Olga Plamenevskaya
Using a knot concordance invariant from the Heegaard Floer theory of Ozsvath and Szabo, we obtain new bounds for the Thurston-Bennequin and rotation numbers of Legendrian knots in S^3. We also apply these bounds to calculate the knot concordance invariant for certain knots.
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We show that there exists a Legendrian knot with maximal Thurston-Bennequin invariant whose contact homology is trivial. We also provide another Legendrian knot which has the same knot type and classical invariants but nonvanishing contact homology.
We discuss the relation between arc index, maximal Thurston--Bennequin number, and Khovanov homology for knots. As a consequence, we calculate the arc index and maximal Thurston--Bennequin number for all knots with at most 11 crossings. For some of these knots, the calculation requires a consideration of cables which also allows us to compute the maximal self-linking number for all knots with at most 11 crossings.
The class of +adequate links contains both alternating and positive links. Generalizing results of Tanaka (for the positive case) and Ng (for the alternating case), we construct fronts of an arbitrary +adequate link A so that the diagram has a ruling, therefore its Thurston-Bennequin number is maximal among Legendrian representatives of A. We derive consequences for the Kauffman polynomial and Khovanov homology of +adequate links.
We establish an upper bound for the Thurston-Bennequin number of a Legendrian link using the Khovanov homology of the underlying topological link. This bound is sharp in particular for all alternating links, and knots with nine or fewer crossings.
In this paper, we introduce a rational $τ$ invariant for rationally null-homologous knots in contact 3-manifolds with nontrivial Ozsváth-Szabó contact invariants. Such an invariant is an upper bound for the sum of rational Thurston-Bennequin invariant and the rational rotation number of the Legendrian representatives of the knot. In the special case of Floer simple knots in L-spaces, we can compute the rational $τ$ invariants by correction terms.
Computing the Thurston-Bennequin invariant in open books
本文提出了一种计算开书页面上Legendrian结Thurston-Bennequin不变量的算法，并扩展到任意3流形中的有理无缠绕结。
We give a method for constructing a Legendrian representative of a knot in $S^3$ which realizes its maximal Thurston-Bennequin number under a certain condition. The method utilizes Stein handle decompositions of $D^4$, and the resulting Legendrian representative is often very complicated (relative to the complexity of the topological knot type). As an application, we construct infinitely many knots in $S^3$ each of which yields a reducible 3-manifold by a Legendrian surgery in the standard tight contact structure. This disproves a conjecture of Lidman and Sivek.
For a 4-manifold represented by a framed knot in $S^3$, it has been well known that the 4-manifold admits a Stein structure if the framing is less than the maximal Thurston-Bennequin number of the knot. In this paper, we prove either the converse of this fact is false or there exists a compact contractible oriented smooth 4-manifold (with Stein fillable boundary) admitting no Stein structure. Note that an exotic smooth structure on $S^4$ exists if and only if there exists a compact contractible oriented smooth 4-manifold with $S^3$ boundary admitting no Stein structure.
We give a generalized Thurston--Bennequin-type inequality for links in $S^3$ using a Bauer--Furuta-type invariant for 4-manifolds with contact boundary. As a special case, we also give an adjunction inequality for smoothly embedded orientable surfaces with negative intersection in a closed oriented smooth 4-manifold whose non-equivariant Bauer--Furuta invariant is non-zero.
We derive a relative version of the slicing Bennequin inequalities for cobordant Legendrian knots, and review a few proofs of the result.
In \cite{confol} Y. Eliashberg and W. Thurston gave a definition of tight confoliations. We give an example of a tight confoliation $ξ$ on $T^3$ violating the Thurston-Bennequin inequalities. This answers a question from \cite{confol} negatively. Although the tightness of a confoliation does not imply the Thurston-Bennequin inequalities, it is still possible to prove restrictions on homotopy classes of plane fields which contain tight confoliations. The failure of the Thurston-Bennequin inequalities for tight confoliations is due to the presence of overtwisted stars. Overtwisted stars are part…
Using the knot Floer homology filtration, we define invariants associated to a knot in a three-manifold possessing non-vanishing Floer co(homology) classes. In the case of the Ozsvath-Szabo contact invariant we obtain an invariant of knots in a contact three-manifold. This invariant provides an upper bound for the Thurston-Bennequin plus rotation number of any Legendrian realization of the knot. We use it to demonstrate the first systematic construction of prime knots in contact manifolds other than the three-sphere with negative maximal Thurston-Bennequin invariant. Perhaps more interesting, …
We give a simple unified proof for several disparate bounds on Thurston-Bennequin number for Legendrian knots and self-linking number for transverse knots in R^3, and provide a template for possible future bounds. As an application, we give sufficient conditions for some of these bounds to be sharp.
