We show that every formal embedding sending a real-analytic strongly pseudoconvex hypersurface in $M\subset \C^N$ into another such hypersurface in $M'\subset \C^{N+1}$ is convergent. More generally, if $M$ and $M'$ are merely Levi-nondegenerate, the same conclusion holds for any formal embedding provided either that the embedding is CR transversal or the target hypersurface does not contain any complex curves.
We study Levi-flat real analytic hypersurfaces with singularities. We prove that the Levi foliation on the regular part of the hypersurface can be holomorphically extended, in a suitable sense, to neighbourhoods of singular points.
We investigate the accumulation to singular points of leaves of codimension one foliations whose normal bundle is ample, with emphasis on the nonexistence of Levi-flat hypersurfaces.
We study the holomorphic extendability of smooth CR maps between real analytic strictly pseudoconvex hypersurfaces in complex affine spaces of different dimensions.
We show that for every smooth generic projective hypersurface $X\subset\mathbb P^{n+1}$, there exists a proper subvariety $Y\subsetneq X$ such that $\operatorname{codim}_X Y\ge 2$ and for every non constant holomorphic entire map $f\colon\mathbb C\to X$ one has $f(\mathbb C)\subset Y$, provided $°X\ge 2^{n^5}$. In particular, we obtain an effective confirmation of the Kobayashi conjecture for threefolds in $\mathbb P^4$.
This paper deals with codimension one (may be singular) foliations on compact Kälher manifolds whose conormal bundle is assumed to be pseudo-effective. Using currents with minimal singularities, we show that one can endow the space of leaves with a metric of constant non positive curvature wich may degenerate on a rigidly embedded invariant hypersurface.
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a codimension one holomorphic foliation in $\mathbb{P}^n$, $n\geq 2$, leaving invariant a real-analytic Levi-flat hypersurface $M$ with regular part $M^{*}$. Then every leaf of $\mathcal{F}$ outside $\overline{M^{*}}$ accumulates in $\overline{M^{*}}$.
We investigate germs of real analytic Levi-flat hypersurfaces tangent to germs of codimension one holomorphic webs. We introduce the notion of first integrals for local webs. In particular, we prove that a $k$-web with finitely many invariant analytic subvarieties through the origin tangent to a Levi-flat hypersurface has a holomorphic first integral.
A local uniqueness property of holomorphic functions on real-analytic nowhere minimal CR submanifolds of higher codimension is investigated. A sufficient condition called almost minimality is given and studied. A weaker necessary condition, being contained a possibly singular real-analytic Levi-flat hypersurface is studied and characterized. This question is completely resolved for algebraic submanifolds of codimension 2 and a sufficient condition for noncontainment is given for non algebraic submanifolds. As a consequence, an example of a submanifold of codimension 2, not biholomorphically eq…
We consider holomorphic mappings $H$ between a smooth real hypersurface $M\subset \bC^{n+1}$ and another $M'\subset \bC^{N+1}$ with $N\geq n$. We provide conditions guaranteeing that $H$ is transversal to $M'$ along all of $M$. In the strictly pseudoconvex case, this is well known and follows from the classical Hopf boundary lemma. In the equidimensional case ($N=n$), transversality holds for maps of full generic rank provided that the source is of finite type in view of recent results by the authors (see also a previous paper by the first author and L. Rothschild). In the positive codimension…
Let $S\subset \C^n$, $n\geq 3$ be a compact connected 2-codimensional submanifold having the following property: there exists a Levi-flat hypersurface whose boundary is $S$, possibly as a current. Our goal is to get examples of such $S$ containing at least one special 1-hyperbolic point: sphere with two horns; elementary models and their gluing. The particular cases of graphs are also described.
A formal invertible equivalence between two minimal real analytic hypersurfaces converges if and only if the hypersurfaces are holomorphically nondegenerate
We prove finite jet determination results for smooth CR embeddings which are of constant degeneracy, using the method of complete systems. As an application, we derive a reflection principle for mappings between a Levi-nondegenerate hypersurface in C^N and a Levi-nondegenerate hypersurface in C^{N+1}. We also give an independent proof of the reflection principle for mappings between strictly pseudoconvex hypersurfaces in any codimension due to Forstneric.
Let f : (M,p)\to (M',p') be a formal biholomorphic mapping between two germs of real analytic hypersurfaces in \C^n, p'=f(p). Assuming the source manifold to be minimal at p, we prove the convergence of the so-called reflection function associated to f. As a consequence, we derive the convergence of formal biholomorphisms between real analytic minimal holomorphically nondegenerate hypersurfaces. Related results on partial convergence of formal biholomorphisms are also obtained.
Let (M,p) and (M',p') be the germs of real-analytic 1-infinite type hypersurfaces in \C^2. We prove that any formal equivalence sending (M,p) into (M',p') is formally parametrized (and hence uniquely determined by) its jet at p of a predetermined order depending only on (M,p). As an application, we use this to examine the local formal transformation groups of such hypersurfaces.
