We obtain a global version of the Hamiltonian KAM theorem for invariant Lagrangean tori by glueing together local KAM conjugacies with help of a partition of unity. In this way we find a global Whitney smooth conjugacy between a nearly-integrable system and an integrable one. This leads to preservation of geometry, which allows us to define all the nontrivial geometric invariants like monodromy or Chern classes of an integrable system also for near integrable systems.
This paper is concerned with the stickiness of invariant tori obtained by KAM technics (so-called KAM tori) for higher dimensional beam equation. We prove that the KAM tori are sticky, i.e. the solutions starting in the $δ$-neighborhood of KAM torus still stay close to the KAM torus for a polynomial long time such as $|t|\leq δ^{-\mathcal{M}}$ with any $\mathcal{M}\geq 0$, by constructing a partial normal form of higher order, which satisfies $p$-tame property, around the KAM torus.
In this paper we develop some new KAM-technique to prove two general KAM theorems for nearly integrable hamiltonian systems without assuming any non-degeneracy condition. Many of KAM-type results (including the classical KAM theorem) are special cases of our theorems under some non-degeneracy condition and some smoothness condition. Moreover, we can obtain some interesting results about KAM tori with prescribed frequencies.
It is proved that the KAM tori (thus quasi-periodic solutions) are long time stable for infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems generated by nonlinear wave equation, by constructing a partial normal form of higher order around the KAM torus and showing $p$-tame property persists under KAM iterative procedure and normal form iterative procedure.
When a Gevrey smooth perturbation is applied to a quasi-convex integrable Hamiltonian, it is known that the KAM invariant tori that survive are sticky, that is, doubly exponentially stable. We show by examples the optimality of this effective stability.
A conjecture of Arnold, Kozlov and Neishtadt on the exponentially small measure of the non-torus set in analytic systems with two degrees of freedom is discussed.
In this paper, we establish a KAM-theorem for ordinary differential equations with finitely differentiable vector fields and multiple degeneracies. The theorem can be used to deal with the persistence of quasi-periodic invariant tori in multiple Hopf and zero-multiple Hopf bifurcations, as well as their subordinate bifurcations, of equilibrium points of continuous dynamical systems.
In this paper, it is proved that the full dimensional invariant tori obtained by Bourgain [J. Funct. Anal., \textbf{229} (2005), no. 1, 62-94.] is stable in a very long time for 1D nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic boundary conditions.
From KAM Theory it follows that the measure of phase points which do not lie on Diophantine, Lagrangian, "primary" tori in a nearly--integrable, real--analytic Hamiltonian system is $O(\sqrt{\varepsilon})$, if $\varepsilon$ is the size of the perturbation. In this paper we discuss how the constant in front of $\sqrt{\varepsilon}$ depends on the unperturbed system and in particular on the phase--space domain.
A generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (gBBM) equation subject to the periodic boundary condition is studied in this paper. Based on a new infinite dimensional Kolomogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theorem with normal frequencies of finite limit-points, it is shown that the gBBM equation admits plenty of time-quasi-periodic solutions with two frequencies of high modes.
We study the accumulation of an elliptic fixed point of a real analytic Hamiltonian by quasi-periodic invariant tori. We show that a fixed point with Diophantine frequency vector $ø_0$ is always accumulated by invariant complex analytic KAM-tori. Indeed, the following alternative holds: If the Birkhoff normal form of the Hamiltonian at the invariant point satisfies a Rüssmann transversality condition, the fixed point is accumulated by real analytic KAM-tori which cover positive Lebesgue measure in the phase space (in this part it suffices to assume that $ø_0$ has rationally independent coordin…
In this paper, we prove the Melnikov's persistency theorem by combining the traditional Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) technique and the Craig-Wayne-Bourgain (CWB) method. The aim of this paper is twofold. One is to establish the linear stability of the perturbed invariant tori by using the CWB method without the second Melnikov condition. The other one is to illustrate the CWB method in detail and make the CWB method more accessible.
