92 pages, LaTeX, uses Paul Taylor's diagrams.sty; the A_infiniti Yoneda Lemma is referred to another paper instead of being proved. Resubmitted for TeXnical reasons
For a full subcategory B of a unital A_infinity-category C a quotient unital A_infinity-category `C/B' is defined. For differential graded categories such quotient is constructed by V.Drinfeld. Our construction is explicit and uses freely generated A_infinity-categories. The quotient D=`C/B' represents the A_infinity-2-functor A \mapsto A_\infty^u(C,A)_{modulo B}, which associates with a given unital A_infinity-category A the A_infinity-category of unital A_infinity-functors C -> A, whose restriction to B is contractible.
In this paper, we study weakly unital dg categories as they were defined by Kontsevich and Soibelman [KS, Sect.4]. We construct a cofibrantly generated Quillen model structure on the category $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dgwu}}(\Bbbk)$ of small weakly unital dg categories over a field $\Bbbk$. Our model structure can be thought of as an extension of the model structure on the category $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dg}}(\Bbbk)$ of (strictly unital) small dg categories over $\Bbbk$, due to Tabuada [Tab]. More precisely, we show that the imbedding of $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dg}}(\Bbbk)$ to $\mathrm{Cat}_{\math…
In this paper, which is subsequent to our previous paper [PS] (but can be read independently from it), we continue our study of the closed model structure on the category $\mathrm{Cat}_{\mathrm{dgwu}}(\Bbbk)$ of small weakly unital dg categories (in the sense of Kontsevich-Soibelman [KS]) over a field $\Bbbk$. In [PS], we constructed a closed model structure on the category of weakly unital dg categories, imposing a technical condition on the weakly unital dg categories, saying that $\mathrm{id}_x\cdot \mathrm{id}_x=\mathrm{id}_x$ for any object $x$. Although this condition led us to a great s…
We prove that three definitions of unitality for A-infinity-categories suggested by the first author, by Kontsevich and Soibelman, and by Fukaya are equivalent.
Inspired by Lurie's theory of quasi-unital algebras we prove an analogous result for $\infty$-categories. In particular, we show that the unital structure of an $\infty$-category can be uniquely recovered from the underlying non-unital structure once suitable candidates for units have been identified. The main result of this paper can be used to produce a proof for the 1-dimensional cobordism hypothesis, as described in a forthcoming paper.
In this article we extend the theory of lax monoidal structures, also known as multitensors, and the monads on categories of enriched graphs that they give rise to. Our first principal result -- the lifting theorem for multitensors -- enables us to see the Gray tensor product of 2-categories and the Crans tensor product of Gray categories as part of this framework. We define weak n-categories with strict units by means of a notion of reduced higher operad, using the theory of algebraic weak factorisation systems. Our second principal result is to establish a lax tensor product on the category …
Let C and D be quasi-categories (a.k.a. infinity-categories). Suppose also that one has an assignment sending commutative diagrams of C to commutative diagrams of D which respects face maps, but not necessarily degeneracy maps. (This is akin to having an assignment which respects all compositions, but may not send identity morphisms to identity morphisms.) When does this assignment give rise to an actual functor? We show that if the original assignment can be shown to respect identity morphisms up to homotopy, then there exists an honest functor of infinity-categories which respects the origin…
We study centrality of morphisms in a setting derived from that of a pointed category in which binary products commute with coequalisers. The main results of this paper show that much of the behaviour of central morphisms for unital categories is retained in our setting, including categories which are (weakly) unital, but also categories outside of the unital setting.
We classify certain subcategories in quotients of exact categories. In particular, we classify the triangulated and thick subcategories of an algebraic triangulated category, i.e. the stable category of a Frobenius category.
We prove that the localizations of the categories of dg categories, of cohomologically unital and strictly unital $A_\infty$ categories with respect to the corresponding classes of quasi-equivalences are all equivalent. Moreover we show that the last two localizations are equivalent to the corresponding quotients by the relation of being isomorphic in the cohomology of the $A_\infty$ category of $A_\infty$ functors. As an application we give a complete proof of a claim by Kontsevich stating that the category of internal Homs for two dg categories can be described as the category of strictly un…
We introduce the concept of a pseudo-cluster tilting subcategory from the viewpoint of the fact that the quotient of an exact category by a cluster tilting subcategory is an abelian category. We prove that the quotients in the case of pseudo-cluster tilting are always semi-abelian. In addition, it is abelian if and only if some self-orthogonal conditions are satisfied. We revisit the abelian quotient category of conflations by splitting ones, and get that there exists a unique exact substructure such that it is a cluster quotient.
