Iakovos Androulidakis
Due to a result by Mackenzie, extensions of transitive Lie groupoids are equivalent to certain Lie groupoids which admit an action of a Lie group. This paper is a treatment of the equivariant connection theory and holonomy of such groupoids, and shows that such connections give rise to the transition data necessary for the classification of their respective Lie algebroids.
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In the following paper we investigate the question: when is a transitive topological groupoid continuously isomorphic to a Lie groupoid? We present many results on the matter which may be considered generalizations of the Hilbert's fifth problem to this context. Most notably we present a "solution" to the problem for proper transitive groupoids and transitive groupoids with compact source fibers.
In the following paper we investigate the question: when is a transitive topological groupoid continuously isomorphic to a Lie groupoid? We present many results on the matter which may be considered generalizations of the Hilbert's fifth problem to this context. Most notably we present a "solution" to the problem for proper transitive groupoids and transitive groupoids with compact source fibers.
The equivalence of principal bundles with transitive Lie groupoids due to Ehresmann is a well known result. A remarkable generalisation of this equivalence, due to Mackenzie, is the equivalence of principal bundle extensions with those transitive Lie groupoids over the total space of a principal bundle, which also admit an action of the structure group by automorphisms. This paper proves the existence of suitably equivariant transition functions for such groupoids, generalising consequently the classification of principal bundles by means of their transition functions, to extensions of princip…
Sub-Riemannian structures and non-transitive Cartan geometries via Lie groupoids
本文探讨如何为1阶余秩子黎曼流形（包括接触和准接触子黎曼流形）构造合适的非传递卡坦连接，通过将子黎曼符号的变化转化为合适的
This work is a spin-off of an on-going programme which aims at revisiting the original studies of Lie and Cartan on pseudogroups and geometric structures from a modern perspective. We encode geometric structures induced by transitive Lie pseudogroups into principal $G$-bundles equipped with a transversally parallelisable foliation generated by a subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$, called Cartan bundles. Our approach is complementary to arXiv:1911.13147 and is based on Morita equivalence of Lie groupoids. After identifying the main examples and properties, we develop a notion of flatness with respect…
Algebraic Integrability and Minimality of Lie Equations for Transitive, Finite-Dimensional, Non-Commutative Lie Pseudogroups
该研究通过微分伽罗华理论，探讨了D-群oids的代数可积性与极小性，揭示了其与微分伽罗华群的关系。
Transitive Courant algebroids and double symplectic groupoids
该研究将双重辛群胚的Lu-Weinstein构造推广至传递Courant代数胚且Atiyah代数胚可积的李双代数胚，分类了李群胚上的正合扭曲Courant代数胚，证明了扭曲CA-群胚基上的叶状结构，推广了现有双重辛群胚例子。
The core diagram of a double Lie algebroid consists in the core of the double Lie algebroid, together with the two core-anchor maps to the sides of the double Lie algebroid. If these two core anchors are surjective, then the double Lie algebroid and its core diagram are called transitive. This paper establishes an equivalence between transitive double Lie algebroids, and transitive core diagrams over a fixed base manifold. In other words, it proves that a transitive double Lie algebroid is completely determined by its core diagram. The comma double Lie algebroid associated to a morphism of Lie…
Transitive Lie algebroids and \textbf{Q}-manifolds
引入局部平凡\textbf{Q}-群胚和主\textbf{Q}-丛概念，证明每个传递李代数胚可由某个主\Q-丛的Atiyah序列得到，从而被局部平凡\textbf{Q}-群胚积分。
We show that the integrability obstruction of a transitive Lie algebroid coincides with the lifting obstruction of a crossed module of groupoids associated naturally with the given algebroid. Then we extend this result to general extensions of integrable transitive Lie algebroids by Lie algebra bundles. Such a lifting obstruction is directly related with the classification of extensions of transitive Lie groupoids. We also give a classification of such extensions which differentiates to the classification of transitive Lie algebroids discussed in \cite{KCHM:new}.
