For a complex polynomial in two variables we study the morphism induced in homology by the embedding of an irregular fiber in a regular neighborhood of it. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for this morphism to be injective, surjective. Particularly this morphism is an isomorphism if and only if the corresponding irregular value is regular at infinity. We apply these results to the study of vanishing and invariant cycles.
We analyze and completely describe the four cases when the Hitchin fibration on a $2$-dimensional moduli space of irregular Higgs bundles over $\mathbb{C}P^{1}$ has a single singular fiber. The case when the fiber at infinity is of type $I_0^*$ is further analyzed, and we give constructions of all the possible configurations of singular curves inelliptic fibrations having this type of singular fiber at infinity.
We give a topological model for a polynomial map from $\C^n$ to $\C$ in the neighborhood of a fiber with isolated singularities. This is motivated out of the ``unfolding of links'' described earlier by the first author and Lee Rudolph. The topological model gives a useful encoding of the local and global monodromy for the map. The new ingredients --- the topology of the singularities at infinity of an irregular fiber, as encoded by the Milnor fibers at infinity and the monodromy maps on these Milnor fibers --- are recoverable for n=2 in full from the link at infinity of the irregular fiber. Th…
We describe how to compute topological objects associated to a polynomial map of several complex variables with isolated singularities. These objects are: the affine critical values, the affine Milnor numbers for all irregular fibers, the critical values at infinity, and the Milnor numbers at infinity for all irregular fibers. Then for a family of polynomials we detect parameters where the topology of the polynomials can change. Implementation and examples are given with the computer algebra system Singular.
We give a general criterion for two toric varieties to appear as fibers in a flat family over the projective line. We apply this to show that certain birational transformations mapping a Laurent polynomial to another Laurent polynomial correspond to deformations between the associated toric varieties.
Using a recent result by S. Papadima and A. Suciu, we show that the equivariant Poincaré-Deligne polynomial of the Milnor fiber of a projective line arrangement having only double and triple points is combinatorially determined.
We prove that any smooth complex projective variety with generic vanishing index bigger or equal than 2 has birational bicanonical map. Therefore, if X is a smooth complex projective variety X with maximal Albanese dimension and non-birational bicanonical map, then the Albanese image of X is fibered by subvarieties of codimension at most 1 of an abelian subvariety of Alb X.
In a recent paper, Dimca and Nemethi pose the problem of finding a homogeneous polynomial f such that the homology of the complement of the hypersurface defined by f is torsion-free, but the homology of the Milnor fiber of f has torsion. We prove that this is indeed possible, and show by construction that, for each prime p, there is a polynomial with p-torsion in the homology of the Milnor fiber. The techniques make use of properties of characteristic varieties of hyperplane arrangements.
In this note we determine the Bernstein-Sato polynomial $b_Q(s)$ of a generic central arrangement $Q=\prod_{i=1}^kH_i$ of hyperplanes. We establish a connection between the roots of $b_Q(s)$ and the degrees of the generators for the top cohomology of the corresponding Milnor fiber. This connection holds for all homogeneous polynomials. We also introduce certain subschemes of the arrangement determined by the roots of $b_Q(s)$.
For any two integers $k,n$, $2\leq k\leq n$, let $f:(\mathbb{C}^*)^n\rightarrow\mathbb{C}^k$ be a generic polynomial map with given Newton polytopes. It is known that points, whose fiber under $f$ has codimension one, form a finite set $C_1(f)$ in $\mathbb{C}^k$. For maps $f$ above, we show that $C_1(f)$ is empty if $k\geq 3$, we classify all Newton polytopes contributing to $C_1(f)\neq \emptyset$ for $k=2$, and we compute $|C_1(f)|$.
We prove an explicit formula for the Poincaré polynomials of parabolic character varieties of Riemann surfaces with semisimple local monodromies, which was conjectured by Hausel, Letellier and Rodriguez-Villegas. Using an approach of Mozgovoy and Schiffmann the problem is reduced to counting pairs of a parabolic vector bundles and a nilpotent endomorphism of prescribed generic type. The generating function counting these pairs is shown to be a product of Macdonald polynomials and the function counting pairs without parabolic structure. The modified Macdonald polynomial $\tilde H_λ[X;q,t]$ is i…
Suppose that X' is a smooth affine algebraic variety of dimension 3 with H_3(X')=0 which is a UFD and whose invertible functions are constants. Suppose that Z is a Zariski open subset of X which has a morphism p : Z -> U into a curve U such that all fibers of p are isomorphic to C^2. We prove that X' is isomorphic to C^3 iff none of irreducible components of X'-Z has non-isolated singularities. Furthermore, if X' is C^3 then p extends to a polynomial on C^3 which is linear in a suitable coordinate system. As a consequence we obtain the fact formulated in the title of the paper.