We show that link Floer homology detects the Thurston norm of a link complement. As an application, we show that the Thurston polytope of an alternating link is dual to the Newton polytope of its multi-variable Alexander polynomial. To illustrate these techniques, we also compute the Thurston polytopes of several specific link complements.
The Thurston-Bennequin invariant provides one notion of self-linking for any homologically-trivial Legendrian curve in a contact three-manifold. Here we discuss related analytic notions of self-linking for Legendrian knots in Euclidean space. Our definition is based upon a reformulation of the elementary Gauss linking integral and is motivated by ideas from supersymmetric gauge theory. We recover the Thurston-Bennequin invariant as a special case.
The main goal of this paper is to discuss a symplectic interpretation of Lipshitz, Ozsvath and Thurston's bordered Heegaard-Floer homology in terms of Fukaya categories of symmetric products and Lagrangian correspondences. More specifically, we give a description of the algebra A(F) which appears in the work of Lipshitz, Ozsvath and Thurston in terms of (partially wrapped) Floer homology for product Lagrangians in the symmetric product, and outline how bordered Heegaard-Floer homology itself can conjecturally be understood in this language.
We review the construction of Heegaard Floer homology for closed three-manifolds and also for knots and links in the three-sphere. We also discuss three applications of this invariant to knot theory: studying the Thurston norm of a link complement, the slice genus of a knot, and the unknotting number of a knot. We emphasize the application to the Thurston norm, and illustrate the theory in the case of the Conway link.
In the note we study Legendrian and transverse knots in rationally null-homologous knot types. In particular we generalize the standard definitions of self-linking number, Thurston-Bennequin invariant and rotation number. We then prove a version of Bennequin's inequality for these knots and classify precisely when the Bennequin bound is sharp for fibered knot types. Finally we study rational unknots and show they are weakly Legendrian and transversely simple. This version of the paper corrects the definition of rational self-linking number in the previous and published version of the paper. Wi…
In 1997, Chekanov gave the first example of a Legendrian nonsimple knot type: the $m(5_2)$ knot. Epstein, Fuchs, and Meyer extended his result by showing that there are at least $n$ different Legendrian representatives with maximal Thurston--Bennequin number of the twist knot $K_{-2n}$ with crossing number $2n+1$. In this paper we give a complete classification of Legendrian and transverse representatives of twist knots. In particular, we show that $K_{-2n}$ has exactly $\lceil\frac{n^2}2\rceil$ Legendrian representatives with maximal Thurston--Bennequin number, and $\lceil\frac{n}{2}\rceil$ t…
We provide the first example of a Legendrian knot with nonvanishing contact homology whose Thurston-Bennequin invariant is not maximal.
We prove a finiteness property of the values of the skein polynomial of homogeneous knots which allows to establish large classes of such knots to have arbitrarily unsharp Bennequin inequality (for the Thurston-Bennequin invariant of any of their Legendrian embeddings in the standard contact structure of R^3), and a give a short proof that there are only finitely many among these knots that have given genus and given braid index.
We apply Heegaard-Floer homology theory to establish generalized slicing Bennequin inequalities closely related to a recent result of T. Mrowka and Y. Rollin proved using Seiberg-Witten monopoles.
In this paper, we construct a canonical grading on bordered Heegaard Floer homology by homotopy classes of nonvanishing vector fields. This grading is a generalization of our construction of an absolute grading on Heegaard Floer homology and it extends the well-known grading with values in a noncommutative group defined by Lipshitz-Ozsváth-Thurston.
We outline an interpretation of Heegaard-Floer homology of 3-manifolds (closed or with boundary) in terms of the symplectic topology of symmetric products of Riemann surfaces, as suggested by recent work of Tim Perutz and Yanki Lekili. In particular we discuss the connection between the Fukaya category of the symmetric product and the bordered algebra introduced by Robert Lipshitz, Peter Ozsvath and Dylan Thurston, and recast bordered Heegaard-Floer homology in this language.
We study the relation of an embedded Lagrangian cobordism between two closed, orientable Legendrian submanifolds of R^{2n+1}. More precisely, we investigate the behavior of the Thurston-Bennequin number and (linearized) Legendrian contact homology under this relation. The result about the Thurston-Bennequin number can be considered as a generalization of the result of Chantraine which holds when n = 1. In addition, we provide a few constructions of Lagrangian cobordisms and prove that there are infinitely many pairs of exact Lagrangian cobordant and not pairwise Legendrian isotopic Legendrian …
We use the spanning tree model for Khovanov homology to study Legendrian links. This leads to an alternative proof for Ng's Khovanov bound for the Thurston-Bennequin number and to both a necessary and a sufficient condition for this bound to be sharp.
