Product structures on four dimensional solvable Lie algebras

Classification of solvable Lie algebras

We illustrate some simple ideas that can be used for obtaining a classification of small-dimensional solvable Lie algebras.Using these we obtain the classification of 3 and 4 dimensional solvable Lie algebras (over fields of any characteristic). Precise conditions for isomorphism are given.

Lie solvable enveloping algebras of characteristic two

Lie solvable restricted enveloping algebras were characterized by Riley and Shalev except when the ground field is of characteristic 2. We resolve the characteristic 2 case here which completes the classification. As an application of our result, we obtain a characterization of ordinary Lie algebras over any field whose enveloping algebra is Lie solvable.

关于极大秩的可解李超代数

On solvable Lie superalgebras of maximal rank

本文研究了李超代数的超导子性质，在给定幂零根的条件下估计了补空间维数上界，并证明了极大秩可解李超代数同构于极大秩幂零根的极大可解扩张。

Classification of Frobenius, two-step solvable Lie poset algebras

We show that the isomorphism class of a two-step solvable Lie poset subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra is determined by its dimension. We further establish that all such algebras are absolutely rigid.

Classification of Solvable Lie algebras whose non-trivial Coadjoint Orbits of simply connected Lie groups are all of Codimension 2

We give a classification of real solvable Lie algebras whose non-trivial coadjoint orbits of corresponding simply connected Lie groups are all of codimension 2. These Lie algebras belong to a well-known class, called the class of MD-algebras.

Solvable Lie algebras derived from Lie hyperalgebras

Recently in \cite{s-n}, we have investigated Lie algebras and abelian Lie algebras derived from Lie hyperalgebras using the fundamental relations $\mathcal{L}$ and $\mathcal{A}$, respectively. In the present paper, continuing this method we obtain solvable Lie algebras from Lie hyperalgebras by $\mathcal{S}_n$-relations. We show that $\bigcap_{n\geq 1}\mathcal{S}^*_n$ is the smallest equivalence relation on a Lie hyperalgebra such that the quotient structure is a solvable Lie algebra. We also provide some necessary and sufficient conditions for transitivity of the relation $\mathcal{S}_n$ usin…

A class of Solvable Lie algebras

All finite-dimensional indecomposable solvable Lie algebras g, having the filiform Lie algebra Q_(2m+1) as the nilradical, are studied and classified. It turns out that the dimension of g is at most dimQ_(2m+1)+2.

Solvable Lie algebras and graphs

We define a solvable extension of the graph 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras of [5] by adding elements corresponding to the 3-cliques of the graph. We study some of their basic properties and we prove that two such Lie algebras are isomorphic if and only if their graphs are isomorphic. We also briefly discuss some metric properties, providing examples of homogeneous spaces with nonpositive curvature operator and solvsolitons.

Codimension growth of solvable Lie superalgebras

We study numerical invariants of identities of finite-dimensional solvable Lie superalgebras. We define new series of finite-dimensional solvable Lie superalgebras $L$ with non-nilpotent derived subalgebra $L'$ and discuss their codimension growth. For the first algebra of this series we prove the existence and integrality of $exp(L)$.

Extensions of solvable Lie algebras with naturally graded filiform nilradical

In this work we consider extensions of solvable Lie algebras with naturally graded filiform nilradicals. Note that there exist two naturally graded filiform Lie algebras $n_{n, 1}$ and $Q_{2n}.$ We find all one-dimensional central extensions of the algebra $n_{n, 1}$ and show that any extension of $Q_{2n}$ is split. After that we find one-dimensional extensions of solvable Lie algebras with nilradical $n_{n, 1}$. We prove that there exists a unique non-split central extension of solvable Lie algebras with nilradical $n_{n, 1}$ of maximal codimension. Moreover, all one-dimensional extensions of…

李超代数中的可解化剂与可解图

The Solvabilizers and Solvable Graphs in Lie Superalgebras

本文研究了李超代数的可解化剂与可解图，探讨了其作为同构不变量的应用及可解性度量的定义。

Local derivations on Solvable Lie algebras

We show that in the class of solvable Lie algebras there exist algebras which admit local derivations which are not ordinary derivation and also algebras for which every local derivation is a derivation. We found necessary and sufficient conditions under which any local derivation of solvable Lie algebras with abelian nilradical and one-dimensional complementary space is a derivation. Moreover, we prove that every local derivation on a finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra with model nilradical and maximal dimension of complementary space is a derivation.