The Venereau polynomials v-n:=y+x^n(xz+y(yu+z^2)), n>= 1, on A4 have all fibers isomorphic to the affine space A3. Moreover, for all n>= 1 the map (v-n, x) : A4 -> A2 yields a flat family of affine planes over A2. In the present note we show that over the punctured plane A2\0, this family is a fiber bundle. This bundle is trivial if and only if v-n is a variable of the ring C[x][y,z,u] over C[x]. It is an open question whether v1 and v2 are variables of the polynomial ring C[x,y,z,u]. S. Venereau established that v-n is indeed a variable of C[x][y,z,u] over C[x] for n>= 3. In this note we give…
In this note we consider the Milnor fiber $F$ associated to a reduced projective plane curve $C$. A computational approach for the determination of the characteristic polynomial of the monodromy action on the first cohomology group of $F$, also known as the Alexander polynomial of the curve $C$, is presented. This leads to an effective algorithm to detect all the monodromy eigenvalues and, in many cases, explicit bases for the monodromy eigenspaces in terms of polynomial differential forms.
Let $p:R^n\to R$ be a polynomial map. Consider the complex $S'Ω^*(\RR^n)$ of tempered currents on $R^n$ with the twisted differential $d_p=d-dp$ where $d$ is the usual exterior differential and $dp$ stands for the exterior multiplication by $dp$. Let $t\in R$ and let $F_t=p^{-1}(t)$. In this paper we prove that the reduced cohomology $\tilda H^k(F_t;C)$ of $F_t$ is isomorphic to $H^{k+1}(S'Ω^*(\RR^n),d_p)$ in the case when $p$ is homogeneous and $t$ is any positive real number. We conjecture that this isomorphism holds for any polynomial $p$, for $t$ large enough (we call the $F_t$ for $t >> 0…
Consider a primitive polynomial $f$ in two variables, thought of as a map from the affine plane to the affine line. We study the minimimal compactification of $f$; from our result one deduces in particular that if one of the fibers of $f$ has only one fiber at infinity, then all the fibers of $f$ have a simultaneous resolution of singularities at infinity. From this one gets a very simple proof of the Suzuki-Abhyankar-Moh theorem on the embeddings of the affine line in the plane.
We generalize the classical lifting and recombination scheme for rational and absolute factorization of bivariate polynomials to the case of a critical fiber. We explore different strategies for recombinations of the analytic factors, depending on the complexity of the ramification. We show that working along a critical fiber leads in some cases to a good theoretical complexity, due to the smaller number of analytic factors to recombine. We pay a particular attention to the case of polynomials that are non degenerate with respect to their P-adic Newton polytopes.
We classify singularities at infinity of polynomials of degree 3 in 3 variables, $ f (x_0, x_1, x_2) = f_1 (x_0, x_1, x_2) + f_2 (x_0, x_1, x_2) + f_3 (x_0, x_1, x_2) $, $ f_i $ homogeneous polynomial of degree $ i $, $ i = 1,2,3 $. Based on this classification, we calculate the jump in the Milnor number of an isolated singularity at infinity, when we pass from the special fiber to a generic fiber. As an application of the results, we investigate the existence of global fibrations of degree 3 polynomials in $\mathbb{C}^3$ and search for information about the topology of the fibers in each equi…
We propose a new sheaf-theoretical method for the calculation of the monodromy zeta functions of Milnor fibrations. As an application, classical formulas of Kushnirenko and Varchenko etc. concerning polynomials on $\CC^n$ will be generalized to polynomial functions on any toric variety.