We consider the class of Levi nondegenerate hypersurfaces $M$ in $\bC^{n+1}$ that admit a local (CR transversal) embedding, near a point $p\in M$, into a standard nondegenerate hyperquadric in $\Bbb C^{N+1}$ with codimension $k:=N-n$ small compared to the CR dimension $n$ of $M$. We show that, for hypersurfaces in this class, there is a normal form (which is closely related to the embedding) such that any local equivalence between two hypersurfaces in normal form must be an automorphism of the associated tangent hyperquadric. We also show that if the signature of $M$ and that of the standard h…
We study the singular set of a singular Levi-flat real-analytic hypersurface. We prove that the singular set of such a hypersurface is Levi-flat in the appropriate sense. We also show that if the singular set is small enough, then the Levi-foliation extends to a singular codimension one holomorphic foliation of a neighborhood of the hypersurface.
Let $M\subset \mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ ($n\geq 2$) be a real analytic submanifold defined by an equation of the form: $w=|z|^2+O(|z|^3)$, where we use $(z,w)\in \mathbb{C}^{n}\times \mathbb{C}$ for the coordinates of $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$. We first derive a pseudo-normal form for $M$ near 0. We then use it to prove that $(M,0)$ is holomorphically equivalent to the quadric $(M_\infty: w=|z|^2,0)$ if and only if it can be formally transformed to $(M_\infty,0)$. We also use it to give a necessary and sufficient condition when $(M,0)$ can be formally flattened. The result is due to Moser for the case of $n=…
Although the concept of defect of an analytic disc attached to a generic manifold of $\C^{n}$ seems to play a merely technical role, it turns out to be a rather deep and fruitful notion for the extendability of CR functions defined on the manifold. In this paper we give a new geometric description of defect, drawing attention to the behaviour of the interior points of the disc by infinitesimal perturbations. For hypersurfaces a stronger result holds because these perturbations describe a complex vector space of $\C^{n}$. For a big analytic disc the defect does not need to be smaller than the c…
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a singular codimension one holomorphic foliation on a compact complex manifold $X$ of dimension at least three such that its singular set has codimension at least two. In this paper, we determine Lehmann-Suwa residues of $\mathcal{F}$ as multiples of complex numbers by integration currents along irreducible complex subvarieties of $X$. We then prove a formula that determines the Baum-Bott residue of simple almost Liouvillian foliations of codimension one, in terms of Lehmann-Suwa residues, generalizing a result of Marco Brunella. As an application, we give sufficient condi…
We prove that the preimage of a germ of a singular analytic hypersurface under a germ of a finite holomorphic map $g: (\mathbb{C}^n,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb{C}^n,0)$ is again singular. This provides a generalization of previous results of this nature by Ebenfelt-Rothschild [Comm. Anal. Geom. 15 (2007), no. 2, 491-507], Lebl [arXiv:0812.2498], and Denkowski [Manuscripta Math. 149 (2016), no. 1-2, 83-91]. The same statement is proved for pullbacks of singular codimension one holomorphic foliations.
Let $H \subset {\mathbb P}^n$ be a real-analytic subvariety of codimension one induced by a real-analytic curve in the Grassmannian $G(n+1,n)$. Assuming $H$ has a global defining function, we prove $H$ is Levi-flat, the closure of its smooth points of top dimension is a union of complex hyperplanes, and its singular set is either of dimension $2n-2$ or dimension $2n-4$. If the singular set is of dimension $2n-4$, then we show the hypersurface is algebraic and the Levi-foliation extends to a singular holomorphic foliation of ${\mathbb P}^n$ with a meromorphic (rational of degree 1) first integr…
In this article we provide a version of Chow's theorem for real analytic Levi-flat hypersurfaces in the complex projective space $\mathbb{P}^{n}$, $n \geq 2$. More specifically, we prove that a real analytic Levi-flat hypersurface $M \subset \mathbb{P}^{n}$, with singular set of real dimension at most $2n-4$ and whose Levi leaves are contained in algebraic hypersurfaces, is tangent to the levels of a rational function in $\mathbb{P}^{n}$. As a consequence, $M$ is a semialgebraic set. We also prove that a Levi foliation on $\mathbb{P}^{n}$ - a singular real analytic foliation whose leaves are i…
We show that the amoeba of a generic complex algebraic variety of codimension $1<r<n$ do not have a finite basis. In other words, it is not the intersection of finitely many hypersurface amoebas. Moreover we give a geometric characterization of the topological boundary of hypersurface amoebas refining an earlier result of F. Schroeter and T. de Wolff \cite{SW-13}.
We give series of explicit examples of Levi-nondegenerate real-analytic hypersurfaces in complex spaces that are not transversally holomorphically embeddable into hyperquadrics of any dimension. For this, we construct invariants attached to a given hypersurface that serve as obstructions to embeddability. We further study the embeddability problem for real-analytic submanifolds of higher codimension and answer a question by Forstnerič.
The purpose of this article is to study compactness of the complex Green operator on CR manifolds of hypersurface type. We introduce (CR-P_q), a potential theoretic condition on $(0,q)$-forms that generalizes Catlin's property (P_q) to CR manifolds of arbitrary codimension. We prove that if an embedded CR-manifold of hypersurface type satisfies (CR-P_q) and (CR-P_{n-1-q}) and is of real dimension at least five, then the complex Green operator is a compact operator on the Sobolev spaces $H^s_{0,q}(M)$, if $1\leq q \leq n-2$ and $s\geq 0$. We use CR-plurisubharmonic functions to build a microloc…
We study the non-embddability property for a class of real hypersurfaces, called real hypersurfaces of involution type, into the sphere in the low codimensional case, by making use of property of a naturally related Gauss curvature. We also study rigidity problems for conformal maps between a class of Kähler manifolds with pseud-conformally flat metrics.