The purpose of this brief note is twofold. First, we summarize in a very concise form the principal information on Whitney smooth families of quasi-periodic invariant tori in various contexts of KAM theory. Our second goal is to attract (via an informal discussion and a simple example) the experts' attention to the peculiarities of the so-called excitation of elliptic normal modes in the reversible context 2.
In this short note, we prove that a quasi-periodic torus, with a non-resonant frequency (that can be Diophantine or Liouville) and which is invariant by a sufficiently regular Hamiltonian flow, is KAM stable provided it is Kolmogorov non-degenerate. When the Hamiltonian is smooth (respectively Gevrey-smooth, respectively real-analytic), the in-variant tori are smooth (respectively Gevrey-smooth, respectively real-analytic). This answers a question raised in a recent work by Eliasson, Fayad and Krikorian ([EFK]). We also take the opportunity to ask other questions concerning the stability of no…
We prove a general theorem on the persistence of Whitney infinitely smooth families of invariant tori in the reversible context 2 of KAM theory. This context refers to the situation where dim Fix G < (codim T)/2 where Fix G is the fixed point manifold of the reversing involution G and T is the invariant torus in question. Our result is obtained as a corollary of the theorem by H.W.Broer, M.-C.Ciocci, H.Hanssmann, and A.Vanderbauwhede of 2009 concerning quasi-periodic stability of invariant tori with singular "normal" matrices in reversible systems.
Consider a sufficiently smooth nearly integrable Hamiltonian system of two and a half degrees of freedom in action-angle coordinates \[ H_ε(φ,I,t)=H_0(I)+εH_1(φ,I,t), φ\in T^2,\ I\in U\subset R^2,\ t\in T=R/Z. \] Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser Theorem asserts that a set of nearly full measure in phase space consists of three dimensional invariant tori carrying quasiperiodic dynamics. In this paper we prove that for a class of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems there is an orbit which contains these KAM tori in its $ω$-limit set. This implies that the closure of the orbit has almost full measure in…
A method via the KAM technique is introduced to study the existence of invariant tori and quasiperiodic solutions for impulsive Duffing-type equations with time period 1. Basing on several planar symplectic homeomorphisms and some estimates of impulsive perturbations under each symplectic homeomorphisms, we prove via the Moser's twist theorem the boundedness (Lagrange stability) and the existence of an invariant circle for the equation with area-preserving impulsive terms. And this invariant circle having any rotation number $ω>ω_0$ with some $ω_0>0$, so we obtain also that the solutions start…
Consider an integer $n \geq 2$ and real numbers $τ>n-1$ and $l>2(τ+1)$. Using ideas of Moser, Salamon proved that individual Diophantine tori persist for Hamiltonian systems which are of class $C^l$. Under the stronger assumption that the system is a $C^{l+τ}$ perturbation of an analytic integrable system, P{ö}schel proved the persistence of a set of positive measure of Diophantine tori. We improve the last result by showing it is sufficient for the perturbation to be of class $C^{l}$ and the integrable part to be of class $C^{l+2}$.
We show that an analytic invariant torus $\cT_0$ with Diophantine frequency $ø_0$ is never isolated due to the following alternative. If the Birkhoff normal form of the Hamiltonian at $\cT_0$ satisfies a Rüssmann transversality condition, the torus $\cT_0$ is accumulated by KAM tori of positive total measure. If the Birkhoff normal form is degenerate, there exists a subvariety of dimension at least $d+1$ that is foliated by analytic invariant tori with frequency $ø_0$. For frequency vectors $ø_0$ having a finite uniform Diophantine exponent (this includes a residual set of Liouville vectors), …
In this paper, we investigate the existence of KAM tori for an infinite dimensional Hamiltonian system with finite number of zero normal frequencies. By constructing a constant quantity we show that, for "most" frequencies in the sense of Lebesgue measure, either if the quantity is zero, there is a KAM tori or if the quantity is not zero, there is no KAM tori in some domain. As application, we show that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a zero frequency possesses many quasi-periodic solutions.
