Diff^1(M) of diffeomorphisms for which the homoclinic class of any periodic saddle of f verifies one of the following two possibilities: Either it is contained in the closure of an infinite set of sinks or sources (Newhouse phenomenon), or it presents some weak form of hyperbolicity called dominated splitting (this is a generalization of a bidimensional result of Mane [Ma3}). In particular, we show that any C^1 -robustly transitive diffeomorphism admits a dominated splitting.
Recent works related to Palis conjecture of J. Yang, S. Crovisier, M. Sambarino and D. Yang showed that any aperiodic class of a $C^1$-generic diffeomorphism far away from homoclinic bifurcations (or homoclinic tangencies) is partially hyperbolic. We show in this paper that, generically, a non-trivial dominated splitting implies partial hyperbolicity for an aperiodic class if it is Lyapunov stable. More precisely, for $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms, if a Lyapunov stable aperiodic class has a non-trivial dominated splitting $E\oplus F$, then one of the two bundles is hyperbolic (either $E$ is co…
We propose a weak form of domination, called partially dominated splitting and the main result is that there is a partially dominated splitting over a nonsingular compact invariant set for a flow if, and only if, the associated linear Poincare flow has a dominated splitting
We consider families of diffeomorphisms with dominated splittings and preserving a Borel probability measure, and we study the regularity of the Lyapunov exponents associated to the invariant bundles with respect to the parameter. We obtain that the regularity is at least the sum of the regularities of the two invariant bundles (for regularities in $[0,1]$), and under suitable conditions we obtain formulas for the derivatives. Similar results are obtained for families of flows, and for the case when the invariant measure depends on the map. We also obtain several applications. Near the time on…
Hyperbolicity and dominated splitting are two of the most important concepts in the global analysis of differentiable dynamics. In this paper we give several equivalent characterizations of the dominated splitting and in particular we show a criterion for dynamical systems being dominated splitting in terms of hyperbolicity.18 pages
In these expository notes, we give a proof of regularity of Anosov splitting for Anosov diffeomorphisms in a torus. We also generalize the idea to higher dimensions and to Anosov flows.
Let $f:M\rightarrow M$ be a $C^1$ diffeomorphism with a dominated splitting on a compact Riemanian manifold $M$ without boundary. We state and prove several sufficient conditions for the topological entropy of $f$ to be positive. The conditions deal with the dynamical behaviour of the (non-necessarily invariant) Lebesgue measure. In particular, if the Lebesgue measure is $δ$-recurrent then the entropy of $f$ is positive. We give counterexamples showing that these sufficient conditions are not necessary. Finally, in the case of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, we give a positive lower boun…
We construct a diffeomorphism $f$ on 2-torus with a dominated splitting $E \oplus F$ such that there exists an open neighborhood $\mathcal{U} \ni f$ satisfying that for any $g \in \mathcal{U}$, neither $E_g$ nor $F_g$ is integrable.
For differentiable dynamical systems with dominated splittings, we give upper estimates on the measure-theoretic tail entropy in terms of Lyapunov exponents. As our primary application, we verify the upper semi-continuity of metric entropy in various settings with domination.
We prove that the Oseledets splittings of an ergodic hyperbolic measure of a $C^{1+ r}$ diffeomorphism can be approximated by that of atomic measures on hyperbolic periodic orbits. This removes the assumption on simple spectrum in \cite{Liang} and strengthens Katok's closing lemma.
We consider classes of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism $f:M\to M$ with splitting $TM=E^s\oplus E^c\oplus E^u$ and $\dim E^c=2$. These classes include for instance (perturbations of) the product of Anosov and conservative surface diffeomorphisms, skew products of surface diffeomorphisms over Anosov, partially hyperbolic symplectomorphisms on manifolds of dimension four with bidimensional center foliation whose center leaves are all compact. We prove that accessibility holds in these classes for $C^1$ open and $C^r$ dense subsets and moreover they are stably ergodic.
Given a linear cocycle over an ergodic homeomorphism on a compact metric space, we show that the existence of a uniform gap between the $p$-th and $(p+1)$-th Lyapunov exponent on a $C^0$-neighbourhood implies the existence of a dominated splitting of index $p$.
We present an example of a $\mathcal{C}^1$-robustly transitive skew-product with non-trivial, non-hyperbolic action on homology. The example is conservative, ergodic, non-uniformly hyperbolic and its fiber directions cannot be decomposed into two dominated expanded/contracted bundles.
