Algebraic structures such as monoids, groups, and categories can be formulated within a category using commutative diagrams. In many common categories these reduce to familiar cases. In particular, group objects in Grp are abelian groups, while internal categories in Grp are equivalent both to group objects in Cat and to crossed modules of groups. In this exposition we give an elementary introduction to some of the key concepts in this area.
Internal categories feature notions of limit and completeness, as originally proposed in the context of the effective topos. This paper sets out the theory of internal completeness in a general context, spelling out the details of the definitions of limit and completeness and clarifying some subtleties. Remarkably, complete internal categories are also cocomplete and feature a suitable version of the adjoint functor theorem. Such results are understood as consequences of the intrinsic smallness of internal categories.
This paper provides several characterizations of final functors between internal groupoids in Barr-exact categories. In particular, it is proved that an internal functor between groupoids is final if and only if it is full and essentially surjective.
We introduce the theory of enrichment over an internal monoidal category as a common generalization of both the standard theories of enriched and internal categories. The aim of the paper is to justify and contextualize the new notion by comparing it to other known generalizations of enrichment: namely, those for indexed categories and for generalized multicategories. It turns out that both of these notions are closely related to internal enrichment and, as a corollary, to each other.
Enrichment and internal categories are two different way to generalize the notion of category. As such, enriching double categories (which are categories internal to Cat) is not a clear concepts. One can look at the internal categories of the category of C-enriched categories or the internal C-category in Cat. This concepts, unfortunately, are not powerful enough, even thin (posetal) double categories can't be seen this way. However, an orthogonal investigation, that of the enrichment by a double category, will help relaxing the internal C-category to a incorporate the internal categories of t…
We introduce categories $\M$ and $§$ internal in the tricategory $\Bicat_3$ of bicategories, pseudofunctors, pseudonatural transformations and modifications, for matrices and spans in a 1-strict tricategory $V$. Their horizontal tricategories are the tricategories of matrices and spans in $V$. Both the internal and the enriched constructions are tricategorifications of the corresponding constructions in 1-categories. Following \cite{FGK} we introduce monads and their vertical morphisms in categories internal in tricategories. We prove an equivalent condition for when the internal categories fo…
A new construction to associate an internal category to an enriched one is presented. The key concept is that of extensive ambient category, and the construction follows the one that associates a category whose idempotents split to a given one. The association turns out to be functorial and left adjoint to an already known one when we restrict to a particular class of internal categories whose idempotents split in some canonical way and impose a size restriction.
In this article we review the theory of anafunctors introduced by Makkai and Bartels, and show that given a subcanonical site S, one can form a bicategorical localisation of various 2-categories of internal categories or groupoids at weak equivalences using anafunctors as 1-arrows. This unifies a number of proofs throughout the literature, using the fewest assumptions possible on S.
The category of small 2-categories has two monoidal structures due to John Gray: one biclosed and one closed. We propose a formalisation of the construction of the right internal and internal homs of these monoidal structures.
We put a model structure on the category of categories internal to simplicial sets whose weak equivalences are reflected by the nerve functor to bisimplicial sets with Rezk's model structure. This model structure is shown to be Quillen equivalent to Rezk's model structure, thus internal category are another model for $(\infty,1)$-categories.
We develop some basic concepts in the theory of higher categories internal to an arbitrary $\infty$-topos. We define internal left and right fibrations and prove a version of the Grothendieck construction and of Yoneda's lemma for internal categories.
The main aim of this paper is to provide a description of neighbourhood operators in finitely complete categories with finite coproducts and a proper factorisation system such that the semilattice of admissible subobjects make a distributive complete lattice. The equivalence between neighbourhoods, Kuratowski interior operators and pseudo-frame sets is proved. Furthermore the categories of internal neighbourhoods is shown to be topological. Regular epimorphisms of categories of neighbourhoods are described and conditions ensuring hereditary regular epimorphisms are probed. It is shown the cate…
We define bicategories internal to 2-categories. When the ambient 2-category is symmetric monoidal categories, this provides a convenient framework for encoding the structures of a symmetric monoidal 3-category. This framework is well suited to examples arising in geometry and algebra, such as the 3-category of bordisms or the 3-category of conformal nets.
We study the difference between internal categories and internal groupoids in terms of generalised Mal'tsev properties---the weak Mal'tsev property on the one hand, and $n$-permutability on the other. In the first part of the article we give conditions on internal categorical structures which detect whether the surrounding category is naturally Mal'tsev, Mal'tsev or weakly Mal'tsev. We show that these do not depend on the existence of binary products. In the second part we focus on varieties of algebras.