Let $R$ be an integral domain over a field $k$, and $G$ a subgroup of the automorphism group of the polynomial ring $R[x_1,..., x_n]$ over $R$. In this paper, we discuss when $G$ is diagonalizable under the assumption that $G$ is diagonalizable over the field of fractions of $R$. We are particularly interested in the case where $G$ is a finite abelian group. Kraft-Russell (2014) implies that every finite abelian subgroup of ${\rm Aut}_R(R[x_1,x_2])$ is diagonalizable if $R$ is an affine PID over $k={\bf C}$. One of the main results of this paper says that the same holds for a PID $R$ over any …
The complement of a hyperplane arrangement in the complex projective space is known to be formal. We prove the global Milnor fiber associated to the homogeneous polynomial defining the arrangement may not even be 1-formal, by giving an example in dimension 2.
In this article we investigate mixed polynomials and present conditions that can be applied on a specific class of polynomials in order to prove the existence of the Milnor Fibration, Milnor-Lê Fibration and the equivalence between them. We prove for this class the of functions that the Milnor-Lê fiber on a regular value is homeomorphic to the Milnor-Lê fiber on a critical value. We develop a criterion to verify the transversality property and apply it to a special case of the class of mixed polynomial.
Let P(x,y) be a rational polynomial and k in Q be a generic value. If the curve (P(x,y)=k) is irreducible and admits an infinite number of points whose coordinates are integers then there exist algebraic automorphisms that send P(x,y) to the polynomial x or to x^2-dy^2. Moreover for such curves (and others) we give a sharp bound for the number of integral points (x,y) with x and y bounded.
In this note, we prove the connectivity of the Milnor fiber for a mixed polynomial $f(\mathbf z,\bar{\mathbf z})$, assuming the existence of a sequence of smooth points of $f^{-1}(0)$ converging to the origin. This result gives also a another proof for the connectivity of the Milnor fiber of a non-reduced complex analytic function which is proved by A. Dimca
We describe an algorithm computing the monodromy and the pole order filtration on the Milnor fiber cohomology of any reduced projective plane curve $C$. The relation to the zero set of Bernstein-Sato polynomial of the defining homogeneous polynomial for $C$ is also discussed. When $C$ has some non weighted homogeneous singularities, then we have to assume that a conjecture holds in order to get some of our results. In all the examples computed so far this conjecture holds.
The software TrIm offers implementations of tropical implicitization and tropical elimination, as developed by Tevelev and the authors. Given a polynomial map with generic coefficients, TrIm computes the tropical variety of the image. When the image is a hypersurface, the output is the Newton polytope of the defining polynomial. TrIm can thus be used to compute mixed fiber polytopes, including secondary polytopes.
Let $R$ be a polynomial ring and $I \subset R$ be a perfect ideal of height two minimally generated by forms of the same degree. We provide a formula for the multiplicity of the saturated special fiber ring of $I$. Interestingly, this formula is equal to an elementary symmetric polynomial in terms of the degrees of the syzygies of $I$. Applying ideas introduced in arXiv:1805.05180, we obtain the value of the j-multiplicity of $I$ and an effective method for determining the degree and birationality of rational maps defined by homogeneous generators of $I$.
We remark that the study of a fiber-integral of the type F (s) := f =s ($ω$/df) $\land$ ($ω$/df) either in the local case where $ρ$ $\not\equiv$ 1 around 0 is C $\infty$ and compactly supported near the origin which is a singular point of {f = 0} in C n+1 , or in a global setting where f : X $\rightarrow$ D is a proper holomorphic function on a complex manifold X, smooth outside {f = 0} with $ρ$ $\not\equiv$ 1 near {f = 0}, for given holomorphic (n+1)--forms $ω$ and $ω$' , that a better control on the asymptotic expansion of F when s $\rightarrow$ 0, is obtained by using the Bernstein polynomi…
We prove a conjecture which expresses the bigraded Poisson-de Rham homology of the nilpotent cone of a semisimple Lie algebra in terms of the generalized (one-variable) Kostka polynomials, via a formula suggested by Lusztig. This allows us to construct a canonical family of filtrations on the flag variety cohomology, and hence on irreducible representations of the Weyl group, whose Hilbert series are given by the generalized Kostka polynomials. We deduce consequences for the cohomology of all Springer fibers. In particular, this computes the grading on the zeroth Poisson homology of all classi…
The order of the Milnor fiber monodromy operator of a central hyperplane arrangement is shown to be combinatorially determined. In particular, a necessary and sufficient condition for the triviality of this monodromy operator is given. It is known that the complement of a complex hyperplane arrangement is cohomologically Tate and, if the arrangement is defined over $\Q$, has polynomial count. We show that these properties hold for the corresponding Milnor fibers if the monodromy is trivial. We construct a hyperplane arrangement defined over $\Q$, whose Milnor fiber has a nontrivial monodromy o…
Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field and $I \subset R$ be a Gorenstein ideal of height three that is minimally generated by homogeneous polynomials of the same degree. We compute the multiplicity of the saturated special fiber ring of $I$. The obtained formula depends only on the number of variables of $R$, the minimal number of generators of $I$, and the degree of the syzygies of $I$. Applying results from arXiv:1805.05180, we get a formula for the $j$-multiplicity of $I$ and an effective method to study a rational map determined by a minimal set of generators of $I$.