We consider the persistence of smooth families of invariant tori in the reversible context 2 of KAM theory under various weak nondegeneracy conditions via Herman's method. The reversible KAM context 2 refers to the situation where the dimension of the fixed point manifold of the reversing involution is less than half the codimension of the invariant torus in question. The nondegeneracy conditions we employ ensure the preservation of any prescribed subsets of the frequencies of the unperturbed tori and of their Floquet exponents (the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix of the variational equa…
The reversible context 2 in KAM theory refers to the situation where dim Fix G < (1/2) codim T, here Fix G is the fixed point manifold of the reversing involution G and T is the invariant torus one deals with. Up to now, the persistence of invariant tori in the reversible context 2 has been only explored in the extreme particular case where dim Fix G = 0 [M. B. Sevryuk, Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 16 (2011), no. 1-2, 24-38]. We obtain a KAM-type result for the reversible context 2 in the general situation where the dimension of Fix G is arbitrary. As in the case where dim Fix G = 0, the main technical…
Introduce several KAM theorems for infinite dimensional Hamiltonian with short range and discuss the relationship between spectra of linearized operator and invariant tori. Especially, introduce a KAM theorem in the paper(Cummun. Math. Phys. 226, 61-100 (2002)) which shows that there are rich KAM tori for a class of Hamiltonian with short range and with linearized operator of pure point spectra. Here are also presented several open problems.
Eliasson and Kuksin developed a KAM approach to study the persistence of the invariant tori for nonlinear Schrödinger equation on $\mathbb{T}^{d}$. In this note, we improve Eliasson and Kuksin's KAM theorem by using Kolmogorov's iterative scheme and obtain a local normal form for the transformed Hamiltonian. As a consequence, we are able to derive the time $δ^{-1}$ stability of the obtained KAM tori.
In [3] (Rend. Lincei Mat. Appl. 26 (2015), 1-10; see also arXiv:1503.08145 [math.DS]) the following result has been announced: Theorem. Consider a real-analytic nearly-integrable mechanical system with potential $f$, namely, a Hamiltonian system with real-analytic Hamiltonian $$H(y,x)=\frac12 \sum_{i=1}^n y_i^2 +εf(x)\ ,$$ $(y,x)\in{\mathbb R}^n\times{\mathbb T}^n$ being standard action--angle variables. For "general non-degenerate" potentials $f$'s there exists $ε_0,a>0$ such that, if $0<ε<ε_0$, then the Liouville measure of the complementary of $H$-invariant tori is smaller than $ε|\log ε|^a…
We present a KAM theorem for presymplectic dynamical systems. The theorem has a " a posteriori " format. We show that given a Diophantine frequency $ω$ and a family of presymplectic mappings, if we find an embedded torus which is approximately invariant with rotation $ω$ such that the torus and the family of mappings satisfy some explicit non-degeneracy condition, then we can find an embedded torus and a value of the parameter close to to the original ones so that the torus is invariant under the map associated to the value of the parameter. Furthermore, we show that the dimension of the param…
We study the planetary system of $\upsilon$~Andromedæ, considering the three-body problem formed by the central star and the two largest planets, $\upsilon$~And~\emph{c} and $\upsilon$~And~\emph{d}. We adopt a secular, three-dimensional model and initial conditions within the range of the observed values. The numerical integrations highlight that the system is orbiting around a one-dimensional elliptic torus (i.e., a periodic orbit that is linearly stable). This invariant object is used as a seed for an algorithm based on a sequence of canonical transformations. The algorithm determines the no…
In this paper we present a-posteriori KAM results for existence of $d$-dimensional isotropic invariant tori for $n$-DOF Hamiltonian systems with additional $n-d$ independent first integrals in involution. We carry out a covariant formulation that does not require the use of action-angle variables nor symplectic reduction techniques. The main advantage is that we overcome the curse of dimensionality avoiding the practical shortcomings produced by the use of reduced coordinates, which may cause difficulties and underperformance when quantifying the hypotheses of the KAM theorem in such reduced c…
We consider Gevrey perturbations $H$ of a completely integrable Gevrey Hamiltonian $H_0$. Given a Cantor set $Ω_κ$ defined by a Diophantine condition, we find a family of KAM invariant tori of $H$ with frequencies $ω\in Ω_κ$ which is Gevrey smooth in a Whitney sense. Moreover, we obtain a symplectic Gevrey normal form of the Hamiltonian in a neighborhood of the union $Λ$ of the invariant tori. This leads to effective stability of the quasiperiodic motion near $Λ$.
