In this note we prove the following theorem: Let $G$ be a compact Lie group acting on a compact symplectic manifold $M$ in a Hamiltonian fashion. If $L$ is an $l$-dimensional closed invariant submanifold of $M$, on which the $G$-action is locally free then the fundamental class $[L]$ is trivial in $H_l(M,{\mathbb Q})$. We also prove similar results for lower homology groups of $L$, in case the group $G$ is a finite product of copies of $S^1$ and SU(2). The key ingredients of the proofs are Kirwan's theorem that Hamiltonian spaces are equivariantly formal and symplectic reduction.
We show that in many examples the non-displaceability of Lagrangian submanifolds by Hamiltonian isotopy can be proved via Lagrangian Floer cohomology with non-unitary line bundle. The examples include all monotone Lagrangian torus fibers in toric Fano manifold (which was also proven by Entov and Polterovich via the theory of symplectic quasi-states), some non-monotone Lagrangian torus fibers. We also extend the results by Oh and the author about the computations of Floer cohomology of Lagrangian torus fibers to the case of all toric Fano manifolds, removing the convexity assumption in the prev…
In any contact manifold of dimension $2n-1\geq 11$, we construct examples of closed legendrian submanifolds which are not diffeomorphic but whose lagrangian cylinders in the symplectization are hamiltonian isotopic.
One way to obtain invariants of some Legendrian submanifolds in 1-jet spaces $J^1M$, equipped with the standard contact structure, is through the Morse theoretic technique of generating families. This paper extends the invariant of generating family cohomology by giving it a product $μ_2$. To define the product, moduli spaces of flow trees are constructed and shown to have the structure of a smooth manifold with corners. These spaces consist of intersecting half-infinite gradient trajectories of functions whose critical points correspond to Reeb chords of the Legendrian. This paper lays the fo…
We assign to each nondegenerate Hamiltonian on a closed symplectic manifold a Floer-theoretic quantity called its "boundary depth," and establish basic results about how the boundary depths of different Hamiltonians are related. As applications, we prove that certain Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms supported in displaceable subsets have infinitely many nontrivial geometrically distinct periodic points, and we also significantly expand the class of coisotropic submanifolds which are known to have positive displacement energy. For instance, any coisotropic submanifold of contact type (in the sens…
We compare Hofer's geometries on two spaces associated with a closed symplectic manifold M. The first space is the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. The second space L consists of all Lagrangian submanifolds of $M \times M$ which are exact Lagrangian isotopic to the diagonal. We show that in the case of a closed symplectic manifold with $π_2(M) = 0$, the canonical embedding of Ham(M) into L, f $\mapsto$ graph(f) is not an isometric embedding, although it preserves Hofer's length of smooth paths.
We consider Lagrangian Floer cohomology for a pair of Lagrangian submanifolds in a symplectic manifold M. Suppose that M carries a symplectic involution, which preserves both submanifolds. Under various topological hypotheses, we prove a localization theorem for Floer cohomology, which implies a Smith-type inequality for the Floer cohomology groups in M and its fixed point set. Two applications to symplectic Khovanov cohomology are included.
We describe a class of coadjoint orbits of the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of a symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ by implementing symplectic reduction for the dual pair associated to the Hamiltonian description of ideal fluids. The description is given in terms of nonlinear Grassmannians (manifolds of submanifolds) with additional geometric structures. Reduction at zero momentum yields the identification of coadjoint orbits with Grassmannians of isotropic volume submanifolds, slightly generalizing the results in Weinstein [1990] and Lee [2009]. At the other extreme, the case of a nondegener…
In this work, we prove a compactness theorem on the space of all Hamiltonian stationay Lagrangian submanifolds in a compact symplectic manifold with uniform bounds on area and total extrinsic curvature.
We examine symplectic topological features of certain family of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds in CP^n. Firstly, we give a cohomological restriction for Lagrangian submanifolds in CP^n whose first integral homologies are 3-torsion. In particular, in the case where n=5,8, we prove the cohomologies with coefficients in Z_2 of such Lagrangian submanifolds are isomorphic to that of SU(3)/(SO(3) Z_3) and SU(3)/Z_3, respectively. Secondly, we calculate the Floer cohomology of a monotone Lagrangian submanifold SU(p)/Z_p in CP^{p^2-1} with coefficients in Z_2 by using Biran-Cornea's theory.