基于可解群与幂零群的Hom-Lie代数提取算法

Extraction Algorithm of Hom-Lie Algebras Based on Solvable and Nilpotent Groups

本文借鉴群论中成熟的可解群、幂零群性质研究，构建了对应的可解与幂零Hom-Lie代数理论，并辅以示例说明，为Hom-Lie代数研究提供了新方向。

Outer derivations of complex solvable Lie algebras with nilradical of maximal rank

In the present paper we prove the existence outer derivations finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebras with nilradical of maximal rank and complementary subspace to nilardical of dimension less than rank of the nilradical.

Solvable quadratic Lie algebras in low dimensions

In this paper, we classify solvable quadratic Lie algebras up to dimension 6. In dimensions smaller than 6, we use the Witt decomposition given in \cite{Bou59} and a result in \cite{PU07} to obtain two non-Abelian indecomposable solvable quadratic Lie algebras. In the case of dimension 6, by applying the method of double extension given in \cite{Kac85} and \cite{MR85} and the classification result of singular quadratic Lie algebras in \cite{DPU}, we have three families of solvable quadratic Lie algebras which are indecomposable and not isomorphic.

The Betti numbers for a family of solvable Lie algebras

We give a characterization of symplectic quadratic Lie algebras that their Lie algebra of inner derivations has an invertible derivation. A family of symplectic quadratic Lie algebras is introduced to illustrate this situation. Finally, we calculate explicitly the Betti numbers of a family of solvable Lie algebras in two ways: using the cohomology of quadratic Lie algebras and applying a Pouseele's result on extensions of the one-dimensional Lie algebra by Heisenberg Lie algebras

On Solvable Lie and Leibniz Superalgebras with maximal codimension of nilradical

Along this paper we show that under certain conditions the method for describing of solvable Lie and Leibniz algebras with maximal codimension of nilradical is also extensible to Lie and Leibniz superalgebras, respectively. In particular, we totally determine the solvable Lie and Leibniz superalgebras with maximal codimension of model filiform and model nilpotent nilradicals. Finally, it is established that the superderivations of the obtained superalgebras are inner.

Solvable quadratic Lie algebras of dimensions $\leq 8$

In this paper, we classify solvable Lie algebras of dimensions $\leq 8$ endowed with a nondegenerate invariant symmetric bilinear form over an algebraically closed field. This classification (up to isometrically isomorphisms) is mainly based on the double extension method.

Solvable Leibniz algebras with naturally graded non-Lie $p$-filiform nilradicals

In this paper solvable Leibniz algebras with naturally graded non-Lie $p$-filiform $(n-p\geq4)$ nilradical and with one-dimensional complemented space of nilradical are described. Moreover, solvable Leibniz algebras with abelian nilradical and extremal (minimal, maximal) dimensions of complemented space nilradical are studied. The rigidity of solvable Leibniz algebras with abelian nilradical and maximal dimension of its complemented space is proved.

Non-singular derivations of solvable Lie algebras in prime characteristic

We study solvable Lie algebras in prime characteristic $p$ that admit non-singular derivations. We show that Jacobson's Theorem remains true if the quotients of the derived series have dimension less than~$p$. We also study the structure of Lie algebras with non-singular derivations in which the derived subalgebra is abelian and has codimension~one. The paper presents some new examples of solvable, but not nilpotent, Lie algebras of derived length~3 with non-singular derivations.

关于幂零李代数的极大可解扩张

On maximal solvable extensions of nilpotent Lie algebras

本文完整刻画了一类幂零李代数的极大可解扩张，证明其在d-局部可对角化条件下唯一并实现为半直积，解决Šnobl猜想，并推广至李超代数。

可解李超代数的恒等式余维数

Codimensions of identities of solvable Lie superalgebras

该研究针对特征零域上的李超代数恒等式问题，构造了换位子代数非幂零的有限维可解李超代数实例，证明了其PI指数存在且为整数。

Transposed Poisson structures on Galilean and solvable Lie algebras

Transposed Poisson structures on complex Galilean type Lie algebras and superalgebras are described. It was proven that all principal Galilean Lie algebras do not have non-trivial $\frac{1}{2}$-derivations and as it follows they do not admit non-trivial transposed Poisson structures. Also, we proved that each complex finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra admits a non-trivial transposed Poisson structure and a non-trivial ${\rm Hom}$-Lie structure.

