We study generic diffeomorphisms with a homoclinc class with non empty interior and in particular those admitting a codimension one dominated splitting. We prove that if in the finest dominated splitting the extreme subbundles are one dimensional then the diffeomorphism is partially hyperbolic and from this we deduce that the diffeomorphism is transitive.
In this paper, we construct (a) a pair of two regular Cantor sets in higher dimension which exhibits $C^1$-stable intersection and (b) a hyperbolic basic set which exhibits $C^2$-robust homoclinic tangency of the largest codimension for any higher dimensional manifold, using blenders. The former implies that an analog of Moreira's theorem on Cantor sets in the real line does not hold in higher dimension. The latter solves a question posed by Barrientos and A.Raibekas.
For piecewise-linear maps, the phenomenon that a branch of a one-dimensional unstable manifold of a periodic solution is completely contained in its stable manifold is codimension-two. Unlike codimension-one homoclinic corners, such `subsumed' homoclinic connections can be associated with stable periodic solutions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the dynamics near a generic subsumed homoclinic connection in two dimensions. Assuming the eigenvalues associated with the periodic solution satisfy $0 < |λ| < 1 < σ< \frac{1}{|λ|}$, in a two-parameter unfolding there exists an infinite sequ…
Adding small random parametric noise to an arc of diffeomophisms of a manifold of dimension 3, generically unfolding a codimension one quadratic homoclinic tangency q associated to a sectionally dissipative saddle fixed point p, we obtain not more than a finite number of physical probability measures, whose ergodic basins cover the orbits which are recurrent to a neighborhood of the tangency point $q$. This result is in contrast to the extension of Newhouse's phenomenon of coexistence of infinitely many sinks obtained by Palis and Viana in this setting. There is a similar result for the simple…
We construct partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms having semi-local robustly transitive sets with $C^1$-robust cycles of any co-index. These constructions also provide a new method to create $C^2$-robust homoclinic, equidimensional and heterodimensional tangencies of large codimension in dimension $d\geq 4$. The method to generate robust homoclinic and equidimensional tangencies also works in the symplectic setting. Thus, these are mechanisms for the robust non-hyperbolicity of symplectomorphisms in higher dimension.
The well-studied Hindmarsh-Rose model of neural action potential is revisited from the point of view of global bifurcation analysis. This slow-fast system of three paremeterised differential equations is arguably the simplest reduction of Hodgkin-Huxley models capable of exhibiting all qualitatively important distinct kinds of spiking and bursting behaviour. First, keeping the singular perturbation parameter fixed, a comprehensive two-parameter bifurcation diagram is computed by brute force. Of particular concern is the parameter regime where lobe-shaped regions of irregular bursting undergo a…
In this paper we study structurally stable homoclinic classes. In a natural way, the structural stability for an individual homoclinic class is defined through the continuation of periodic points. Since the homoclinic classes is not innately locally maximal, it is hard to answer whether structurally stable homoclinic classes are hyperbolic. In this article, we make some progress on this question. We prove that if a homoclinic class is structurally stable, then it admits a dominated splitting. Moreover we prove that codimension one structurally stable classes are hyperbolic. Also, if the diffeo…
We study main bifurcations of multidimensional diffeomorphisms having a non-transversal homoclinic orbit to a saddle-node fixed point. On a parameter plane we build a bifurcation diagram for single-round periodic orbits lying entirely in a small neighbourhood of the homoclinic orbit. Also a relation of our results to well-known codimension one bifurcations of a saddle fixed point with a quadratic homoclinic tangency and a saddle-node fixed point with a transversal homoclinic orbit is discussed.
We construct open sets of degenerate unfoldings of heterodimensional cycles of any co-index $c>0$ and homoclinic tangencies of arbitrary codimension $c>0$. These sets are known to be the support of unexpected phenomena in families of diffeomorphisms, such as the Kolmogorov typical co-existence of infinitely many attractors. As a prerequisite we also construct robust homoclinic tangencies of large codimension which cannot be inside a strong partially hyperbolic set.