We prove that the fundamental group of the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of the symplectic manifold that is obtain by blowing up a submanifold contains an element of infinite order. We prove this using Weinstein's morphism and by constructing explicitly such loop of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms.
We prove an equivariant deformation result for Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifolds of a Kahler manifold, with respect to deformations of its metric and almost complex structure that are compatible with an isometric Hamiltonian group action. This yields existence of Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifolds in possibly non-Kahler symplectic manifolds whose metric is arbitrarily close to a Kahler metric.
Let X be the Fermat quintic threefold. The set of real solutions L forms a Lagrangian submanifold of X. Multiplying the homogeneous coordinates of X by various fifth roots of unity gives automorphisms of X; the images of L under these automorphisms defines a family of 625 different Lagrangian submanifolds, called real Lagrangians. In this paper we try to calculate the Floer cohomology between all pairs of these Lagrangians. We are able to complete most of the calculations, but there are a few cases we cannot do. The basic idea is to explicitly describe some low energy moduli spaces and then us…
In this paper we produce a lower bound for the number of periodic orbits of certain Hamiltonian vector fields near Bott-nondegenerate symplectic critical submanifolds. This result is then related to the problem of finding closed orbits of the motion of a charged low energy particle on a Riemannian manifold under the influence of a magnetic field
The main goal of this paper is to give a unified treatment to many known cuplength estimates. As the base case, we prove that for $C^0$-perturbations of a function which is Morse-Bott along a closed submanifold, the number of critical points is bounded below in terms of the cuplength of that critical submanifold. As we work with rather general assumptions the proof also applies in a variety of Floer settings. For example, this proves lower bounds for the number of fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms, Hamiltonian chords for Lagrangian submanifolds, translated points of contactomorphisms…
The main purpose of the present paper is a study of orientations of the moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic discs with boundary lying on a \emph{real} Lagrangian submanifold, i.e., the fixed point set of an anti-symplectic involutions $τ$ on a symplectic manifold. We introduce the notion of $τ$-relatively spin structure for an anti-symplectic involution $τ$, and study how the orientations on the moduli space behave under the involution $τ$. We also apply this to the study of Lagrangian Floer theory of real Lagrangian submanifolds. In particular, we study unobstructedness of the $τ$-fixed point…
In this paper we investigate a family of Hamiltonian-minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in ${\mathbb C}^m$, ${\mathbb C}P^m$ and other symplectic toric manifolds constructed from intersections of real quadrics. In particular, we explain the nature of this phenomenon by proving H-minimality in a more conceptual way, and prove minimality of the same submanifolds in the corresponding moment-angle manifolds.
The technique of generating families produces obstructions to the existence of embedded Lagrangian cobordisms between Legendrian submanifolds in the symplectizations of 1-jet bundles. In fact, generating families may be used to construct a TQFT-like theory that, in addition to giving the aforementioned obstructions, yield structural information about invariants of Legendrian submanifolds. For example, the obstructions devised in this paper show that there is no generating family compatible Lagrangian cobordism between the Chekanov-Eliashberg Legendrian $m(5_2)$ knots. Further, the generating f…
The long exact sequence describes how the Floer cohomology of two Lagrangian submanifolds changes if one of them is modified by applying a Dehn twist. We give a proof in the simplest case (no bubbling). The paper contains a certain amount of material that may be of interest independently of the exact sequence: in particular, chapter 1 covers "symplectic Picard-Lefschetz theory" in some detail, and chapter 2 contains a generalization of the usual TQFT setup for Floer cohomology.
Using Crystal basis theory, we study the relative Gel'fand-Kalinin-Fuks cohomology groups of the formal Hamiltonian vector fields on 6-dimensional plane with weight =2,4,6.
The main theorem of this paper asserts that the inclusion of the space of projective Lagrangian planes into the space of Lagrangian submanifolds of complex projective space induces an injective homomorphism of fundamental groups. We introduce three invariants of exact loops of Lagrangian submanifolds that are modelled on invariants introduced by Polterovich for loops of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms. One of these is the minimal Hofer length in a given Hamiltonian isotopy class. We determine the exact values of these invariants for loops of projective Lagrangian planes. The proof uses the Grom…
We show that for a Hamiltonian action of a compact torus $G$ on a compact, connected symplectic manifold $M$, the $G$-equivariant cohomology is determined by the residual $S^1$ action on the submanifolds of $M$ fixed by codimension-1 tori. This theorem allows us to compute the equivariant cohomology of certain manifolds, which have pieces that are four-dimensional or smaller. We give several examples of the computations that this allows.