关于小广度可解李代数的研究

On solvable Lie algebras of small breadth

本文研究了有限维可解李代数中广度小于等于2的结构，并对复数域上纯且非 nilpotent 的李代数进行了完整分类。

On maximal solvable extensions of a pure non-characteristically nilpotent Lie algebra

In this paper we introduce the notion of pure non-characteristically nilpotent Lie algebra and under a condition we prove that a complex maximal extension of a finite-dimensional pure non-characteristically nilpotent Lie algebra is isomorphic to a semidirect sum of the nilradical and its maximal torus. We also prove that such solvable Lie algebras are complete and we specify a subclass of the maximal solvable extensions of pure non-characteristically nilpotent Lie algebras that have trivial cohomology group. Some comparisons with the results obtained earlier are given.

On pro-solvable Lie algebras with maximal pro-nilpotent ideals $\mathfrak{m}_0$ and $\mathfrak{m}_2$

The paper is devoted to the study of pro-solvable Lie algebras whose maximal pro-nilpotent ideal is either $\mathfrak{m}_0$ or $\mathfrak{m}_2$. Namely, we describe such Lie algebras and establish their completeness. Triviality of the second cohomology group for one of the obtained algebra is established.

Classification of 7-dimensional solvable Lie algebras having 5-dimensional nilradicals

This paper presents a classification of 7-dimensional real and complex indecomposable solvable Lie algebras having some 5-dimensional nilradicals. Afterwards, we combine our results with those of Rubin and Winternitz (1993), Ndogmo and Winternitz (1994), Snobl and Winternitz (2005, 2009), Snobl and Karásek (2010) to obtain a complete classification of 7-dimensional real and complex indecomposable solvable Lie algebras with 5-dimensional nilradicals. In association with Gong (1998), Parry (2007), Hindeleh and Thompson (2008), we achieve a classification of 7-dimensional real and complex indecom…

On Conjugacy of Maximal Subalgebras of Solvable Lie Algebras

The purpose of this paper is to consider when two maximal subalgebras of a finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra $L$ are conjugate, and to investigate their intersection.

具有丝状幂零根基的可解李代数上的转置 Poisson 结构

Transposed Poisson structures on solvable Lie algebras with filiform nilradical

该研究利用具有线状幂零根基的可解李代数的 1/2-导子，建立交换结合乘法，从而构造出关联给定李代数的非平凡转置 Poisson 代数。

Abelian ideals of maximal dimension for solvable Lie algebras

We compare the maximal dimension of abelian subalgebras and the maximal dimension of abelian ideals for finite-dimensional Lie algebras. We show that these dimensions coincide for solvable Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We compute this invariant for all complex nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension n less than 8. Furthermore we study the case where there exists an abelian subalgebra of codimension 2. Here we explicitly construct an abelian ideal of codimension 2 in case of nilpotent Lie algebras.

李可解诺维科夫代数的根

Radicals of Lie-solvable Novikov algebras

研究李可解诺维科夫代数，证明其贝尔根与右幂零元集重合、安德拉诺维奇根与最大左拟正则理想重合，还探讨应用格尔范德 - 多尔夫曼构造后带导子交换代数性质的稳定性。

On the problem of classifying solvable Lie algebras having small codimensional derived algebras

This paper concerns the problem of classifying finite-dimensional real solvable Lie algebras whose derived algebras are of codimension 1 or 2. On the one hand, we present an effective method to classify all $(n+1)$-dimensional real solvable Lie algebras having 1-codimensional derived algebras provided that a full classification of $n$-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras is given. On the other hand, the problem of classifying all $(n+2)$-dimensional real solvable Lie algebras having 2-codimensional derived algebras is proved to be wild. In this case, we provide a method to classify a subclass of…

The isomorphism problem for universal enveloping algebras of four-dimensional solvable Lie algebras

This paper is a contribution to the isomorphism problem for universal enveloping algebras of finite-dimensional Lie algebras. We focus on solvable Lie algebras of small dimensions over fields of arbitrary characteristic. We prove, over an arbitrary field, that the isomorphism type of a metabelian Lie algebra whose derived subalgebra has codimension one is determined by its universal enveloping algebra. As an application of the results in this paper, we solve the isomorphism problem for solvable Lie algebras of dimension four over fields of characteristic zero and also point out the problems th…

Lie nilpotent Novikov algebras and Lie solvable Leavitt path algebras

In this paper, we first study properties of the lower central chains for Novikov algebras. Then we show that for every Lie nilpotent Novikov algebra~$\mathcal{N}$, the ideal of~$\mathcal{N}$ generated by the set~$\{ab - ba\mid a, b\in \mathcal{N}\}$ is nilpotent. We secondly provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the graph $E$ and the field $K$ for which the Leavitt path algebra $L_K(E)$ is Lie solvable. Consequently, we obtain a complete description of Lie nilpotent Leavitt path algebras, and show that the Lie solvability of~$L_K(E)$ and the Lie nilpotency of $[L_K(E),L_K(E)]$ are the…

