We consider real spaces only.
Definition. An operator $T:X\to Y$ between Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ is called a Hahn-Banach operator if for every isometric embedding of the space $X$ into a Banach space $Z$ there exists a norm-preserving extension $\tilde T$ of $T$ to $Z$.
A geometric property of Hahn-Banach operators of finite rank acting between finite-dimensional normed spaces is found. This property is used to characterize pairs of finite-dimensional normed spaces $(X,Y)$ such that there exists a Hahn-Banach operator $T:X\to Y$ of rank $k$. The latter result is a generalization of a recent result due to B.L. Chalmers and B. Shekhtman.
The notion of linear Hahn-Banach extension operator was first studied in detail by Heinrich and Mankiewicz (1982). Previously, J. Lindenstrauss (1966) studied similar versions of this notion in the context of non separable reflexive Banach spaces. Subsequently, Sims and Yost (1989) proved the existence of linear Hahn-Banach extension operators via interspersing subspaces in a purely Banach space theoretic set up. In this paper, we study similar questions in the context of Banach modules and module homomorphisms, in particular, Banach algebras of operators on Banach spaces. Based on Dales, Kani…
In this paper we introduce the notion of D-valued 2-norm on hy- perbolic or D-valued modules. Further, we define D-linear 2-functional on these modules and consider some of their properties. We also establish the Hahn- Banach type extension theorem for D-linear 2-functionals.
Let $X$ and $E$ be $f$-algebras and $p:X \to E_+$ be a monotone vector norm. Then the triple $(X,p,E)$ is called a lattice-normed $f$-algebraic space. In this paper, we show a generalization of the extension of the Hahn-Banach theorem for operators on the lattice-normed $f$-algebras, in which the extension of one step of that is not similar to the other Hahn-Banach theorems. Also, we give some applications and results.
As a cornerstone of functional analysis, Hahn Banach theorem constitutes an indispensable tool of modern analysis where its impact extends beyond the frontiers of linear functional analysis into several other domains of mathematics, including complex analysis, partial differential equations and ergodic theory besides many more. The paper is an attempt to draw attention to certain applications of the Hahn Banach theorem which are less familiar to the mathematical community, apart from highlighting certain aspects of the Hahn Banach phenomena which have spurred intense research activity over the…
We present here a simple and direct proof of the classic geometric version of Hahn-Banach Theorem from its analitic version, in the real case. The reciprocal implication, and the direct proofs of both versions, are already well kown, but they are also summarized. For the complex case, in both versions the Hahn-Banach Theorem is deduced from the real case, as it is well known.
For a new class of topological vector spaces, namely $κ$-normed spaces, and associated quasisemilinear topological preordered space is defined and investigated. This structure arise naturally from the consideration of a $κ$-norm, that is a distance function between a point and a $G_δ$-subset. For it, analogs of the Hahn-Banach theorem are proved.
An important consequence of the Hahn-Banach Theorem says that on any locally convex Hausdorff topological space $X$, there are sufficiently many continuous linear functionals to separate points of $X$. In the paper, we establish a `local' version of this theorem. The result is applied to study the uo-dual of a Banach lattice that was recently introduced in [3]. We also provide a simplified approach to the measure-free characterization of uniform integrability established in [8].
We show that a single special separation theorem (namely, a consequence of the geometric form of the Hahn-Banach theorem) can be used to prove Farkas type theorems, existence theorems for numerical quadrature with positive coefficients, and detailed characterizations of best approximations from certain important cones in Hilbert space.
[REVISED VERSION] The aim of this paper is to state a sharp version of the König supremum theorem, an equivalent reformulation of the Hahn--Banach theorem. We apply it to derive statements of the Lagrange multipliers, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker and Fritz John type, for nonlinear infinite programs. We also show that a weak concept of convexity coming from minimax theory, infsup-convexity, is the adequate one for this kind of results.
In this paper, we will see that the Cartesian product of two 2-Banach spaces is also 2-Banach space and discuss some properties of closed linear operator in linear 2-normed space. We also describe the concept of different types of continuity of b-linear functional and derive the Uniform Boundedness Principle and Hahn-Banach extension theorem for b-linear functionals in the case of linear 2-normed spaces. We also introduce the notion of weak*convergence for the sequence of bounded b-linear functionals relative to linear 2-normed space.