Given a symplectic cohomology class of degree 1, we define the notion of an equivariant Lagrangian submanifold. The Floer cohomology of equivariant Lagrangian submanifolds has a natural endomorphism, which induces a grading by generalized eigenspaces. Taking Euler characteristics with respect to the induced grading yields a deformation of the intersection number. Dehn twists act naturally on equivariant Lagrangians. Cotangent bundles and Lefschetz fibrations give fully computable examples. A key step in computations is to impose the "dilation" condition stipulating that the BV operator applied…
We construct finite group actions on Lagrangian Floer theory when symplectic manifolds have finite group actions and Lagrangian submanifolds have induced group actions. We first define finite group actions on Novikov-Morse theory. We introduce the notion of a {\em spin profile} as an obstruction class of extending the group action on Lagrangian submanifold to the one on its spin structure, which is a group cohomology class in $H^2(G;\Z/2)$. For a class of Lagrangian submanifolds which have the same spin profiles, we define a finite group action on their Fukaya category. In consequence, we obta…
We show that two Hamiltonian isotopic Lagrangians in (CP^2,ω_\textup{FS}) induce two Lagrangian submanifolds in the one-point blow-up (\widetilde{CP}^2,\widetildeω_ρ) that are not Hamiltonian isotopic. Furthermore, we show that for any integer k>1 there are k Hamiltonian isotopic Lagrangians in (CP^2,ω_\textup{FS}) that induce k Lagrangian submanifolds in the one-point blow-up such that no two of them are Hamiltonian isotopic.
Let $P$ be a Delzant polytope in $\mathbb{R}^k$ with $n+k$ facets. We associate a closed Lagrangian submanifold $L$ of $\mathbb{C}^n$ to each Delzant polytope. We prove that $L$ is monotone if and only if and only if the polytope $P$ is Fano. We pose the "Lagrangian version of Delzant Theorem". Then for even $p$ and $n$ we construct $\frac{p}{2}$ monotone Lagrangian embeddings of $S^{p-1} \times S^{n-p-1} \times T^2$ into $\mathbb{C}^n$, no two of which are related by Hamiltonian isotopies. Some of these embeddings are smoothly isotopic and have equal minimal Maslov numbers, but they are not H…
We consider a Hamiltonian torus action on a compact connected symplectic manifold M. For a certain class of Lagrangian submanifolds Q of M we show that the image of Q under the momentum map is convex. As an application we complete the symplectic proof of Kostant's non-linear convexity theorem.
Liouville domains are a special type of symplectic manifolds with boundary (they have an everywhere defined Liouville flow, pointing outwards along the boundary). Symplectic cohomology for Liouville domains was introduced by Cieliebak-Floer-Hofer-Wysocki and Vitero. The latter constructed a restriction (or transfer) map associated to an embedding of one Liouville domain into another. In this preprint, we look at exact Lagrangian submanifolds with Legendrian boundary inside a Liouville domain. The analogue of symplectic cohomology for such submanifolds is called "wrapped Floer cohomology". We c…
Contact action functional, calculus of variation and canonical generating function of Legendrian submanifolds
Center for Geometry and Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究所几何物理中心）；POSTECH（浦项科技大学）；CNRS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray, Nantes Université（法国国家科学研究中心让·勒雷数学实验室南特大学）
Consider a Hamiltonian torus action on a connected symplectic manifold M for which the associated moment map Phi is proper in some sense. Let Q be a closed submanifold of M. We show that under certain local conditions on Q one has Phi(Q)=Phi(M). We apply this result in the special case that Q arises as the fixed point set of some involution on M which is not necessarily antisymplectic.
We propose a new method for the construction of Hamiltonian-minimal and minimal Lagrangian immersions of some manifolds in $C^n$ and in $CP^n$. By this method one can construct, in particular, immersions of such manifolds as the generalized Klein's bottle $K^n$, the multidimensional torus, $K^{n-1}\times S^1$, $S^{n-1}\times S^1$, and others. In some cases these immersions are embeddings. For example, it is possible to embed the following manifolds: $K^{2n+1},$ $S^{2n+1}\times S^1$, $K^{2n+1}\times S^1$, $S^{2n+1}\times S^1\times S^1$.
