Given a first order dynamical system possessing a commutative algebra of dynamical symmetries, we show that, under certain conditions, there exists a Poisson structure on an open neighbourhood of its regular (not necessarily compact) invariant manifold which makes this dynamical system into a partially integrable Hamiltonian system. This Poisson structure is by no means unique. Bi-Hamiltonian partially integrable systems are described in some detail. As an outcome, we state the conditions of quasi-periodic stability (the KAM theorem) for partially integrable Hamiltonian systems.
Written with respect to an appropriate Poisson structure, a partially integrable Hamiltonian system is viewed as a completely integrable system with parameters. Then, the theorem on quasi-periodic stability in Ref. [1] (the KAM theorem) can be applied to this system.
We show that Jacobi fields of a completely integrable Hamiltonian system of m degrees of freedom also make up a completely integrable system. They provide m additional first integrals which characterize a relative motion.
A time-dependent completely integrable Hamiltonian system is proved to admit the action-angle coordinates around any regular instantly compact invariant manifold. Written relative to these coordinates, its Hamiltonian and first integrals are functions only of action coordinates.
By application of the coinduction method as well as Magri method to the ideal of real Hilbert-Schmidt operators we construct the hierarchies of integrable Hamiltonian systems on the Banach Lie-Poisson spaces which consist of these type of operators. We also discuss their algebraic and analytic properties as well as solve them in dimensions N=2,3,4.
The classical Arnold-Liouville theorem describes the geometry of an integrable Hamiltonian system near a regular level set of the moment map. Our results describe it near a nondegenerate singular level set: a tubular neighborhood of a connected singular nondegenerate level set, after a normal finite covering, admits a non-complete system of action-angle functions (the number of action functions is equal to the rank of the moment map), and it can be decomposed topologically, together with the associated singular Lagrangian foliation, to a direct product of simplest (codimension 1 and codimensio…
Integrable Hamiltonian systems on almost-symplectic manifolds have recently drawn some attention. Under suitable properties, they have a structure analogous to those of standard symplectic-Hamiltonian completely integrable systems. Here we study small Hamiltonian perturbations of these systems. Preliminarily, we investigate some general properties of these systems. In particular, we show that if the perturbation is `strongly Hamiltonian' (namely, its Hamiltonian vector field is also a symmetry of the almost-Hamiltonian structure) then the system reduces, under an almost-symplectic version of s…
Completely integrable Hamiltonian systems look promising for controllability since their first integrals are stable under an internal evolution, and one may hope to find a perturbation of a Hamiltonian which drives the first integrals at will. Action-angle coordinates are most convenient for this purpose. Written with respect to these coordinates, a Hamiltonian and first integrals depend only on the action ones. We introduce a suitable perturbation of a Hamiltonian by a term containing time-dependent parameters so that an evolution of action variables is nothing else than a displacement along …
In this article, we improve previous results on exponential stability for analytic and Gevrey perturbations of quasi-convex integrable Hamiltonian systems. In particular, this provides a sharper upper bound on the speed of Arnold diffusion which we believe to be optimal.
In this article, we improve previous results on exponential stability for analytic and Gevrey perturbations of quasi-convex integrable Hamiltonian systems. In particular, this provides a sharper upper bound on the speed of Arnold diffusion which we believe to be optimal.
We obtain a global version of the Hamiltonian KAM theorem for invariant Lagrangean tori by glueing together local KAM conjugacies with help of a partition of unity. In this way we find a global Whitney smooth conjugacy between a nearly-integrable system and an integrable one. This leads to preservation of geometry, which allows us to define all the nontrivial geometric invariants like monodromy or Chern classes of an integrable system also for near integrable systems.
The aim of this note is to prove a result of effective stability for a non-autonomous perturbation of an integrable Hamiltonian system, provided that the perturbation depends slowly on time. Then we use this result to clarify and extend a stability result of Giorgilli and Zehnder for a mechanical system with an arbitrary time-dependent potential.
In a previous work, David Vicente gave a formula showing that the wave front issued of a point of the unit disk hasa large time linear asymptotics. In the present paper, we extend the result to intgrable 2D Hamiltoniansystems.
Given any symplectomorphism on $D^{2n} (n\geq 1)$ which is $C^{\infty}$ close to the identity, and any completely integrable Hamiltonian system $Φ^t_H$ in the proper dimension, we construct a $C^{\infty}$ perturbation of $H$ such that the resulting Hamiltonian flow contains a "local Poincaré section" that "realizes" the symplectomorphism. As a (motivating) application, we show that there are arbitrarily small perturbations of any completely integrable Hamiltonian system which are entropy non-expansive (and, in particular, exhibit hyperbolic behavior on a set of positive measure).