Inspired by the work of Molino, we show that the integrability obstruction for transitive Lie algebroids can be made to vanish by adding extra dimensions. In particular, we prove that the Weinstein groupoid of a non-integrable transitive and abelian Lie algebroid, is the quotient of a finite dimensional Lie groupoid. Two constructions as such are given: First, explaining the counterexample to integrability given by Almeida and Molino, we see that it can be generalized to the construction of an "Almeida-Molino" integrable lift when the base manifold is simply connected. On the other hand, we no…
Three explicit examples of Lie 2-groupoids
该研究遵循Mehta与Tang的结论，借助Artin和Mazur的棒构造，从三类双李群胚构造出三个显式李2群胚，丰富了李2群胚的具体实例。
Endowing differentiable functions from a compact manifold to a Lie group with the pointwise group operations one obtains the so-called current groups and, as a special case, loop groups. These are prime examples of infinite-dimensional Lie groups modelled on locally convex spaces. In the present paper, we generalise this construction and show that differentiable mappings on a compact manifold (possibly with boundary) with values in a Lie groupoid form infinite-dimensional Lie groupoids which we call current Lie groupoids. We then study basic differential geometry and Lie theory for these Lie g…
We discuss natural transformations in the context of Lie groupoids, and their infinitesimal counterpart. Our main result is an integration procedure that provides smooth natural transformations between Lie groupoid morphisms.
Groupoids are mathematical structures able to describe symmetry properties more general than those described by groups. They were introduced (and named) by H. Brandt in 1926. Around 1950, Charles Ehresmann used groupoids with additional structures (topological and differentiable) as essential tools in topology and differential geometry. In recent years, Mickael Karasev, Alan Weinstein and Stanisław Zakrzewski independently discovered that symplectic groupoids can be used for the construction of noncommutative deformations of the algebra of smooth functions on a manifold, with potential applica…
We show that any proper Lie groupoid admits a compatible (real) analytic structure.
A symplectic Lie group is a Lie group with a left-invariant symplectic form. Its Lie algebra structure is that of a quasi-Frobenius Lie algebra. In this note, we identify the groupoid analogue of a symplectic Lie group. We call the aforementioned structure a \textit{$t$-symplectic Lie groupoid}; the "$t$" is motivated by the fact that each target fiber of a $t$-symplectic Lie groupoid is a symplectic manifold. For a Lie groupoid $\mathcal{G}\rightrightarrows M$, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between quasi-Frobenius Lie algebroid structures on $A\mathcal{G}$ (the associated …
We discuss the basic properties of Lie groupoids, Lie algebroids and Lie pseudo-groups in view of applying these techniques to the analysis of Jordan-Hölder resolutions and, subsequently, to the integration of partial differential equations. The present introduction is an extension to Lie groupoids, as far as possible, of the so well known properties and techniques much useful in Lie groups theory. We mention as far as possible since, in the case of Lie groupoids, just the first Lie Theorem holds. As for the prolongation algorithm, it is extremely useful when dealing with groupoids whereas rat…
In this work we introduce the category of multiplicative sections of an $\la$-groupoid. We prove that this category carries natural strict Lie 2-algebra structures, which are Morita invariant. As applications, we study the algebraic structure underlying multiplicative vector fields on a Lie groupoid and in particular vector fields on differentiable stacks. We also introduce the notion of geometric vector field on the quotient stack of a Lie groupoid, showing that the space of such vector fields is a Lie algebra. We describe the Lie algebra of geometric vector fields in several cases, including…
In this paper we prove that every proper Lie groupoid admits a desingularization to a regular proper Lie groupoid. When equipped with a Riemannian metric, we show that it admits a desingularization to a regular Riemannian proper Lie groupoid, arbitrarily close to the original one in the Gromov-Hausdorff distance between the quotient spaces. We construct the desingularization via a successive blow-up construction on a proper Lie groupoid. We also prove that our construction of the desingularization is invariant under Morita equivalence of groupoids, showing that it is a desingularization of the…
We define multiplicative Poisson-Nijenhuis structures on a Lie groupoid which extends the notion of symplectic-Nijenhuis groupoid introduced by Stié23non and Xu. We also introduce a special class of Lie bialgebroid structure on a Lie algebroid $A$, called P-N Lie bialgebroid, which defines a hierarchy of compatible Lie bialgebroid structures on $A$. We show that under some topological assumption on the groupoid, there is a one-to-one correspondence between multiplicative Poisson-Nijenhuis structures on a Lie groupoid and P-N Lie bialgebroid structures on the corresponding Lie algebroid.
In this paper, we introduce a notion of a central $U(1)$-extension of a double Lie groupoid and show that it defines a cocycle in the certain triple complex.
For any topological groupoid G and any homomorphism from a locally compact Hausdorff topological group K to G, we construct an associated monodromy group. We prove that Morita equivalent topological groupoids have the same monodromy groups. We show how the monodromy groups can be used to test if a Lie groupoid lacks faithful representations.