We introduce the notion of the quotient of a category $C$ by the action $A : M \longrightarrow C \times C$ of a unital symmetric monoidal category $M$. The quotient $C/M$ is a 2-category. We prove its existence and uniqueness by first showing that every small 2-category has a presentation in terms of generators and relations and then describing the generators and relations needed for the quotient $C/M$.
We construct an A_infinity-category D(C|B) from a given A_infinity-category C and its full subcategory B. The construction is similar to a particular case of Drinfeld's quotient of differential graded categories. We use D(C|B) to construct an A_infinity-functor of K-injective resolutions of a complex. The conventional derived category is obtained as the 0-th cohomology of the quotient of differential graded category of complexes over acyclic complexes.
In this note, we define a recollement of additive categories, and prove that such a recollement can induce a recollement of their quotient categories. As an application, we get a recollement of quotient triangulated categories induced by mutation pairs.
On the representability of actions of unital algebras
Université catholique de Louvain（天主教鲁汶大学）；Università degli Studi di Palermo（巴勒莫大学）；Università degli Studi di Messina（墨西拿大学）；Università degli Studi di Milano Statale（米兰州立大学）
We classify the "quotients" of a tannakian category in which the objects of a tannakian subcategory become trivial, and we examine the properties of such quotient categories.
We investigate unital, subtractive and strongly unital regular categories with enough projectives and give characterizations of their projective covers. The categorical equation "strongly unital = unital + subtractive" is explored: this leads to proofs of their varietal characterizations in terms of the categorical properties of the corresponding algebraic theories.
We define natural A_infinity-transformations and construct A_infinity-category of A_infinity-functors. The notion of non-strict units in an A_infinity-category is introduced. The 2-category of (unital) A_infinity-categories, (unital) functors and transformations is described.
The Verdier quotient $\mathcal{T}/\mathcal{S}$ of a triangulated category $\mathcal{T}$ by a triangulated subcategory $\mathcal{S}$ is defined by a universal property with respect to triangulated functors out of $\mathcal{T}$. However, $\mathcal{T}/\mathcal{S}$ is in fact a localization of $\mathcal{T}$, i.e., it is obtained from $\mathcal{T}$ by formally inverting a class of morphisms. We establish the analogous result for small stable quasi-categories. As an application, we explore the compatibility of Verdier quotients with symmetric monoidal structures. In particular, we record a few usefu…
A moment category is endowed with a distinguished set of split idempotents, called moments, which can be transported along morphisms. Equivalently, a moment category is a category with an active/inert factorisation system fulfilling two simple axioms. These axioms imply that the moments of a fixed object form a monoid, actually a left regular band. Each locally finite unital moment category defines a specific type of operad which records the combinatorics of partitioning moments into elementary ones. In this way the notions of symmetric, non-symmetric and $n$-operad correspond to unital moment…
Keller introduced a notion of quotient of a differential graded category modulo a full differential graded subcategory which agrees with Verdier's notion of quotient of a triangulated category modulo a triangulated subcategory. This work is an attempt to further develop his theory. More than a half of the text is devoted to an overview of "well known" definitions and results. As a result, the e-print is essentially self-contained.
We define mutation pair in an n-angulated category and prove that given such a mutation pair, the corresponding quotient category carries a natural n-angulated structure. This result generalizes a theorem of Iyama-Yoshino in classical triangulated category. As an application, we obtain that the quotient category of a Frobenius n-angulated category is also an n-angulated category.
The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient computational model for Abelian categories of coherent sheaves over certain classes of varieties. These categories are naturally described as Serre quotient categories. Hence, our approach relies on describing general Serre quotient categories in a constructive way which leads to an efficient computer implementation.
We prove that some subquotient categories of exact categories are abelian. This generalizes a result by Koenig-Zhu in the case of (algebraic) triangulated categories. As a particular case, if an exact category B with enough projectives and injectives has a cluster tilting subcategory M, then B/M is abelian. More precisely, it is equivalent to the category of finitely presented modules over the stable category of M.