幂零李代数与可解李代数的无穷维类似物

Infinite dimensional analogues of nilpotent and solvable Lie algebras

该文研究幂零与可解李代数的无穷维类似物，推广经典定理与秩的概念，构造特定剩余可解扩张，证明极大秩投射幂零代数的极大剩余可解扩张的导子均为内导子，还给出保持投射幂零性的标准构造。

维数不超过7的可解二次李代数

Solvable Quadratic Lie algebras up to dimension 7

本文借助双扩张方法，对特征不为2的任意域上维数不超过7的可解不可分解二次李代数，在代数闭域和实闭域上完成了等距同构意义下的完整分类。

可解李代数在有限域上的ζ函数——详细计算

Zeta functions of solvable Lie algebras over finite fields -- with calculations in detail

本文研究了有限域上维数小于等于4的可解李代数的子代数和理想计数的ζ函数，并探讨了其在李代数理论中的意义。

Cohomologically rigid solvable Lie superalgebras with model filiform and model nilpotent nilradical

In this paper, we find a family $SL^{n,m}$, in any arbitrary dimensions, of cohomologically rigid solvable Lie superalgebras with nilradical the model filiform Lie superalgebra $L^{n,m}$. Moreover, we exhibit a family of cohomologically rigid solvable Lie superalgebras with nilradical the model nilpotent Lie superalgebra of generic characteristic sequence. Both cases correspond to solvable Lie superalgebras of maximal dimension for a given nilradical. Contrariwise, we will show that the family of Lie superalgebras $SL^{n,m}$ can be deformed if defined over a field of odd characteristic.

A Cayley-Hamilton trace identity for 2 x 2 matrices over Lie-solvable rings

We exhibit a Cayley-Hamilton trace identity for $2\times2$ matrices with entries in a ring $R$ satisfying $[[x,y],[x,z]]=0$ and 1/2 \in R$.

The Second Cohomology Group of Elementary Quadratic Lie Superalgebras and Classifying a Subclass of 8-dimensional Solvable Quadratic Lie Superalgebras

By definition, a quadratic Lie superalgebra is a Lie superalgebra endowed with a non-degenerate supersymmetric bilinear form which satisfies the even and invariant properties. In this paper we calculate all of the second cohomology group of elementary quadratic Lie superalgebras which have been classified in \cite{DU14} by applying the super-Poisson bracket on the super exterior algebra. Besides, we give the classification of 8-dimensional solvable quadratic Lie superalgebras having 6-dimensional indecomposable even part. The method is based on the double extension and classification results o…

可解李代数中无不动点的自同构

Fixed-point-free automorphisms of solvable Lie algebras

研究可解李代数中无不动点自同构的存在性，证明此类李代数必为强单模的，且为复近近阿贝尔李代数存在无不动点自同构的充要条件，复filiform李代数中无不动点自同构等价于非特征 nilpotent。

On the determination of 2-step solvable Lie algebra from its weight graph

By using the concept of weight graph associated to certain nilpotent Lie algebras $\frak{g}$, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a semidirect product $\frak{g}\oplus T_{i}$, where $T_{i}<T$ is a subalgebra of a maximal torus of derivations $T$ of $\frak{g}$ which induces a decomposition of $\frak{g}$ into one dimensional weight spaces, to be 2-step solvable. In particular we show that the semidirect product of such a Lie algebra with its torus of derivations cannot be itself 2-step solvable.

Nilpotent Decomposition of Solvable Lie Algebras

Semisimple Lie algebras have been completely classified by Cartan and Killing. The Levi theorem states that every finite dimensional Lie algebra is isomorphic to a semidirect sum of its largest solvable ideal and a semisimple Lie algebra. These focus the classification of solvable Lie algebras as one of the main challenges of Lie algebra research. One approach towards this task is to take a class of nilpotent Lie algebras and construct all extensions of these algebras to solvable ones. In this paper, we propose another approach, i.e., to decompose a solvable nonnilpotent Lie algebra to two nil…

On behavior of solvable ideals of Lie algebras under outer derivations

Let $L$ be a finite dimensional Lie algebra over a field $F$. It is well known that the solvable radical $S(L)$ of the algebra $L$ is a characteristic ideal of $L$ if $\char F=0$ and there are counterexamples to this statement in case $\char F=p>0$. We prove that the sum $S(L)$ of all solvable ideals of a Lie algebra $L$ (not necessarily finite dimensional) is a characteristic ideal of $L$ in the following cases: 1) $\char F=0;$ 2) $S(L)$ is solvable and its derived length is less than $\log_{2}p.$ Some estimations (in characteristic 0) for the derived length of ideals $I+D(I)+... +D^{k}(I)$ a…