In this study, internal categories in the category of the crossed modules are characterized and it has been shown that there is a natural equivalence between the category of the crossed modules over crossed modules, i.e. crossed squares, and the category of the internal categories within the category of crossed modules. Finally, we obtain examples of crossed squares using this equivalence.
We prove that the homotopy theory of Joyal's tribes is equivalent to that of fibration categories. As a consequence, we deduce a variant of the conjecture asserting that Martin-Löf Type Theory with dependent sums and intensional identity types is the internal language of $(\infty, 1)$-categories with finite limits.
In this study, using the Brown-Spencer theorem and in the ligth of the works of Norrie, in the category of internal categories within groups, also called group-groupoids, we interpret the notion of actor of a crossed module over groups. Further, we construct the action of a group-groupoid on a group-groupoid. Moreover, we give the explicit construction of semi-direct product of two group-groupoids and of holomorph of group-groupoids.
We prove that the localizations of the categories of dg categories, of cohomologically unital and strictly unital $A_\infty$ categories with respect to the corresponding classes of quasi-equivalences are all equivalent. Moreover we show that the last two localizations are equivalent to the corresponding quotients by the relation of being isomorphic in the cohomology of the $A_\infty$ category of $A_\infty$ functors. As an application we give a complete proof of a claim by Kontsevich stating that the category of internal Homs for two dg categories can be described as the category of strictly un…
The category of internal coalgebras in a cocomplete category $\mathcal{C}$ with respect to a variety $\mathcal{V}$ is equivalent to the category of left adjoint functors from $\mathcal{V}$ into $\mathcal{C}$. This can be seen best when considering such coalgebras as finite coproduct preserving functors from $\mathcal{T}_\mathcal{V}^\mathsf{op}$, the dual of the Lawvere theory of $\mathcal{V}$, into $\mathcal{C}$: coalgebras are restrictions of left adjoints and any such left adjoint is the left Kan extension of a coalgebra along the embedding of $\mathcal{T}_\mathcal{V}^\mathsf{op}$ into $\mat…
We propose a new model for multicategories with symmetries with respect to Zhang's group operads. The fully faithful embedding of the category of group operads into that of crossed interval groups is made use of, and it is shown that every multicategory gives rise to a fibration, in a sense, over a quotient of the total category of group operads. The symmetric structures can be presented as structures of internal presheaves over a category internal to the category of small categories, in other words a double category.
Normal monomorphisms in the sense of Bourn describe the equivalence classes of an internal equivalence relation. Although the definition is given in the fairly general setting of a category with finite limits, later investigations on this subject often focus on protomodular settings, where normality becomes a property. This paper clarifies the connections between internal equivalence relations and Bourn-normal monomorphisms in regular Mal'tesv categories with pushouts of split monomorphisms along arbitrary morphisms, whereas a full description is achieved for quasi-pointed regular Mal'tsev cat…
Various concerns suggest looking for internal co-categories in categories with strong logical structure. It turns out that in any coherent category, all co-categories are co-equivalence relations.
Inspired by recent work of Batanin and Berger on the homotopy theory of operads, a general monad-theoretic context for speaking about structures within structures is presented, and the problem of constructing the universal ambient structure containing the prescribed internal structure is studied. Following the work of Lack, these universal objects must be constructed from simplicial objects arising from our monad-theoretic framework, as certain 2-categorical colimits called codescent objects. We isolate the extra structure present on these simplicial objects which enable their codescent object…
This paper shows how internal models for polymorphic lambda calculi arise in any 2-category with a notion of discreteness. We generalise to a 2-categorical setting the famous theorem of Peter Freyd saying that there are no sufficiently (co)complete non-degenerate categories. As a simple corollary, we obtain a variant of Freyd theorem for categories internal to any tensored category. Also, with help of introduced concept of an associated category, we prove a representation theorem relating our internal models with well-studied fibrational models for polymorphism.
A partial combinatory algebra (PCA) is a set equipped with a partial binary operation that models a notion of computability. This paper studies a generalization of PCAs, introduced by W. Stekelenburg, where a PCA is not a set but an object in a given regular category. The corresponding class of categories of assemblies is closed both under taking small products and under slicing, which is to be contrasted with the situation for ordinary PCAs. We describe these two constructions explicitly at the level of PCAs, allowing us to compute a number of examples of products and slices of PCAs. Moreover…
In this paper, we show that two constructions form stacks: Firstly, as one varies the $\infty$-topos, $\mathcal{X}$, Lurie's homotopy theory of higher categories internal to $\mathcal{X}$ varies in such a way as to form a stack over the $\infty$-category of all $\infty$-topoi. Secondly, we show that Haugseng's construction of the higher category of iterated spans in a given $\infty$-topos (equipped with local systems) can be used to define various stacks over that $\infty$-topos. As a prerequisite to these results, we discuss properties which limits of $\infty$-categories inherit from the $\in…
A detailed description of internal bicategory in the category of groups is derived from the general description of internal bicategories in weakly Mal'tsev sesquicategories. The example of bicategory of paths in a topological abelian group is presented, as well as a description of internal bicategories in weakly Mal'tsev categories with a $V$-Mal'tsev operation in the sense of Pedicchio.