The concept of b-linear functional and its different types of continuity in linear n-normed space are presented and some of their properties are being established. We derive the Uniform Boundedness Principle and Hahn-Banach extension Theorem with the help of bounded b-linear functionals in the case of linear n-normed spaces and discuss some examples and applications. Finally, we present the concept of weak*convergence for the sequence of bounded b-linear functionals in linear n-normed space.
In this paper, we present a geometric form of the Hahn-Banach extension theorem for $L^{0}-$linear functions and prove that the geometric form is equivalent to the analytic form of the Hahn-Banach extension theorem. Further, we use the geometric form to give a new proof of a known basic strict separation theorem in random locally convex modules. Finally, using the basic strict separation theorem we establish the Goldstine-Weston theorem in random normed modules under the two kinds of topologies----the $(ε,λ)-$topology and the locally $L^{0}-$convex topology, and also provide a counterexample s…
In this study, we analyze the various strengthening and weakening of the uniqueness of the Hahn--Banach extension. In addition, we consider the case in which $Y$ is an ideal of $X$. In this context, we study the property-$(U)/ (SU)/ (HB)$ and property-$(k-U)$ for a subspace $Y$ of a Banach space $X$. We obtain various new characterizations of these properties. We discuss various examples in the classical Banach spaces, where the aforementioned properties are satisfied and where they fail. It is observed that a hyperplane in $c_0$ has property-$(HB)$ if and only if it is an $M$-summand. Conside…
It is observed that a natural analog of the Hahn-Banach theorem is valid for metric functionals but fails for horofunctions. Several statements of the existence of invariant metric functionals for individual isometries and 1-Lipschitz maps are proved. Various other definitions, examples and facts are pointed out related to this topic. In particular it is shown that the metric (horofunction) boundary of every infinite Cayley graphs contains at least two points.
This paper is partly a survey of certain kinds of results and proofs in additive combinatorics, and partly a discussion of how useful the finite-dimensional Hahn-Banach theorem can be. The most interesting single result is probably a simpler proof of a key step in the proof of the Green-Tao theorem, but several other applications of the method are given. A similarly simplified proof of the Green-Tao transference principle was obtained independently (and expressed in a rather different language) by Reingold, Trevisan, Tulsiani and Vadhan.
We determine the computational complexity of the Hahn-Banach Extension Theorem. To do so, we investigate some basic connections between reverse mathematics and computable analysis. In particular, we use Weak Konig's Lemma within the framework of computable analysis to classify incomputable functions of low complexity. By defining the multi-valued function Sep and a natural notion of reducibility for multi-valued functions, we obtain a computational counterpart of the subsystem of second order arithmetic WKL_0. We study analogies and differences between WKL_0 and the class of Sep-computable mul…
In this paper we study two properties viz. property-$U$ and property-$SU$ of a subspace $Y$ of a Banach space which correspond to the uniqueness of the Hahn-Banach extension of each linear functional in $Y^*$ and in addition to that this association forms a linear operator of norm-1 from $Y^*$ to $X^*$. It is proved that, under certain geometric assumptions on $X, Y, Z$ these properties are stable with respect to the injective tensor product; $Y$ has property-$U$ ($SU$) in $Z$ if and only if $X\otimes_\e^\vee Y$ has property-$U$ ($SU$) in $X\otimes_\e^\vee Z$. We prove that when $X^*$ has the …
Let A be a commutative normed algebra, K a class of normed A-modules. A normed A-module Z is called extremely flat with respect to K, if, for every isometric morphism of normed A-modules, belonging to K, the non-completed projective A-module tensor product of this morphism and the identity morphism on Z, is also isometric. In the present paper we take, in the capacity of A, the algebra c_0 of vanishing sequences and consider the class of the so-called homogeneous modules, over the latter algebra, denoted by H. The main theorem gives a full description of essential homogeneous modules over the …
We present here the General formulation of the problem of existence and construction of upper and lower envelope for an arbitrary function with values from the completion of the ordered set ${\rm S}$ for a certain class of functions with values in ${\rm S}$. The task is parsed only for the simplest case of model class of homogeneous functions. Consider only order-algebraic version without the involvement of the topology.