We establish a new version of Floer homology for monotone Lagrangian submanifolds and apply it to prove the following (generalized) version of Audin's conjecture : if $L$ is an aspherical manifold which admits a monotone Lagrangian embedding in ${\bf C^{n}}$, then its Maslov number equals $2$. We also prove other results on the topology of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds $L\subset M$ of maximal Maslov number under the hypothesis that they are displaceable through a Hamiltonian isotopy.
Let (M,w) be a compact symplectic 2n-manifold, and g a Riemannian metric on M compatible with w. For instance, g could be Kahler, with Kahler form w. Consider compact Lagrangian submanifolds L of M. We call L Hamiltonian stationary, or H-minimal, if it is a critical point of the volume functional under Hamiltonian deformations. It is called Hamiltonian stable if in addition the second variation of volume under Hamiltonian deformations is nonnegative. Our main result is that if L is a compact, Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian in C^n satisfying the extra condition of being Hamiltonian rigid, th…
In this paper we introduce the concept of characteristic number that are proven to be useful in the study of the combinatorics of graph cohomology. We claim that it is a good combinatorial counterpart for geometric Betti numbers. We then use this concept and tools built along the way to study Hamiltonian GKM manifolds whose moment maps are in general position. We prove some connectivity properties of the their GKM graphs and show an upper bound of their second Betti numbers, which allows us to conclude that these manifolds, in the case of dimension 8 and 10, have non-decreasing even Betti numb…
We study two related invariants of Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic manifolds. For a Lagrangian torus these invariants are functions on the first cohomology of the torus. The first invariant is of topological nature and is related to the study of Lagrangian isotopies with a given Lagrangian flux. More specifically, it measures the length of straight paths in the first cohomology that can be realized as the Lagrangian flux of a Lagrangian isotopy. The second invariant is of analytical nature and comes from symplectic function theory. It is defined for Lagrangian submanifolds admitting fibr…
In this paper, we construct a Hamiltonian Floer theory based invariant called relative symplectic cohomology, which assigns a module over the Novikov ring to compact subsets of closed symplectic manifolds. We show the existence of restriction maps, and prove some basic properties. Our main contribution is to identify a natural geometric situation in which relative symplectic cohomology of two subsets satisfy the Mayer-Vietoris property. This is tailored to work under certain integrability assumptions, the weakest of which introduces a new geometric object called a barrier - roughly, a one para…
In this paper we consider the Arnold conjecture on the Lagrangian intersections of some closed Lagrangian submanifold of a closed symplectic manifold with its image of a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism. We prove that if the Hofer's symplectic energy of the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism is less than a topology number defined by the Lagrangian submanifold, then the Arnold conjecture is true in the degenerated (non-transversal) case.
We introduce the notion of a point on a locally closed subset of a symplectic manifold being "locally rigid" with respect to that subset, prove that this notion is invariant under symplectic homeomorphisms, and show that coisotropic submanifolds are distinguished among all smooth submanifolds by the property that all of their points are locally rigid. This yields a simplified proof of the Humilière-Leclercq-Seyfaddini theorem on the $C^0$-rigidity of coisotropic submanifolds. Connections are also made to the "rigid locus" that has previously been used in the study of Chekanov-Hofer pseudometri…
In this paper we prove the Conley conjecture and the almost existence theorem in a neighborhood of a closed nowhere coisotropic submanifold under certain natural assumptions on the ambient symplectic manifold. Essential to the proofs is a displacement principle for such submanifolds. Namely, we show that a topologically displaceable nowhere coisotropic submanifold is also displaceable by a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism, partially extending the well-known non-Lagrangian displacement property.
Using the existence of certain symplectic submanifolds in symplectic 4-manifolds, we prove an estimate from above for the number of singular fibers with separating vanishing cycles in minimal Lefschetz fibrations over surfaces of positive genus. This estimate is then used to deduce that mapping class groups are not uniformly perfect, and that the map from their second bounded cohomology to ordinary cohomology is not injective.