We study some properties of coisotropic submanifolds of a manifold with respect to a given multivector field. Using this notion, we generalize the results of Weinstein \cite{wein} from Poisson bivector field to Nambu-Poisson tensor or more generally to any multivector field. We also introduce the notion of Nambu-Lie groupoid generalizing the concepts of both Poisson-Lie groupoid and Nambu-Lie group. We show that the infinitesimal version of Nambu-Lie groupoid is the notion of weak Lie-Filippov bialgebroid as introduced in \cite{bas-bas-das-muk}. Next we introduce coisotropic subgroupoids of a …
On the holonomy of Lie algebroids
本文引入李代数胚的和乐群胚，推广叶状结构和乐群胚与李代数伴随表示，证明其纵向光滑性并计算其李代数胚，利用流乘积构造其群胚结构，为Weinstein群胚提供新定义方式。
We introduce a notion of metric on a Lie groupoid, compatible with multiplication, and we study its properties. We show that many families of Lie groupoids admit such metrics, including the important class of proper Lie groupoids. The exponential map of these metrics allow us to establish a Linearization Theorem for Riemannian groupoids, obtaining both a simpler proof and a stronger version of the Weinstein-Zung Linearization Theorem for proper Lie groupoids. This new notion of metric has a simplicial nature which will be explored in future papers of this series.
A Lie groupoid, called \textit{material Lie groupoid}, is associated in a natural way to any elastic material. The corresponding Lie algebroid, called \textit{material algebroid}, is used to characterize the uniformity and the homogeneity properties of the material. The relation to previous results in terms of $G-$structures is discussed in detail. An illustrative example is presented as an application of the theory.
The notion of $n$-transitivity can be carried over from groups of diffeomorphisms on a manifold $M$ to groups of bisections of a Lie groupoid over $M$. The main theorem states that the $n$-transitivity is fulfilled for all $n\in\mathbb N$ by an arbitrary group of $C^r$-bisections of a Lie groupoid $Γ$ of class $C^r$, where $1\leq r\leqω$, under mild conditions. For instance, the group of all bisections of any Lie groupoid and the group of all Lagrangian bisections of any symplectic groupoid are $n$-transitive in the sense of this theorem. In particular, if $Γ$ is source connected for any arrow…
A Lie groupoid, called \textit{second-order non-holonomic material Lie groupoid}, is associated in a natural way to any Cosserat media. This groupoid is used to give a new definition of homogeneity which does not depend on a reference crystal. The corresponding Lie algebroid, called \textit{second-order non-holonomic material Lie algebroid}, is used to characterize the homogeneity property of the material. We also relate these results with the previously ones in terms of non-holonomic second-order $\overline{G}$-structures.
Abelianization of Lie algebroids and Lie groupoids
该研究探讨李代数胚交换化的充要条件，以及李群胚在光滑范畴的充分条件与微分拓扑范畴的充要条件，为相关结构的交换化存在性提供理论依据。
In these lectures notes I discuss the Linearization Theorem for Lie groupoids, and its relation to the various classical linearization theorems for submersions, foliations and group actions. In particular, I explain in some detail the recent metric approach to this problem.
We give a precise and general description of gerbes valued in arbitrary crossed module and over an arbitrary differential stack. We do it using only Lie groupoids, hence ordinary differential geometry. We prove the coincidence with the existing notions by comparing our construction with non-Abelian cohomology.
This thesis treats two main topics: calibrated symplectic foliations, and local Lie groupoids. Calibrated symplectic foliations are one possible generalization of taut foliations of 3-manifolds to higher dimensions. Their study has been popular in recent years, and we collect several interesting results. We then show how de Rham's theory of currents, and Sullivan's theory of structure currents, can be applied in trying to understand the calibratability of symplectic foliations. Our study of local Lie groupoids begins with their definition and an exploration of some of their basic properties. N…
We study deformations of Lie groupoids by means of the cohomology which controls them. This cohomology turns out to provide an intrinsic model for the cohomology of a Lie groupoid with values in its adjoint representation. We prove several fundamental properties of the deformation cohomology including Morita invariance, a van Est theorem, and a vanishing result in the proper case. Combined with Moser's deformation arguments for groupoids, we obtain several rigidity and normal form results.