Let $k$ be a local field with valuation ring $O_k$ and residue field $\overline{k}$. We extend Hahn--Banach theorem for the class of seminormed $k$-vector spaces to several classes of locally convex spaces and subspaces over $k$, $O_k$, and $\overline{k}$. We establish analogues of Iwasawa-type duality for several classes of locally convex spaces over $k$, $O_k$, and $\overline{k}$.
We study Hahn-Banach extensions of multilinear forms defined on Banach sequence spaces. We characterize $c_0$ in terms of extension of bilinear forms, and describe the Banach sequence spaces in which every bilinear form admits extensions to any superspace.
The existence of a Banach limit as a translation invariant positive continuous linear functional on the space of bounded scalar sequences which is equal to 1 at the constant sequence (1,1,...,1,...) is proved in a first course on functional analysis as a consequence of the Hahn Banach extension theorem. Whereas its use as an important tool in classical summability theory together with its application in the existence of certain invariant measures on compact (metric) spaces is well known, a renewed interest in the theory of Banach limits has led to certain applications which have opened new vis…
Chapter 1 deals with the problem of the existence of an upper/lower envelope from a convex cone or, more generally, a convex set for functions on the projective limit of vector lattices with values in the completion of the Kantorovich space or on the extended real line. Vector, ordinal and topological dual interpretations of the existence conditions of such envelope and the method of its construction are given. Chapter 2 presents applications to the existence of a nontrivial (pluri)subharmonic and/or (pluri) harmonic minorant for functions in domains from finite-dimensional real or complex spa…
The main purpose of this paper is to determine the fine spectrum with respect to Goldberg's classification of the difference operator over the sequence space h. As a new development, we give the approximate point spectrum, defect spectrum and compression spectrum of the difference operator on the sequence space h.
We give a nonlinear representation of the duals for a class of Banach spaces. This leads to classroom-friendly proofs of the classical representation theorems $H'=H$ and $(L^p)'=L^q$. Our proofs extend to a family of Orlicz spaces, and yield as an unexpected byproduct a version of the Helly-Hahn-Banach theorem.
In this paper we study some basic properties of bicomplex linear operators on bicomplex Hilbert spaces. Further we discuss some applications of Hahn-Banach theorem on bicomplex Banach modules. We also introduce and discuss some bicomplex holomorphic function spaces and prove Littlewood's Subordination principle for bicomplex Hardy space.
This article investigates matrix convex sets and introduces their tracial analogs which we call contractively tracial convex sets. In both contexts completely positive (cp) maps play a central role: unital cp maps in the case of matrix convex sets and trace preserving cp (CPTP) maps in the case of contractively tracial convex sets. CPTP maps, also known as quantum channels, are fundamental objects in quantum information theory. Free convexity is intimately connected with Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) L(x) = A_0 + A_1 x_1 + ... + A_g x_g > 0 and their matrix convex solution sets { X : L(X) …
A subspace $X$ of a Banach space $Y$ has $\textit{Property U}$ whenever every continuous linear functional on $X$ has a unique norm-preserving (i.e., Hahn$-$Banach) extension to $Y$ (Phelps, 1960). Throughout this document we introduce and develop a systematic study of the existence of $\textit{U-embeddings}$ between Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, that is, isometric embeddings of $X$ into $Y$ whose ranges have property U. In particular, we are interested in the case that $Y=C(K)$, where $K$ is a compact Hausdorff topological space. We provide results for general Banach spaces and for some specific…
Schauder's theorem asserts that a bounded linear operator between Banach spaces is compact if ad only if its adjoint is. We give a new proof of this result, which is both short and completely elementary in the sense that it does not depend on anything beyond basic functional analysis, i.e., the Hahn--Banach theorem and some of its consequences; in particular, we avoid the Arzela--Ascoli theorem (and any kind of related diagonal argument).
We consider the "order" analogues of some classical notions of Banach space geometry: extreme points and convex hulls. A Hahn-Banach type separation result is obtained, which allows us to establish an "order" Krein-Milman Theorem. We show that the unit ball of any infinite dimensional reflexive space contains uncountably many order extreme points, and investigate the set of positive norm-attaining functionals. Finally,we introduce the "solid" version of the Krein-Milman Property, and show it is equivalent to the Radon-Nikodym Property.