Solvable Leibniz algebras with naturally graded non-Lie $p$-filiform nilradicals and maximal complemented space of its nilradical

The present article is a part of the study of solvable Leibniz algebras with a given nilradical. In this paper solvable Leibniz algebras, whose nilradicals is naturally graded $p$-filiform non-Lie Leibniz algebra $(n-p\geq4)$ and the complemented space to nilradical has maximal dimension, are described up to isomorphism. Moreover, among obtained algebras we indicate the rigid and complete algebras

可解与完美李代数上的转置Poisson结构

Transposed Poisson structures on solvable and perfect Lie algebras

本文分类描述了振荡李代数等多种李代数上的所有转置Poisson代数结构，并构造性地回答了关于转置Poisson代数的一个遗留问题，找到了一个具有非平凡$\ rac{1}{2}$-导数但无非平凡转置Poisson结构的有限维李代数。

On the geometry of three-dimensional Bol algebras with solvable enveloping Lie algebras of small dimension

We give the description of three-dimensional Lie triple systems and their corresponding Lie algebras with invomorphisme, The description of three-dimensional Bol algebras linked with the distinguished Lie triple systems above is given. The construction of the object describing the isotopy of Bol algebras. The description of Bol 3-Webs, connected with the selected Bol algebras.

可解李代数最大范围的上同调刚性

Cohomological rigidity of solvable Lie algebras of maximal ran

本文研究了可解李代数最大范围的上同调刚性，通过分析根系结构和上同调群的非平凡性，提出了一种统一的计算方法，扩展了经典条件并揭示了非刚性李代数的广泛家族。

Complements of Intervals and Prefrattini Subalgebras of Solvable Lie Algebras

In this paper we study a Lie-theoretic analogue of a generalisation of the prefrattini subgroups introduced by W. Gaschütz. The approach follows that of P. Hauck and H. Kurtzweil for groups, by first considering complements in subalgebra intervals. Conjugacy of these subalgebras is established for a large class of solvable lie algebras.

Solvable Leibniz algebras with quasi-filiform Lie algebras of maximum length nilradicals

In this paper solvable Leibniz algebras whose nilradical is quasi-filiform Lie algebra of maximum length, are classified. The rigidity of such Leibniz algebras with two-dimensional complemented space to nilradical is proved.

Generalized Casimir invariants of six dimensional solvable real Lie algebras with five dimensional nilradical

We finish the determination of the invariants of the coadjoint representation of six dimensional real Lie algebras, by determining a fundamental set of invariants for the 99 isomorphism classes of solvable Lie algebras with five dimensional nilradical. We also give some results on the invariants of solvable Lie algebras in arbitrary dimension whose nilradical has codimension one.

Classification of Real Solvable Lie Algebras Whose Simply Connected Lie Groups Have Only Zero or Maximal Dimensional Coadjoint Orbits

In this paper we study a special subclass of real solvable Lie algebras having small dimensional or small codimensional derived ideal. It is well-known that the derived ideal of any Heisenberg Lie algebra is 1-dimensional and the derived ideal of the 4-dimensional real Diamond algebra is 1-codimensional. Moreover, all the coadjoint orbits of any Heisenberg Lie group as well as 4-dimensional real Diamond group are orbits of dimension zero or maximal dimension. In general, a (finite dimensional) real solvable Lie group is called an $MD$-group if its coadjoint orbits are zero-dimensional or maxim…

可解的与给定nilradical相容的李代数

Solvable compatible Lie algebras with a given nilradical

本文提出了一种基于特殊nilradical构造相容李代数的方法，并研究了其在特定李代数对和filiform李代数中的应用，包括一维可解扩展的显式构造及更高维扩展的非存在性证明。

Novikov structures on solvable Lie algebras

We study Novikov algebras and Novikov structures on finite-dimensional Lie algebras. We show that a Lie algebra admitting a Novikov structure must be solvable. Conversely we present an example of a nilpotent 2-step solvable Lie algebra without any Novikov structure. We construct Novikov structures on certain Lie algebras via classical r-matrices and via extensions. In the latter case we lift Novikov structures on an abelian Lie algebra A and a Lie algebra B to certain extensions of B by A. We apply this to prove the existence of affine and Novikov structures on several classes of 2-step solvab…