On the integrability of Lie algebroids by diffeological spaces
本文引入 quasi-etale 微分图空间与奇异 Lie groupoid，构造推广经典理论的函子，并证明 Ševera-Weinstein groupoid 可实现 Lie algebroid 的积分，从而确立相应版本的 Lie 第三定理。
This is a concise introduction to the theory of Lie groupoids, with emphasis in their role as models for stacks. After some preliminaries, we review the foundations on Lie groupoids, and we carefully study equivalences and proper groupoids. Differentiable stacks are geometric objects which have manifolds and orbifolds as special instances, and can be presented as the transverse geometry of a Lie groupoid. Two Lie groupoids are equivalent if they are presenting the same stack, and proper groupoids are presentations of separated stacks, which by the linearization theorem are locally modeled by l…
Cartan-Lie algebroids, i.e. Lie algebroids equipped with a compatible connection, permit the definition of an adjoint representation, on the fiber as well as on the tangent of the base. We call (positive) quadratic Lie algebroids, Cartan-Lie algebroids with ad-invariant (Riemannian) metrics on their fibers and base $κ$ and $g$, respectively. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive quadratic Lie algebroid to integrate to a Riemmanian Cartan-Lie groupoid. Here we mean a Cartan-Lie groupoid $\mathcal{G}$ equipped with a bi-invariant and inversion invariant metric $η$ o…
On the integration of transitive Lie algebroids
针对可递李代数胚积分到李群胚的问题，给出Crainic-Fernandes障碍的几何解释及障碍消失时的显式构造方法，并提出向正则李代数胚扩展的思路。
We describe a construction of the modular class associated to a representation up to homotopy of a Lie groupoid. In the case of the adjoint representation up to homotopy, this class is the obstruction to the existence of a volume form, in the sense of Weinstein's "The volume of a differentiable stack".
Morse theory on Lie groupoids
本文引入了Morita不变的Morse李群胚态射概念，证明了群胚版Morse引理以描述临界子群胚层的拓扑行为，并构造了Morse双复形以同构于Bott-Shulman-Stasheff上同调。
On Relative Cohomology for Lie groupoids and Lie Algebroids
本文发展了李群胚和李代数胚的相对上同调理论，通过van Est映射建立两者联系，并用于特征类的内蕴定义。
Lie groupoids determined by their orbit spaces
本文引入提升完备 Lie groupoid 概念，证明其商函子限制为该范畴与拟平展微分结构空间范畴间的等价关系，从而确立该类群胚的 Morita 等价类由其微分结构轨道空间唯一确定。
In this note we revisit the notions of transverse density bundle and of modular classes of Lie algebroids and Lie groupoids; in particular, we point out that one should use the transverse density bundle $\mathcal{D}_{A}^{\textrm{tr}}$ instead of $Q_A$, which is the representation that is commonly used when talking about modular classes. One of the reasons for this is that, as we will see, $Q_A$ is not really an object associated to the stack presented by a Lie groupoid (in general, it is not a representation of the groupoid!).
Cheeger Deformations for Lie groupoid actions
本文将光滑 Lie group 作用的 Cheeger 形变技巧扩展至 Lie groupoid 作用诱导的奇异 Riemannian foliation，并给出了广义 Cheeger 形变截面曲率的显式描述。
We show that every source connected Lie groupoid always has global bisections through any given point. This bisection can be chosen to be the multiplication of some exponentials as close as possible to a prescribed curve. The existence of bisections through more than one prescribed points is also discussed. We give some interesting applications of these results.
PB-groupoids vs VB-groupoids
本文提出主丛群丛与向量丛群丛的对应关系，通过框架兼容性与2群丛作用扩展经典对应关系。
Deformations of Lie groupoid morphisms
本文建立了李群胚态射的形变理论，定义了形变上同调并证明其同构不变性、稳定性及Morita不变性，同时利用同时形变研究广义态射上同调和乘法形式的形变。
We describe a local model for any Singular Riemannian Foliation in a neighbourhood of a closed saturated submanifold of a regular stratum. Moreover we construct a Lie groupoid which controls the transverse geometry of the linear approximation of the Singular Riemannian Foliation around these submanifolds. We also discuss the closure of this Lie groupoid and its Lie algebroid.