Non-autonomous KAM theory for lower dimensional invariant tori (II): Normally parabolic case
Universitat de Barcelona（巴塞罗那大学）；Centre de Mathématiques Laurent Schwartz (CMLS), CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris（巴黎综合理工学院中央数学实验室）
In this paper we prove the persistence of space periodic multi-solitons of arbitrary size under any quasi-linear Hamiltonian perturbation, which is smooth and sufficiently small. This answers positively a longstanding question whether KAM techniques can be further developed to prove the existence of quasi-periodic solutions of arbitrary size of strongly nonlinear perturbations of integrable PDEs.
This paper demonstrates sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive measure set of invariant KAM tori in a singly thermostated, 1 degree-of-freedom hamiltonian vector field. This result is applied to 4 important single thermostats in the literature and it is shown that in each case, if the hamiltonian is real-analytic and well-behaved, then the thermostated system always has a positive measure set of invariant KAM tori for sufficiently weak coupling and high temperature. This extends results of Legoll, Luskin & Moeckel.
We investigate the existence of whiskered tori in some dissipative systems, called \sl conformally symplectic \rm systems, having the property that they transform the symplectic form into a multiple of itself. We consider a family $f_μ$ of conformally symplectic maps which depend on a drift parameter $μ$. We fix a Diophantine frequency of the torus and we assume to have a drift $μ_0$ and an embedding of the torus $K_0$, which satisfy approximately the invariance equation $f_{μ_0} \circ K_0 - K_0 \circ T_ω$ (where $T_ω$ denotes the shift by $ω$). We also assume to have a splitting of the tangen…
We apply the general normal form theorems in Kolmogorov spaces to three classical cases: deformations of hypersurface singularities, normal forms of vector fields and invariant tori in Hamiltonian systems.
We discuss a Nash-Moser/ KAM algorithm for the construction of invariant tori for {\em tame} vector fields. Similar algorithms have been studied widely both in finite and infinite dimensional contexts: we are particularly interested in the second case where tameness properties of the vector fields become very important. We focus on the formal aspects of the algorithm and particularly on the minimal hypotheses needed for convergence. We discuss various applications where we show how our algorithm allows to reduce to solving only linear forced equations. We remark that our algorithm works at the…
In this paper we present and illustrate a general methodology to apply KAM theory in particular problems, based on an {\em a posteriori} approach. We focus on the existence of real-analytic quasi-periodic Lagrangian invariant tori for symplectic maps. The purpose is to verify the hypotheses of a KAM theorem in an a posteriori format: given a parameterization of an approximately invariant torus, we have to check non-resonance (Diophantine) conditions, non-degeneracy conditions and certain inequalities to hold. To check such inequalities we require to control the analytic norm of some functions …
Motivated by the Lagrange top coupled to an oscillator, we consider the quasi-periodic Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation. To this end, we develop the normal linear stability theory of an invariant torus with a generic (i.e., non-semisimple) normal $1:-1$ resonance. This theory guarantees the persistence of the invariant torus in the Diophantine case and makes possible a further quasi-periodic normal form, necessary for investigation of the non-linear dynamics. As a consequence, we find Cantor families of invariant isotropic tori of all dimensions suggested by the integrable approximation.