In this paper we show that, if an integrable Hamiltonian system admits a nondegenerate hyperbolic singularity then it will satisfy the Kolmogorov condegeneracy condition near that singularity (under a mild additional condition, which is trivial if the singularity contains a fixed point)
Let $Σ$ be a compact surface equipped with an area form. There is an long standing open question by Katok, which, in particular, asks whether every entropy-zero Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of a surface lies in the $C^0$-closure of the set of integrable diffeomorphisms. A natural generalization of this question is to ask to what extent one family of `simple' Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of $Σ$ can be approximated by the other. In this paper we show that the set of autonomous Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms is not Hofer-dense in the set of integrable Hamiltonians. We construct explicit examples of int…
The main purpose of this paper is to give a topological and symplectic classification of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems in terms of characteristic classes and other local and global invariants.
In this paper we present a-posteriori KAM results for existence of $d$-dimensional isotropic invariant tori for $n$-DOF Hamiltonian systems with additional $n-d$ independent first integrals in involution. We carry out a covariant formulation that does not require the use of action-angle variables nor symplectic reduction techniques. The main advantage is that we overcome the curse of dimensionality avoiding the practical shortcomings produced by the use of reduced coordinates, which may cause difficulties and underperformance when quantifying the hypotheses of the KAM theorem in such reduced c…
In this article we investigate rigidity properties of integrable area-preserving twist maps of the cylinder. More specifically, we prove that if a deformation of the standard integrable map preserves rotational invariant circles (i.e., homotopically non-trivial invariant curves of the cylinder on which the dynamics is conjugate to a rotation) for any rational rotation number in an open interval (without any further assumption on its size), then the deformation must be trivial. Analogue phenomena for integrable Tonelli Hamiltonian flows in higher dimensions are discussed.
This small note has been withdrawn by the author. The main result of the note, with a corrected proof written in collaboration with a collegue, will be part of a joint work.
We consider the problem of Arnold's diffusion for nearly integrable isochronous Hamiltonian systems. We prove a shadowing theorem which improves the known estimates for the diffusion time. We also justify for three time scales systems that the splitting of the separatrices is correctly predicted by the Poincare'-Melnikov function.
In this paper, we prove that the net of transition chain is $δ$-dense for nearly integrable positive definite Hamiltonian systems with 3 degrees of freedom in the cusp-residual generic sense in $C^r$-topology, $r\ge 6$. The main ingredients of the proof existed in \cite{CZ,C17a,C17b}. As an immediate consequence, Arnold diffusion exists among this class of Hamiltonian systems. The question of \cite{C17c} is answered in Section 9 of the paper.
In this paper, Arnold diffusion is proved to be generic phenomenon in nearly integrable convex Hamiltonian systems with three degrees of freedom: $$ H(x,y)=h(y)+εP(x,y), \qquad x\in\mathbb{T}^3,\ y\in\mathbb{R}^3. $$ Under typical perturbation $εP$, the system admits "connecting" orbit that passes through any two prescribed small balls in the same energy level $H^{-1}(E)$ provided $E$ is bigger than the minimum of the average action, namely, $E>\minα$.
This paper is an announcement of a result followed with explanations of some ideas behind. The proofs will appear elsewhere. Our goal is to construct a Hamiltonian perturbation of any completely integrable Hamiltonian system with $2n$ degrees of freedom ($n\geq 2$). The perturbation is $C^{\infty}$ small but the resulting flow has positive metric entropy and it satisfies KAM non-degeneracy conditions. The key point is that positive entropy can be generated in an arbitrarily small tubular neighborhood of one trajectory.
In this paper we compute the Reidemeister torsion of a isoenergetic surface for the integrable Hamiltonian system on the four-dimensional symplectic manifold. We use the spectral sequence defined by the filtration and following Witten-Floer ideas we bring into play the orbits connecting the critical submanifolds.
We consider the problem of Arnold's diffusion for nearly integrable isochronous Hamiltonian systems. We prove a shadowing theorem which improves the known estimates for the diffusion time. We also develop a new method for measuring the splitting of the separatrices. As an application we justify, for three time scales systems, that the splitting is correctly predicted by the Poincaré-Melnikov function.