Let C be a triangulated category with a Serre functor S and X a non-zero contravariantly finite rigid subcategory of C. Then X is cluster tilting if and only if the quotient category C/X is abelian and S(X)=X[2]. As an application, this result generalizes work by Beligiannis.
It is known by results of Dyckerhoff-Kapranov and of Gálvez--Carrillo-Kock-Tonks that the output of the Waldhausen S.-construction has a unital 2-Segal structure. Here, we prove that a certain S.-functor defines an equivalence between the category of augmented stable double categories and the category of unital 2-Segal sets. The inverse equivalence is described explicitly by a path construction. We illustrate the equivalence for the known examples of partial monoids, cobordism categories with genus constraints and graph coalgebras.
In this paper we show that to a unital associative algebra object (resp. co-unital co-associative co-algebra object) of any abelian monoidal category $\mathcal{C}$ endowed with a symmetric $2$-trace, one can attach a cyclic (resp. cocyclic) module, and therefore speak of the cyclic (co)homology of the (co)algebra "with coefficients in $F$". We observe that if $\mathcal{M}$ is a $\mathcal{C}$-bimodule category equipped with a stable central pair then $\mathcal{C}$ acquires a symmetric 2-trace. The dual notions of symmetric $2$-contratraces and stable central contrapairs are derived as well. As …
Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a essentially small abelian category and $\mathcal{C}$ be a Serre subcategory of $\mathcal{A}$. Consider the quotient functor $q:\mathcal{A}\rightarrow \mathcal{A}/\mathcal{C}$. For an object $A\in \mathcal{A}$ and a non-negative integer $k$ we investigate when the natural map $q_{X,A}^i: \rm Ext^i_{\mathcal{A}}(X,A)\rightarrow Ext^i_{\mathcal{A}/\mathcal{C}}(q(X),q(A))$ is invertible for every $X\in \mathcal{A}$ and every $i\in\{0,1,\cdots,k\}$. In the end we give an application of the main theorem.
We study properties of a category after quotienting out a suitable chosen group of isomorphisms on each object. Coproducts in the original category are described in its quotient by our new weaker notion of a 'phased coproduct'. We examine these and show that any suitable category with them arises as such a quotient of a category with coproducts. Motivation comes from projective geometry, and also quantum theory where they describe superpositions in the category of Hilbert spaces and continuous linear maps up to global phase. The quotients we consider also generalise those induced by categorica…
We study abelian envelopes for pseudo-tensor categories with the property that every object in the envelope is a quotient of an object in the pseudo-tensor category. We establish an intrinsic criterion on pseudo-tensor categories for the existence of an abelian envelope satisfying this quotient property. This allows us to interpret the extension of scalars and Deligne tensor product of tensor categories as abelian envelopes, and to enlarge the class of tensor categories for which all extensions of scalars and tensor products are known to remain tensor categories. For an affine group scheme G, …
We examine various triangulated quotients of the module category of a finite group. We demonstrate that these are not compactly generated by the simple modules and present a modification of Rickard's Idempotent Module construction that accounts for this. When the localizing subcategories are sufficiently nice we give an explicit description of the objects in the Bousfield triangles for modules that are direct limits of sequences of finite dimensional modules in terms of homotopy colimits.
We give a sufficient condition for a Verdier quotient $\ct/\cs$ of a triangulated category $\ct$ by a thick subcategory $\cs$ to be realized inside of $\ct$ as an ideal quotient. As applications, we deduce three significant results by Buchweitz, Orlov and Amiot--Guo--Keller.
In a previous paper, we showed that a discrete version of the $S_\bullet$-construction gives an equivalence of categories between unital 2-Segal sets and augmented stable double categories. Here, we generalize this result to the homotopical setting, by showing that there is a Quillen equivalence between a model category for unital 2-Segal objects and a model category for augmented stable double Segal objects which is given by an $S_\bullet$-construction. We show that this equivalence fits together with the result in the discrete case and briefly discuss how it encompasses other known $S_\bulle…
We prove that the category of models of any relational Horn theory satisfying a mild syntactic condition is infinitely extensive. Central examples of such categories include the categories of preordered sets and partially ordered sets, and the categories of small $\mathscr{V}$-categories, (symmetric) pseudo-$\mathscr{V}$-metric spaces, and (symmetric) $\mathscr{V}$-metric spaces for a commutative unital quantale $\mathscr{V}$. We also explicitly characterize initial sources and final sinks in such categories, and in particular embeddings and quotients.