Written with respect to an appropriate Poisson structure, a partially integrable Hamiltonian system is viewed as a completely integrable system with parameters. Then, the theorem on quasi-periodic stability in Ref. [1] (the KAM theorem) can be applied to this system.
What kinds of motion can occur in classical mechanics? We address this question by looking at the structures traced out by trajectories in phase space; the most orderely, completely integrable systems, are charactrized by phase trajectories confined to low-dimensional, invariant tori. The KAM theory examines what happens to the tori when an integrable system is subjected to a small perturbation and finds that, for small enough perturbations, most of them survive. The KAM theory is mute on the suject of the disrupted tori, but, for two dimensional systems, Aubry and Mather discovered an astonis…
It is widespread since the beginning of KAM Theory that, under "sufficiently small" perturbation, of size $ε$, apart a set of measure $O(\sqrtε)$, all the KAM Tori of a non-degenerate integrable Hamiltonian system persist up to a small deformation. However, no explicit, self-contained proof of this fact exists so far. In the present Thesis, we give a detailed proof of how to get rid of a logarithmic correction (due to a Fourier cut-off) in Arnold's scheme and then use it to prove an explicit and "sharp" Theorem of integrability on Cantor-type set. In particular, we give an explicit proof of th…
The celebrated KAM Theory says that if one makes a small perturbation of a non-degenerate completely integrable system, we still see a huge measure of invariant tori with quasi-periodic dynamics in the perturbed system. These invariant tori are known as KAM tori. What happens outside KAM tori draws a lot of attention. In this paper we present a Lagrangian perturbation of the geodesic flow on a flat 3-torus. The perturbation is $C^\infty$ small but the flow has a positive measure of trajectories with positive Lyapunov exponent, namely, the flow has positive metric entropy. From this result we g…
In this paper, we prove the existence of full dimensional invariant tori for a non-autonomous, almost-periodically forced nonlinear beam equation with a periodic boundary condition via KAM theory.
Although quantum tunneling between phase space tori occurs, it is suppressed in the semiclassical limit $\hbar\searrow 0$ for the Schrödinger equation of a particle in $\bR^d$ under the influence of a smooth periodic potential. In particular this implies that the distribution of quantum group velocities near energy $E$ converges to the distribution of the classical asymptotic velocities near $E$, up to a term of the order $\cO(1/\sqrt{E})$.
Consider a real--analytic nearly--integrable mechanical system with potential $f$, namely, a Hamiltonian system, having a real-analytic Hamiltonian $$ H(y,x)=\frac12 | y |^2 +\e f(x)\ , $$ $y,x$ being $n$--dimensional standard action--angle variables (and $|\cdot|$ the Euclidean norm). Then, for "general" potentials $f$'s and $\e$ small enough, the Liouville measure of the complementary of invariant tori is smaller than $\e|\ln \e|^a$ (for a suitable $a>0$).
This paper continues the discussion started in [CK19] concerning Arnold's legacy on classical KAM theory and (some of) its modern developments. We prove a detailed and explicit `global' Arnold's KAM Theorem, which yields, in particular, the Whitney conjugacy of a non-degenerate, real-analytic, nearly-integrable Hamiltonian system to an integrable system on a closed, nowhere dense, positive measure subset of the phase space. Detailed measure estimates on the Kolmogorov's set are provided in the case the phase space is: (A) a uniform neighborhood of an arbitrary (bounded) set times the d-torus a…
We construct time quasi-periodic vortex patch solutions with one hole for the planar Euler equations. These structures are captured close to any annulus provided that its modulus belongs to a massive Borel set. The proof is based on Nash-Moser scheme and KAM theory applied with a Hamiltonian system governing the radial deformations of the patch. Compared to the scalar case, some technical issues emerge due to the interaction between the interfaces. One of them is related to a new small divisor problem in the second order Melnikov non-resonances condition coming from the transport equations adv…