We study the transfer of (dual) relative Rickart properties via functors between abelian categories, and we deduce the transfer of (dual) relative Baer property. We also give applications to Grothendieck categories, comodule categories and (graded) module categories, with emphasis on endomorphism rings.
The aim of the paper is to describe autocompact objects in Ab5-categories, i.e. objects in cocomplete abelian categories with exactness preserving filtered colimits of exact sequences, whose covariant Hom-functor commutes with copowers of the object itself. A characterization of non-autocompact object is given, a general criterion of autocompactness of an object via the structure of its endomorphism ring is presented and a criterion of autocompactness of products is proven.
We study cocompleteness, co-wellpoweredness and generators in the centralizer category of an object or morphism in a monoidal category, and the center or the weak center of a monoidal category. We explicitly give some answers for when colimits, cocompleteness, co-wellpoweredness and generators in these monoidal categories can be inherited from their base monidal categories. Most importantly, we investigate cofree objects of comonoids in these monoidal categories.
We provide a complete description of the category of pseudo-categories (including pseudo-functors, natural and pseudo-natural transformations and pseudo modifications). A pseudo-category is a non strict version of an internal category. It was called a weak category and weak double category in some earlier papers. When internal to Cat it is at the same time a generalization of a bicategory and a double category.
This is the author's Ph.D. Thesis. It contains results from four years of research into realizability and categorical logic. The main subjects are the axiomatisation of realizable propositions, and a characterization of realizability categories as pseudoinitial objects. Realizability is a collection of techniques in the study of constructive logic. Some forms of realizability induce realizability categories, which are Heyting categories and therefore have a first order intuitionistic logic as internal language. The axiomatisation chapter of the thesis explains how and to what extend we can axi…
This paper determines what structure is needed for internal homs in a monoidal category C to be liftable to the category C^G of Eilenberg-Moore coalgebras for a monoidal comonad G on C. We apply this to lift star-autonomy with the view to recasting the definition of quantum groupoid.
In this paper, we study properties of maps between fibrant objects in model categories. We give a characterization of weak equivalences between fibrant object. If every object of a model category is fibrant, then we give a simple description of a set of generating cofibrations. We show that to construct such model structure it is enough to check some relatively simple conditions.
In this paper, we study the relationship of Gorenstein projective objects among three Abelian categories in a recollement. As an application, we introduce the relation of $n$-Gorenstein tilting modules (and Gorenstein syzygy modules) in three Abelian categories. For a recollement of Abelian categories, we show that a resolving subcategory induce two resolving subcategories. On the other hand, we also prove that two resolving subcategories can induce a resolving subcategory. Moreover, we give the size relationship between the relative global dimensions of three Abelian categories.
We prove a generalisation of the correspondence, due to Resende and Lawson--Lenz, between étale groupoids---which are topological groupoids whose source map is a local homeomorphisms---and complete pseudogroups---which are inverse monoids equipped with a particularly nice representation on a topological space. Our generalisation improves on the existing functorial correspondence in four ways. Firstly, we enlarge the classes of maps appearing to each side. Secondly, we generalise on one side from inverse monoids to inverse categories, and on the other side, from étale groupoids to what we call …
This is a first of a series of two papers. Our motive is to tackle the question raised in Böhm's "The Gray Monoidal Product of Double Categories" from Applied Categorical Structures: which would be an alternative notion to intercategories of Grandis and Paré, so that monoids in Böhm's monoidal category $Dbl$ of strict double categories and double pseudo functors be an example of it? Before addressing this question we observe that although bicategories embed into pseudo double categories, this embedding is not monoidal, with the usual notion of a monoidal pseudo double category. We then prove t…
We show that the category of categories fibred over a site is a generalized Quillen model category in which the weak equivalences are the local equivalences and the fibrant objects are the stacks, as they were defined by J. Giraud. The generalized model category restricts to one on the full subcategory whose objects are the categories fibred in groupoids. We show that the category of sheaves of categories is a model category that is Quillen equivalent to the generalized model category for stacks and to the model category for strong stacks due to A. Joyal and M. Tierney.