We study a homoclinic flip bifurcation of case~\textbf{C}, where a homoclinic orbit to a saddle equilibrium with real eigenvalues changes from being orientable to nonorientable. This bifurcation is of codimension two, and it is the lowest codimension for a homoclinic bifurcation of a real saddle to generate chaotic behavior in the form of (suspended) Smale horseshoes and strange attractors. We present a detailed numerical case study of how global stable and unstable manifolds of the saddle equilibrium and of bifurcating periodic orbits interact close to such bifurcation. This is a step forward…
We study, for $C^1$ generic diffeomorphisms, homoclinic classes which are Lyapunov stable both for backward and forward iterations. We prove they must admit a dominated splitting and show that under some hypothesis they must be the whole manifold. As a consequence of our results we also prove that in dimension 2 the class must be the whole manifold and in dimension 3, these classes must have nonempty interior. Many results on Lyapunov stable homoclinic classes for $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms are also deduced.
In this paper, we explore the three-dimensional chaotic set near a homoclinic cycle to a hyperbolic bifocus at which the vector field has negative divergence. If the invariant manifolds of the bifocus satisfy a non-degeneracy condition, a sequence of hyperbolic suspended horseshoes arises near the cycle, with one expanding and two contracting directions. We extend previous results on the field and we show that the first return map to a given cross section may be approximated by a map exhibiting heteroclinic tangencies associated to two periodic orbits. When the cycle is broken, under an additi…
Global resonance is a mechanism by which a homoclinic tangency of a smooth map can have infinitely many asymptotically stable, single-round periodic solutions. To understand the bifurcation structure one would expect to see near such a tangency, in this paper we study one-parameter perturbations of typical globally resonant homoclinic tangencies. We assume the tangencies are formed by the stable and unstable manifolds of saddle fixed points of two-dimensional maps. We show the perturbations display two infinite sequences of bifurcations, one saddle-node the other period-doubling, between which…
In the space of polynomial maps of $\mathbb R^2$ of degree at least two, there are codimension $3$ laminations of maps with at least $3$ period doubling Cantor attractors. The leafs of the laminations are real-analytic and they have uniform diameter. The closure of each lamination contains the codimension one tangency locus of a saddle point. Asymptotically, the leafs of each lamination align with the leafs of the eigenvalue foliation. This is an example of general coexistence theorems valid for higher dimensional real-analytic unfoldings of two dimensional homoclinic tangencies.
Lorenz attractors are important objects in the modern theory of chaos. The reason from one side is that they are met in various natural applications (fluid dynamics, mechanics, laser dynamics, etc.). At the same time, Lorenz attractors are robust, in the sense that they are generally not destroyed by small perturbations (autonomous, non-autonomous, stochastic). This allows us to be sure that the observed in the experiment object is exactly the chaotic attractor, rather than a long-time periodic orbit. Discrete-time analogs of the Lorenz attractor possess even more complicated structure -- they…
We show that the conjugacy class of an eventually expanding continuous piecewise affine interval map is contained in a smooth codimension 1 submanifold of parameter space. In particular conjugacy classes have empty interior. This is based on a study of the relation between induced Markov maps and ergodic theoretical behavior.
In this paper, we study two properties of the Lyapunov exponents under small perturbations: one is when we can remove zero Lyapunov exponents and the other is when we can distinguish all the Lyapunov exponents. The first result shows that we can perturb all the zero integrated Lyapunov exponents $\int_M λ_j(x)dω(x)$ into nonzero ones, for any partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism. The second part contains an example which shows the local genericity of diffeomorphisms with non-simple spectrum and three results: one discusses the relation between simple-spectrum property and the existence of compl…
Random diffeomorphisms with bounded absolutely continuous noise are known to possess a finite number of stationary measures. We discuss dependence of stationary measures on an auxiliary parameter, thus describing bifurcations of families of random diffeomorphisms. A bifurcation theory is developed under mild regularity assumptions on the diffeomorphisms and the noise distribution (e.g. smooth diffeomorphisms with uniformly distributed additive noise are included). We distinguish bifurcations where the density function of a stationary measure varies discontinuously or where the support of a sta…