We use an estimate on the Thurston--Bennequin invariant of a Legendrian link in terms of its Kauffman-polynomial to show that links of topological unknots, e.g. the Borromean rings or the Whithead link, may not be represented by Legendrian links of Legendrian unknots.
Lipshitz, Ozsváth and Thurston defined a bordered Heegaard Floer invariant CFDA for 3-manifolds with two boundary components, including mapping cylinders for surface diffeomorphisms. We define a related invariant for certain 4-dimensional cobordisms with corners, by associating a morphism F from CFDA(f) to CFDA(g) to each such cobordism between two mapping cylinders f and g. Like the Ozsváth-Szabó invariants of cobordisms between closed 3-manifolds, this morphism arises from counting holomorphic triangles on Heegaard triples. We demonstrate that the homotopy class of the morphism F only depend…
Using the grid diagram formulation of knot Floer homology, Ozsvath, Szabo and Thurston defined an invariant of transverse knots in the tight contact 3-sphere. Shortly afterwards, Lisca, Ozsvath, Stipsicz and Szabo defined an invariant of transverse knots in arbitrary contact 3-manifolds using open book decompositions. It has been conjectured that these invariants agree where they are both defined. We prove this fact by defining yet another invariant of transverse knots, showing that this third invariant agrees with the two mentioned above.
Bounds on Legendrian Double Twist Knots
该研究针对标准紧接触三维球面中的双扭转纽结，利用凸曲面理论的旁路技术与紧接触结构分类，给出K(4,m)族最大瑟斯顿-本内奎恩代表的勒让德同痕类数量上界。
For a Legendrian $(2,n)$ torus knot or link with maximal Thurston-Bennequin number, Ekholm, Honda, and Kálmán constructed $C_n$ exact Lagrangian fillings, where $C_n$ is the $n$-th Catalan number. We show that these exact Lagrangian fillings are pairwise non-isotopic through exact Lagrangian isotopy. To do that, we compute the augmentations induced by the exact Lagrangian fillings $L$ to $\mathbb{Z}_2[H_1(L)]$ and distinguish the resulting augmentations.
We prove that, like the Seiberg-Witten monopole homology, the Heegaard Floer homology for a three-manifold determines its Thurston norm. As a consequence, we show that knot Floer homology detects the genus of a knot. This leads to new proofs of certain results previously obtained using Seiberg-Witten monopole Floer homology (in collaboration with Kronheimer and Mrowka). It also leads to a purely Morse-theoretic interpretation of the genus of a knot. The method of proof shows that the canonical element of Heegaard Floer homology associated to a weakly symplectically fillable contact structure i…
We investigate the ramifications of the Legendrian satellite construction on the relation of Lagrangian cobordism between Legendrian knots. Under a simple hypothesis, we construct a Lagrangian concordance between two Legendrian satellites by stacking up a sequence of elementary cobordisms. This construction narrows the search for "non-decomposable" Lagrangian cobordisms and yields new families of decomposable Lagrangian slice knots. Finally, we show that the maximum Thurston-Bennequin number of a smoothly slice knot provides an obstruction to any Legendrian satellite of that knot being Lagrang…
It is shown that Legendrian (resp. transverse) cable links in the 3-sphere with its standard tight contact structure, i.e. links consisting of an unknot and a cable of that unknot, are classified by their oriented link type and the classical invariants (Thurston-Bennequin invariant and rotation number in the Legendrian case, self-linking number in the transverse case). The analogous result is proved for torus knots in the 1-jet space of the circle with its standard tight contact structure.
In this short note we observe that a result of Eliashberg and Polterovitch allows to use the doubly slice genus as an obstruction for a Legendrian knot to be a slice of a concordance from the trivial Legendrian knot with maximal Thurston-Bennequin invariant to itself. This allows to obstruct concordances from the Pretzel knot P(3,-3,-m) when m > 3 to the unknot. Those examples are of interest because the Legendrian contact homology algebra cannot be used to obstruct such a concordance.
Computing rotation numbers in open books
本文提出了一种计算开书页上Legendrian结旋转数的算法，并推导了相关接触结构的不变量新公式。
We compute the Floer homology of mapping classes which do not have any pseudo-Anosov components in the sense of Thurston's theory of surface diffeomorphisms. The formula for the Floer homology is obtained from a topological separation of fixed points and a separation mechanism for Floer connecting orbits. As examples, we consider the geometric monodromy of isolated plane curve singularities.