This paper demonstrates sufficient conditions for the existence of KAM tori in a singly thermostated, integrable hamiltonian system with $n$ degrees of freedom with a focus on the generalized, variable-mass thermostats of order 2--which include the Nosé thermostat, the logistic thermostat of Tapias, Bravetti and Sanders, and the Winkler thermostat. It extends Theorem 3.2 of Legoll, Luskin & Moeckel, (Non-ergodicity of Nosé-Hoover dynamics, Nonlinearity, 22 (2009), pp. 1673--1694) to prove that a "typical" singly thermostated, integrable, real-analytic hamiltonian possesses a positive-measure s…
This is an expanded version of the lecture notes for a minicourse that I gave at a summer school called "Advanced Course on Geometry and Dynamics of Integrable Systems" at CRM Barcelona, 9--14/September/2013. In this text we study the following aspects of integrable non-Hamiltonian systems: local and semi-local normal forms and associated torus actions for integrable systems, and the geometry of integrable systems of type $(n,0)$. Most of the results presented in this text are very recent, and some theorems in this text are even original in the sense that they have not been written down explic…
The aim of this paper is to extend the results of Giorgilli and Zehnder for aperiodic time dependent systems to a case of general nearly-integrable convex analytic Hamiltonians. The existence of a normal form and then a stability result are shown in the case of a slow aperiodic time dependence that, under some smallness conditions, is independent on the size of the perturbation.
For integrable Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom whose Hamiltonian vector fields have incomplete flows, an analogue of the Liouville theorem is established. A canonical Liouville fibration is defined by means of an "exact" 2-parameter family of flat polygons equipped with certain pairing of sides. For the integrable Hamiltonian systems given by the vector field $v=(-\partial f/\partial w, \partial f/\partial z)$ on ${\mathbb C}^2$ where $f=f(z,w)$ is a complex polynomial in 2 variables, geometric properties of Liouville fibrations are described.
It is very well known that periodic orbits of autonomous Hamiltonian systems are generically organized into smooth one-parameter families (the parameter being just the energy value). We present a simple example of an integrable Hamiltonian system (with an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom greater than one) with a unique periodic orbit in the phase space (which is not compact). Similar examples are given for Hamiltonian systems with a unique invariant torus (of any prescribed dimension) carrying conditionally periodic motions. Parallel examples for Hamiltonian systems with a compact phase …
The aim of this paper is to prove a Kolmogorov-type result for a nearly-integrable Hamiltonian, quadratic in the actions, with an aperiodic time dependence. The existence of a torus with a prefixed Diophantine frequency is shown in the forced system, provided that the perturbation is real-analytic and (exponentially) decaying with time. The advantage consists of the possibility to choose an arbitrarily small decaying coefficient, consistently with the perturbation size.
This paper shows that the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy of equations (a well-known integrable discretization of the Non-linear Schrodinger system) can be explicitly viewed as a hierarchy of commuting flows which: (a) are Hamiltonian with respect to both a standard, local Poisson operator J and a new non-local, skew, almost Poisson operator K, on the appropriate space; (b) can be recursively generated from a recursion operator R (obtained by composing K and the inverse of J.) In addition, the proof of these facts relies upon two new pivotal resolvent identities which suggest a general method for unc…
In this paper, we will prove a very general result of stability for perturbations of linear integrable Hamiltonian systems, and we will construct an example of instability showing that both our result and our example are optimal. Moreover, in the same spirit as the notion of KAM stable integrable Hamiltonians, we will introduce a notion of effectively stable integrable Hamiltonians, conjecture a characterization of these Hamiltonians and show that our result prove this conjecture in the linear case.
This paper explains the recent developments on the symplectic theory of Hamiltonian completely integrable systems on symplectic 4-manifolds, compact or not. One fundamental ingredient of these developments has been the understanding of singular affine structures. These developments make use of results obtained by many authors in the second half of the twentieth century, notably Arnold, Duistermaat and Eliasson, of which we also give a concise survey. As a motivation, we present a collection of remarkable results proven in the early and mid 1980s in the theory of Hamiltonian Lie group actions b…
We consider an integrable Hamiltonian system with n-degrees of freedom whose first integrals are invariant under the symplectic action of a compact Lie group G. We prove that the singular Lagrangian foliation associated to this Hamiltonian system is symplectically equivalent, in a G-equivariant way, to the linearized foliation in a neighborhood of a compact singular non-degenerate orbit. We also show that the non-degeneracy condition is not equivalent to the non-resonance condition for smooth systems.
In this paper Arnold diffusion is proved to be a generic phenomenon in nearly integrable convex Hamiltonian systems with arbitrarily many degrees of freedom: $$ H(x,y)=h(y)+\eps P(x,y), \qquad x\in\mathbb{T}^n,\ y\in\mathbb{R}^n,\quad n\geq 3. $$ Under typical perturbation $\eps P$, the system admits "connecting" orbit that passes through any finitely many prescribed small balls in the same energy level $H^{-1}(E)$ provided $E>\min h$.