We investigate the asymptotic growth of the canonical measures on the fibers of morphisms between vector spaces over local fields of arbitrary characteristic. For non-archimedean local fields we use a version of the Łojasiewicz inequality (\cite{lojasiewicz1959}, \cite{hormander1958division}) which follows from Greenberg \cite{greenberg1966rational}, \cite{bollaerts1990estimate}, together with the theory of the Brauer group of local fields to construct definite forms of arbitrarily high degree, and to transfer questions at infinity to questions near the origin. We then use these to generalize …
We investigate the interplay between the monodromy and the Deligne mixed Hodge structure on the Milnor fiber of a homogeneous polynomial. In the case of hyperplane arrangement Milnor fibers, we obtain a new result on the possible weights. For line arrangements, we prove in a new way the fact due to Budur and Saito that the spectrum is determined by the weak combinatorial data, and show that such a result fails for the Hodge-Deligne polynomials.
We consider an arbitrary polynomial map $f:{\mathbb C}^{n+1}\to {\mathbb C} $ and we study the Alexander invariants of ${\mathbb C}^{n+1}\setminus X$ for any fiber $X$ of $f$. The article has two major messages. First, the most important qualitative properties of the Alexander modules are completely independent of the behaviour of $f$ at infinity, or about the special fibers. Second, all the Alexander invariants of all the fibers of the polynomial $f$ are closely related to the monodromy representation of $f$. In fact, all the torsion parts of the Alexander modules (associated with all the pos…
A rational map $ϕ: \mathbb{P}_k^m \dashrightarrow \mathbb{P}_k^n$ is defined by homogeneous polynomials of a common degree $d$. We establish a linear bound in terms of $d$ for the number of $(m-1)$-dimensional fibers of $ϕ$, by using ideals of minors of the Jacobian matrix. In particular, we answer affirmatively Question~11 in arXiv:1511.02933v2.
In this article we introduce the mixed Hodge structure of the Brieskorn module of a polynomial $f$ in $\C^{n+1}$, where $f$ satisfies a certain regularity condition at infinity (and hence has isolated singularities). We give an algorithm which produces a basis of a localization of the Brieskorn module which is compatible with its mixed Hodge structure. As an application we show that the notion of a Hodge cycle in regular fibers of $f$ is given in terms of the vanishing of integrals of certain polynomial $n$-forms in $\C^{n+1}$ over topological $n$-cycles on the fibers of $f$. Since the $n$-th …
Can an ideal I in a polynomial ring k[x] over a field be moved by a change of coordinates into a position where it is generated by binomials $x^a - cx^b$ with c in k, or by unital binomials (i.e., with c = 0 or 1)? Can a variety be moved into a position where it is toric? By fibering the G-translates of I over an algebraic group G acting on affine space, these problems are special cases of questions about a family F of ideals over an arbitrary base B. The main results in this general setting are algorithms to find the locus of points in B over which the fiber of F - is contained in the fiber o…
The $Δ$-Springer varieties are a generalization of Springer fibers introduced by Levinson, Woo, and the author that have connections to the Delta Conjecture from algebraic combinatorics. We prove a positive Hall-Littlewood expansion formula for the graded Frobenius characteristic of the cohomology ring of a $Δ$-Springer variety. We do this by interpreting the Frobenius characteristic in terms of counting points over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ and partitioning the $Δ$-Springer variety into copies of Springer fibers crossed with affine spaces. As a special case, our proof method gives a geome…