This paper is a survey of a new family of Banach spaces ${KS}^2$ and $SD^2$ that provide the same structure for the Henstock-Kurzweil (HK) integrable functions as the $L^p$ spaces provide for the Lebesgue integrable functions. These spaces also contain the wide sense Denjoy integrable functions. They were first use to provide the foundations for the Feynman formulation of quantum mechanics. It has recently been observed that these spaces contain the test functions $\mathcal{D}$ as a continuous dense embedding. Thus, by the Hahn-Banach theorem, $\mathcal{D}' \subset \mathcal{B}'$. A new family …
The basic results for nonlinear operators are given. These results include nonlinear versions of classical uniform boundedness theorem and Hahn-Banach theorem. Furthermore, the mappings from a metrizable space into another normed space can fall in some normed spaces by defining suitable norms. The results for the mappings on the metrizable spaces can be applied to the operators on the space of bounded linear functionals corresponding to the Dirac's delta function.
In this paper, we first construct the homogeneous $q$-shift operator $\widetilde{E}(a,b;D_{q})$ and the homogeneous $q$-difference operator $\widetilde{L}(a,b; θ_{xy})$. We then apply these operators in order to represent and investigate generalized Cauchy and a general form of Hahn polynomials. We derive some $q$-identities such as: generating functions, extended generating functions, Mehler's formula and Roger's formula for these $q$-polynomials.
In this paper, we give three different new proofs of the validity of the geometry conjecture about cycles of projections onto nonempty closed, convex subsets of a Hilbert space. The first uses a simple minimax theorem, which depends on the finite dimensional Hahn-Banach theorem. The second uses Fan's inequality, which has found many applications in optimization and mathematical economics. The third uses three results on maximally monotone operators on a Hilbert space.
Suppose $E$ is a Banach lattice. Recently, there have been some motivating contexts regarding the known Banach-Saks property and the Grothendieck property from an order point of view. In this paper, we establish these results for operators that enjoy different types considered for the Banach-Saks property as well as for different notions related to the Grothendieck property. In particular, beside other results, we characterize order continuity and reflexivity of Banach lattices in terms of the corresponding bounded operators defined on them.
We give a Hahn-Jordan decomposition in Riesz spaces which generalizes that of [{{\sc B. A. Watson}, {An Andô-Douglas type theorem in Riesz spaces with a conditional expectation,} {\em Positivity,} {\bf 13} (2009), 543 - 558}] and a Riesz-Frechet representation theorem for the $T$-strong dual, where $T$ is a Riesz space conditional expectation operator. The result of Watson was formulated specifically to assist in the proof of the existence of Riesz space conditional expectation operators with given range space, i.e., a result of Andô-Douglas type. This was needed in the study of Markov process…
In this paper, we study geometric properties of the set of group invariant continuous linear operators between Banach spaces. In particular, we present group invariant versions of the Hahn-Banach separation theorems and elementary properties of the invariant operators. This allows us to contextualize our main applications in the theory of norm-attaining operators; we establish group invariant versions of the properties $α$ of Schachermayer and $β$ of Lindenstrauss, and present relevant results from this theory in this (much wider) setting. In particular, we generalize Bourgain's result, which …
EP Banach space operators and EP Banach algebra elements are characterized using different kinds of factorizations. The results obtained generalize well-known characterizations of EP matrices, EP Hilbert space operators and EP $C^*$-algebra elements. Furthermore, new results that hold in these contexts are presented.
Several characterizations of EP and normal Moore-Penrose invertible Banach algebra elements will be considered. The Banach space operator case will be also studied. The results of the present article will extend well known facts obtained in the frames of matrices and Hilbert space operators.
Given a Banach Algebra $A$ and $a\in A$, several relations among the Drazin spectrum of $a$ and the Drazin spectra of the multiplication operators $L_a$ and $R_a$ will be stated. The Banach space operator case will be also examined. Furthermore, a characterization of the Drazin spectrum will be considered.
We study $k-$smoothness of bounded linear operators defined between arbitrary Banach spaces. As an application, we characterize $k-$smooth operators defined from $\ell_1^n$ to an arbitrary Banach space. We also completely characterize $k-$smooth operators defined between arbitrary two-dimensional Banach spaces.