In this paper we consider $C^1$ surface diffeomorphisms and study the existence of phase transitions, here expressed by the non-analiticity of the pressure function associated to smooth and geometric-type potentials. We prove that the space of $C^1$-surface diffeomorphisms admitting phase transitions is a $C^1$-Baire generic subset of the space of non-Anosov diffeomorphisms. In particular, if $S$ is a compact surface which is not homeomorphic to the 2-torus then a $C^1$-generic diffeomorphism on $S$ has phase transitions. We obtain similar statements in the context of $C^1$--volume preserving …
We study the ergodic theory of non-conservative C^1-generic diffeomorphisms. First, we show that homoclinic classes of arbitrary diffeomorphisms exhibit ergodic measures whose supports coincide with the homoclinic class. Second, we show that generic (for the weak topology) ergodic measures of C^1-generic diffeomorphisms are nonuniformly hyperbolic: they exhibit no zero Lyapunov exponents. Third, we extend a theorem by Sigmund on hyperbolic basic sets: every isolated transitive set L of any C^1-generic diffeomorphism f exhibits many ergodic hyperbolic measures whose supports coincide with the w…
Consider the space of analytic, quasi-periodic cocycles on the higher dimensional torus. We provide examples of cocycles with nontrivial Lyapunov spectrum, whose homotopy classes do not contain any cocycles satisfying the dominated splitting property. This shows that the main result in the recent work "Complex one-frequency cocycles" by A. Ávila, S. Jitomirskaya and C. Sadel does not hold in the higher dimensional torus setting.
Versions of the Oseledets multiplicative ergodic theorem for cocycles acting on infinite-dimensional Banach spaces have been investigated since the pioneering work of Ruelle in 1982 and are a topic of continuing research interest. For a cocycle to induce a continuous splitting in which the growth in one subbundle exponentially dominates the growth in another requires additional assumptions; a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such a dominated splitting was recently given by J. Bochi and N. Gourmelon for invertible finite-dimensional cocycles in discrete time. We extend th…
For a generic conservative diffeomorphism of a 3-manifold M, the Oseledets splitting is a globally dominated splitting. Moreover, either all Lyapunov exponents vanish almost everywhere, or else the system is non-uniformly hyperbolic and ergodic. This is the 3-dimensional version of a well-known result by Mañé-Bochi, stating that a generic conservative surface diffeomorphism is either Anosov or all Lyapunov exponents vanish almost everywhere. This result inspired and answers in the positive for dimension 3 a conjecture by Avila and Bochi. We also prove that all partially hyperbolic sets with po…
We introduce a new measure of instability of area-preserving twist diffeomorphisms, which generalizes the notions of angle of splitting of separatrices, and flux through a gap of a Cantori. As an example of application, we establish a sharp >0 lower bound on the topological entropy in a neighbourhood of a hyperbolic, unique action-minimizing fixed point, assuming only no topological obstruction to diffusion, i.e. no homotopically non-trivial invariant circle consisting of orbits with the rotation number 0. The proof is based on a new method of precise construction of positive entropy invariant…
We prove a perturbation (pasting) lemma for conservative (and symplectic) systems. This allows us to prove that $C^{\infty}$ volume preserving vector fields are $C^1$-dense in $C^{1}$ volume preserving vector fields (After the conclusion of this work, Ali Tahzibi pointed out to us that this result was proved in 1979 by Carlos Zuppa, although his proof is different from ours.). Moreover, we obtain that $C^1$ robustly transitive conservative flows in three-dimensional manifolds are Anosov and we conclude that there are no geometrical Lorenz-like sets for conservative flows. Also, by-product of t…
We give extensions of Katok's horseshoe constructions, comment on related results, and provide a self-contained proof. We consider either a $C^{1+α}$ diffeomorphism preserving a hyperbolic measure or a $C^1$ diffeomorphism preserving a hyperbolic measure whose support admits a dominated splitting.
In this paper we consider the semi-continuity of the physical-like measures for diffeomorphisms with dominated splittings. We prove that any weak-* limit of physical-like measures along a sequence of $C^1$ diffeomorphisms $\{f_n\}$ must be a Gibbs $F$-state for the limiting map $f$. As a consequence, we establish the statistical stability for the $C^1$ perturbation of the time-one map of three-dimensional Lorenz attractors, and the continuity of the physical measure for the diffeomorphisms constructed by Bonatti and Viana.
A diffeomorphism $f:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}^2$ in the plane is Anosov if it has a hyperbolic splitting at every point of the plane. The two known topological conjugacy classes of such diffeomorphisms are linear hyperbolic automorphisms and translations (the existence of Anosov structures for plane translations was originally shown by W. White). P. Mendes conjectured that these are the only topological conjugacy classes for Anosov diffeomorphisms in the plane. We prove that this claim holds when the Anosov diffeomorphism is the time-one map of a flow, via a theorem about foliations invariant …
We obtain sufficient conditions for an invariant splitting over a compact invariant subset of a $C^1$ flow $X_t$ to be dominated. In particular, we reduce the requirements to obtain sectional hyperbolicity and hyperbolicity.