Steepness is a geometric property which, together with complex-analyticity, is needed in order to insure stability of a near-integrable hamiltonian system over exponentially long times. Following a strategy developed by Nekhoro-shev, we construct sufficient algebraic conditions for steepness for a given function that involve algebraic equations on its derivatives up to order five. The underlying analysis suggests some interesting considerations on the gener-icity of steepness and represents a first step towards the construction of sufficient conditions for steepness involving the derivatives o…
In this paper we are concerned with the existence of invariant tori in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems \begin{equation*} H=h(y)+f(x,y,t), \end{equation*} where $y\in D\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n$ with $D$ being a closed bounded domain, $x\in \mathbb{T}^n$, $f(x,y,t)$ is a real analytic almost periodic function in $t$ with the frequency ${ω}=(\cdots,{ω}_λ,\cdots)_{λ\in \mathbb{Z}}\in \mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{Z}}$. As an application, we will prove the existence of almost periodic solutions and the boundedness of all solutions for the second order differential equations with superquadratic potentials …
We consider a nearly integrable, non-isochronous, a-priori unstable Hamiltonian system with a (trigonometric polynomial) $O(μ)$-perturbation which does not preserve the unperturbed tori. We prove the existence of Arnold diffusion with diffusion time $T_d = O((1/ μ) \log (1/ μ))$ by a variational method which does not require the existence of ``transition chains of tori'' provided by KAM theory. We also prove that our estimate of the diffusion time $T_d$ is optimal as a consequence of a general stability result proved via classical perturbation theory.
We show that, in general, averaging at simple resonances a real--analytic, nearly--integrable Hamiltonian, one obtains a one--dimensional system with a cosine--like potential; ``in general'' means for a generic class of holomorphic perturbations and apart from a finite number of simple resonances with small Fourier modes; ``cosine--like'' means that the potential depends only on the resonant angle, with respect to which it is a Morse function with one maximum and one minimum. \\ Furthermore, the (full) transformed Hamiltonian is the sum of an effective one--dimen\-sio\-nal Hamiltonian (which i…
The paper deals with the problem of the existence of a normal form for a nearly-integrable real-analytic Hamiltonian with aperiodically time-dependent perturbation decaying (slowly) in time. In particular, in the case of an isochronous integrable part, the system can be cast in an exact normal form, regardless of the properties of the frequency vector. The general case is treated by a suitable adaptation of the finite order normalization techniques usually used for Nekhoroshev arguments. The key point is that the so called "geometric part" is not necessary in this case. As a consequence, no hy…
In this note, we consider the dynamics associated to an epsilon-perturbation of an integrable Hamiltonian system in action-angle coordinates in any number of degrees of freedom and we prove the following result of "micro-diffusion": under generic assumptions on h and f , there exists an orbit of the system for which the drift of its action variables is at least of order square root of epsilon, after a time of order the inverse of square root of epsilon. The assumptions, which are essentially minimal, are that there exists a resonant point for h and that the corresponding averaged perturbation …
In this paper we consider general nearly integrable analytic Hamiltonian systems of one and a half degrees of freedom which are a trigonometric polynomial in the angular state variable. In the resonances of these systems generically appear hyperbolic periodic orbits. We study the possible transversal intersections of their invariant manifolds, which is exponentially small, and we give an asymptotic formula for the measure of the splitting. We see that its asymptotic first order is of the form $K \varepsilon^β \text{e}^{-a/\varepsilon}$ and we identify the constants $K,β,a$ in terms of the syst…
Near-integrability is usually associated with smooth small perturbations of smooth integrable systems. Studying integrable mechanical Hamiltonian flows with impacts that respect the symmetries of the integrable structure provides an additional rich class of non-smooth systems that can be analyzed. Such systems exhibit rich dynamics, as, in addition to the underlying integrable structure, some of the trajectories may undergo only transverse impact, others may undergo also tangential impacts, and some trajectories do not impact at all. Under perturbations, each of these classes of orbits behaves…
We report on transcritical bifurcations of periodic orbits in non-integrable two-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. We discuss their existence criteria and some of their properties using a recent mathematical description of transcritical bifurcations in families of symplectic maps. We then present numerical examples of transcritical bifurcations in a class of generalized Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonians and illustrate their stabilities and unfoldings under various perturbations of the Hamiltonians. We demonstrate that for Hamiltonians containing straight-line librating orbits, the transcritical bifurca…
In the present paper, we consider a smooth $C^\infty$ symplectic classification of Lagrangian fibrations near cusp singularities, parabolic orbits and cuspidal tori. We show that for these singularities as well as for an arrangement of singularities known as a flap, which arises in the integrable subcritical Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation, the action variables form a complete set of $C^\infty$ symplectic invariants. We also give a symplectic classification for parabolic orbits in the real-analytic case. Namely, we prove that a complete symplectic invariant in this case is given by a real-analyti…