We investigate properties of the odd Khovanov homology, compare and contrast them with those of the original (even) Khovanov homology, and discuss applications of the odd Khovanov homology to other areas of knot theory and low-dimensional topology. We show that it provides an effective upper bound on the Thurston-Bennequin number of Legendrian links and can be used to detect quasi-alternating knots. A potential application to detecting transversely non-simple knots is also mentioned.
We show that any knot which is smoothly the closure of a 3-braid cannot be Lagrangian concordant to and from the maximum Thurston-Bennequin Legendrian unknot except the unknot itself. Our obstruction comes from drawing the Weinstein handlebody diagrams of particular symplectic fillings of cyclic branched double covers of knots in $S^3$. We use the Legendrian contact homology differential graded algebra of the links in these diagrams to compute the symplectic homology of these fillings to derive a contradiction. As a corollary, we find an infinite family of contact manifolds which are rational …
Contact Surgery Numbers of the 3-torus
研究3 - 环面接触结构的接触手术数，证明沿Legendrian博罗梅安环手术得过度扭曲结构且有无限多个非接触同胚结构，给出三分量链环相关障碍，还用特定方法证明\((\mathbb{T}^3, \xi_1)\)斯坦填充的总辛同调不为零。
We introduce a new Legendrian isotopy invariant for any closed orientable Legendrian surface $L$ embedded in a closed contact $5$-manifold $(M, ξ)$ which admits an "admissable" open book $(B, f)$ (supporting $ξ$) for $L$. We show that to any such $L$ and a fixed page $X$, one can assign an integer $M\mathcal{P}_{X}(L)$, called "Relative Maximal Page Crossing Number of $L$ with respect to $X$", which is invariant under Legendrian isotopies of $L$. We also show that one can extend this to a page-free invariant, i.e., one can assign an integer $M\mathcal{P}_{(B,f)}(L)$, called "Absolute Maximal P…
Characterizing slopes for Legendrian knots
该研究在勒让德纽结同痕类由经典不变量唯一确定的假设下，建立了光滑与接触特征斜率的关联准则，并将其应用于多种纽结的勒让德代表的特征斜率研究。
A 4-dimensional rational genus bound
本文引入纽结的有理切片亏格，用Heegaard Floer τ不变量给出下界，并应用于Floer简单纽结及产生切片亏格无界序列等。
If a Legendrian knot $Λ$ in the standard contact 3-sphere bounds an orientable exact Lagrangian surface $Σ$ in the standard symplectic 4-ball, then the genus of $Σ$ is equal to the slice genus of (the smooth knot underlying) $Λ$, the sum of the Thurston-Bennequin number of L and the Euler characteristic of $Σ$ is zero as well as the rotation number of $Λ$, and moreover, the linearized contact homology of $Λ$ with respect to the augmentation induced by $Σ$ is isomorphic to the (singular) homology of $Σ$. It was asked in arXiv:1212.1519 whether the converse of this statement is true. We give a n…
We derive new existence results for tight contact structures on certain 3-manifolds which can be presented as surgery along specific knots in S^3. Indeed, we extend our earlier results on knots with maximal Thurston-Bennequin number being equal to 2g-1 to knots for which the maximal self-linking number satisfies the same equality. In the argument (using contact surgery) we define an invariant for transverse knots in contact 3-manifolds under the assumption that either the knot is null-homologous or the 3-manifold has no S^1xS^2-factor in its prime decomposition, and we study its properties usi…
In this article we define Lagrangian concordance of Legendrian knots, the analogue of smooth concordance of knots in the Legendrian category. In particular we study the relation of Lagrangian concordance under Legendrian isotopy. The focus is primarily on the algebraic aspects of the problem. We study the behavior of the classical invariants under this relation, namely the Thurston-Bennequin number and the rotation number, and we provide some examples of non-trivial Legendrian knots bounding Lagrangian surfaces in $D^4$. Using these examples, we are able to provide a new proof of the local Tho…
On a generalization of Jones polynomial and its categorification for Legendrian Knots
本文通过新型 skein 关系推广 Jones 多项式，并构造相应的 Khovanov 型范畴化，用于刻画 Legendrian 纽结。
[Original abstract (1992):] The modulus of quasipositivity q(K) of a knot K was introduced as a tool in the knot theory of complex plane curves, and can be applied to Legendrian knot theory in symplectic topology. It has also, however, a straightforward characterization in ordinary knot theory: q(K) is the supremum of the integers f such that the framed knot (K;f) embeds non-trivially on a fiber surface of a positive torus link. Geometric constructions show that -\infty < q(K), calculations with link polynomials that q(K) < \infty. The present paper aims to provide sharper lower bounds (by opt…
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