Chekanov showed that the Hofer norm on the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group of a geometrically bounded symplectic manifold induces a nondegenerate metric on the orbit of any compact Lagrangian submanifold under the group. In this paper we consider the orbits of more general submanifolds. We show that, for the Chekanov-Hofer pseudometric on the orbit of a closed submanifold to be a genuine metric, it is necessary for the submanifold to be coisotropic, and we show that this condition is sufficient under various additional geometric assumptions. At the other extreme, we show that the image of a g…
We use Hamiltonian actions to construct nonstandard (as opposed to $\RP^n$ and $T^n$) Lagrangian submanifolds of $\CP^n$. First of all, a quotient of $\RP^3$ by the dihedral group $D_3$ is a Lagrangian submanifold of $\CP^3$. Secondly, $\Su(n)/\Z_n$ are Lagrangian submanifolds of $\CP^{n^2-1}$.
We propose a produre of reduction a locally conformal symplectic structure. This procedure of reduction can be applied to wide class of submanifolds. There are no local obstructions for this procedure. But there are global obstructions. We find a necessary and sufficient condition when this reduction holds in terms of the special kind of de Rham cohomology class (tangent to the characteristic foliation) of the Lee form.
We introduce new finite-dimensional cohomologies on symplectic manifolds. Each exhibits Lefschetz decomposition and contains a unique harmonic representative within each class. Associated with each cohomology is a primitive cohomology defined purely on the space of primitive forms. We identify the dual currents of lagrangians and more generally coisotropic submanifolds with elements of a primitive cohomology, which dualizes to a homology on coisotropic chains.
We study the role that Hamiltonian and symplectic diffeomorphisms play in the deformation problem of coisotropic submanifolds. We prove that the action by Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms corresponds to the gauge-action of the $L_\infty$-algebra of Oh and Park. Moreover we introduce the notion of extended gauge-equivalence and show that in the case of Oh and Park's $L_\infty$-algebra one recovers the action of symplectic isotopies on coisotropic submanifolds. Finally, we consider the transversally integrable case in detail.
We solve the problem of describing all nonlocal Hamiltonian operators of hydrodynamic type with flat metrics. This problem is also equivalent to the description of all flat submanifolds with flat normal bundle in a pseudo-Euclidean space. It is proved that every such Hamiltonian operator (or the submanifold corresponding to the operator) gives a pencil of compatible Poisson brackets, generates bi-Hamiltonian integrable hierarchies of hydrodynamic type, and also defines a family of integrals in involution. We prove that a natural special class of such Hamiltonian operators (submanifolds) is des…
We prove that the only exact Lagrangian submanifolds in an ALE space are spheres. ALE spaces are the simply connected hyperkahler manifolds which at infinity look like C^2/G for any finite subgroup G of SL(2,C). They can be realized as the plumbing of copies of the cotangent bundle of a 2-sphere according to ADE Dynkin diagrams. The proof relies on symplectic cohomology.
The harmonic cohomology of a Donaldson symplectic submanifold and of an Auroux symplectic submanifold are compared with that of its ambient space. We also study symplectic manifolds satisfying a weakly Lefschetz property, that is, the $s$-Lefschetz propery. In particular, we consider the symplectic blow-ups of the complex projective space along weakly Lefschetz symplectic submanifolds. As an application we construct, for each even integer $s\geq 2$, compact symplectic manifolds which are $s$-Lefschetz but not $(s+1)$-Lefschetz.
We introduce the concept of Hofer-Zehnder $G$-semicapacity (or $G$-sensitive Hofer-Zehnder capacity) and prove that given a geometrically bounded symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ and an open subset $N \subset M$ endowed with a Hamiltonian free circle action $ϕ$ then $N$ has bounded Hofer-Zehnder $G_ϕ$-semicapacity, where $G_ϕ\subset π_1(N)$ is the subgroup generated by the homotopy class of the orbits of $ϕ$. In particular, $N$ has bounded Hofer-Zehnder capacity. We give two types of applications of the main result. Firstly, we prove that the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold endowed with a fr…
Let (Σ, ω) be a compact Riemann surface with constant curvature c. In this work, we proved that the mean curvature flow of a given Hamiltonian diffeomorphism on Σ provides a smooth path in Ham(Σ), the group of all Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of Σ. This result gives a proof, in the case of graph of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms to the conjecture of Thomas and Yau asserting that the mean curvature flow of a compact embedded Lagrangian submanifold S with zero Maslov class in a Calabi- Yau manifolds M exists for all time and converges smoothly to a special Lagrangian submanifold in the Hamiltonian i…