We associate to each unital $C^*$-algebra $A$ a geometric object---a diagram of topological spaces representing quotient spaces of the noncommutative space underlying $A$---meant to serve the role of a generalized Gel'fand spectrum. After showing that any functor $F$ from compact Hausdorff spaces to a suitable target category can be applied directly to these geometric objects to automatically yield an extension $\tilde{F}$ which acts on all unital $C^*$-algebras, we compare a novel formulation of the operator $K_0$ functor to the extension $\tilde K$ of the topological $K$-functor.
We consider the ordinary category Span(C) of (isomorphism classes of) spans of morphisms in a category C with finite limits as needed, composed horizontally via pullback, and give a general criterion for a quotient of Span(C) to be an allegory. In particular, when C carries a pullback-stable, but not necessarily proper, (E, M)-factorization system, we establish a quotient category Span_E(C) that is isomorphic to the category Rel_M(C) of M-relations in C, and show that it is a (unitary and tabular) allegory precisely when M is a class of monomorphisms in C. Without this restriction, one can sti…
A central extension is a regular epimorphism in a Barr exact category $\mathscr{C}$ satisfying suitable conditions involving a given Birkhoff subcategory of $\mathscr{C}$ (joint work with G. M. Kelly, 1994). In this paper we take $\mathscr{C}$ to be the category of (not-necessarily-unital) algebras over a (unital) commutative ring and consider central extensions with respect to the category of commutative algebras. We propose a new approach that avoids the intermediate notion of central extension due to A. Fröhlich in showing that $α:A\to B$ is a central extension if and only if $aa'=a'a$ for …
In this paper, we consider a kind of ideal quotient of an extriangulated category such that the ideal is the kernel of a functor from this extriangulated category to an abelian category. We study a condition when the functor is dense and full, in another word, the ideal quotient becomes abelian. Moreover, a new equivalent characterization of cluster-tilting subcategories is given by applying homological methods according to this functor. As an application, we show that in a connected 2-Calabi-Yau triangulated category B, a functorially finite, extension closed subcategory T of B is cluster til…
In order to study the problems of extending an action along a quotient of the acted object and along a quotient of the acting object, we investigate some properties of the fibration of points. In fact, we obtain a characterization of protomodular categories among quasi-pointed regular ones, and, in the semi-abelian case, a characterization of strong protomodular categories. Eventually, we return to the initial questions by stating the results in terms of internal actions.
Infinity-categorical universal properties of quotients and localizations of A-infinity-categories
Center for Geometry and Physics (IBS), Pohang, Korea（韩国浦项几何与物理中心（IBS））；Department of Mathematics, POSTECH, Pohang Korea（韩国浦项科学技术大学数学系）；Department of Mathematics, Texas State University（德克萨斯州立大学数学系）
In our previous article, we constructed an abelian category from any torsion pair on a triangulated category. This generalizes the heart of a $t$-structure and the ideal quotient by a cluster tilting subcategory. Recently, generalizing the quotient by a cluster tilting subcategory, Buan and Marsh showed that an integral preabelian category can be constructed as a quotient, from a rigid object in a triangulated category with some conditions. In this article, by considering a pair of torsion pairs, we make a simultaneous genralization of these two constructions.
We put cluster tilting in ageneral framework by showing that any quotient of a triangulated category modulo a tilting subcategory (that is, a maximal one-orthogonal subcategory) carries an abelian structure. These abelian quotients turn out to be module categories of Goreisten algebras of dimension at most one.
We consider the universal pivotal, symmetric, monoidal, $\Bbbk$-linear category, generated by a Schurian object with a skew-symmetric multiplication, and study some of its quotients. We show that these quotients give rise to either vector product algebras or representation categories of exceptional Lie algebras.
In this paper we study quotients of posets by group actions. In order to define the quotient correctly we enlarge the considered class of categories from posets to loopfree categories: categories without nontrivial automorphisms and inverses. We view group actions as certain functors and define the quotients as colimits of these functors. The advantage of this definition over studying the quotient poset (which in our language is the colimit in the poset category) is that the realization of the quotient loopfree category is more often homeomorphic to the quotient of the realization of the origi…