On Multiplicative Weightings for Lie Groupoids and Lie Algebroids
本文系统发展向量丛、李群胚与李代数胚的加权微分几何，给出乘法加权的等价定义，并解决其无穷小版本的积分问题。
A multiplicatively closed, horizontal $n$-plane field $D$ on a Lie groupoid $G$ over $M$ generalizes to intransitive geometry the classical notion of a Cartan connection. The infinitesimalization of the connection $D$ is a Cartan connection $\nabla $ on the Lie algebroid of $G$, a notion already studied elsewhere by the author. It is shown that $\nabla $ may be regarded as infinitesimal parallel translation in the groupoid $G$ along $D$. From this follows a proof that $D$ defines a pseudoaction generating a pseudogroup of transformations on $M$ precisely when the curvature of $\nabla $ vanishe…
We address the question of duality for the dynamical Poisson groupoids of Etingof and Varchenko over a contractible base. We also give an explicit description for the coboundary case associated with the solutions of the classical dynamical Yang-Baxter equation on simple Lie algebras as classified by the same authors. Our approach is based on the study of a class of Poisson structures on trivial Lie groupoids within the category of biequivariant Poisson manifolds. In the former case, it is shown that the dual Poisson groupoid of such a dynamical Poisson groupoid is isomorphic to a Poisson group…
Lie groupoids and the Frolicher-Nijenhuis bracket
本文研究李群胚上的乘法向量值形式，证明其关于Frolicher-Nijenhuis括号自然构成分次李子代数，并给出该类形式的多种实例与刻画方式，拓展了相关分次李代数结构的研究范畴。
We introduce multiplicative differential forms on Lie groupoids with values in VB-groupoids. Our main result gives a complete description of these objects in terms of infinitesimal data. By considering split VB-groupoids, we are able to present a Lie theory for differential forms on Lie groupoids with values in 2-term representations up to homotopy. We also define a differential complex whose 1-cocycles are exactly the multiplicative forms with values in VB-groupoids and study the Morita invariance of its cohomology.
We discuss two sorts of generalization of Lie groupoids. One is Lie $n$-groupoids defined as simplicial manifolds with trivial $π_{k\geq n+1}$. The other is the stacky Lie groupoid $\cG\rra M$ with $\cG$ a differentiable stack. We build 1-1 correspondence between Lie 2-groupoids and stacky Lie groupoids up to a certain Morita equivalence. Equivalences of these higher groupoids are described.
We apply the bar construction to the nerve of a double Lie groupoid to obtain a local Lie 2-groupoid. As an application, we recover Haefliger's fundamental groupoid from the fundamental double groupoid of a Lie groupoid. In the case of a symplectic double groupoid, we study the induced closed 2-form on the associated local Lie 2-groupoid, which leads us to propose a definition of a symplectic 2-groupoid.
We study a few basic properties of Banach-Lie groupoids and algebroids, adapting some classical results on finite dimensional Lie groupoids. As an illustration of the general theory, we show that the notion of locally transitive Banach-Lie groupoid sheds fresh light on earlier research on some infinite-dimensional manifolds associated with Banach algebras.
We complete the construction of the double Lie algebroid of a double Lie groupoid begun in the first paper of this title. We show that the Lie algebroid structure of an LA--groupoid may be prolonged to the Lie algebroid of its Lie groupoid structure; in the case of a double groupoid this prolonged structure for either LA--groupoid is canonically isomorphic to the Lie algebroid structure associated with the other; this extends many canonical isomorphisms associated with iterated tangent and cotangent structures. We also show that the cotangent of a double Lie groupoid is a symplectic double gro…
Stacky Lie groupoids are generalizations of Lie groupoids in which the "space of arrows" of the groupoid is a differentiable stack. In this paper, we consider actions of stacky Lie groupoids on differentiable stacks and their associated quotients. We provide a characterization of principal actions of stacky Lie groupoids, i.e., actions whose quotients are again differentiable stacks in such a way that the projection onto the quotient is a principal bundle. As an application, we extend the notion of Morita equivalence of Lie groupoids to the realm of stacky Lie groupoids, providing examples tha…
Following Sullivan's spacial realization of a differential algebra, we construct a universal integrating Lie 2-groupoid for every Lie algebroid. Then We show that unlike Lie algebras which one-to-one correspond to simply connected Lie groups, Lie algebroids (integrable or not) one-to-one correspond to a sort of etale Lie 2-groupoids with 2-connected source fibres. Finally, we discuss how to lift Lie algebroid morphisms to Lie 2-groupoid morphisms (Lie II Theorem).
We prove that every slim double Lie groupoid with proper core action is completely determined by a factorization of a certain canonically defined "diagonal" Lie groupoid.
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