We describe how to compute topological objects associated to a polynomial map of several complex variables with isolated singularities. These objects are: the affine critical values, the affine Milnor numbers for all irregular fibers, the critical values at infinity, and the Milnor numbers at infinity for all irregular fibers. Then for a family of polynomials we detect parameters where the topology of the polynomials can change. Implementation and examples are given with the computer algebra system Singular.
For a polynomial $f$ in two complex variables, we prove that the multi-link at infinity of the 0-fiber $f^{-1}(0)$ is a fibred multi-link if and only if all the values different from 0 are regular at infinity.
We give a global version of Le-Ramanujam mu-constant theorem for polynomials. Let f_t, (t in [0,1]), be a family of polynomials of n complex variables with isolated singularities, whose coefficients are polynomials in t. We consider the case where some numerical invariants are constant (the affine Milnor number, the Milnor number at infinity, the number of critical values, the number of affine critical values, the number of critical values at infinity). Let n=2, we also suppose the degree of the f_t is a constant, then the polynomials f_0 and f_1 are topologically equivalent. For n>3 we suppos…
We give a concrete formula for the total Milnor number of the weighted-Le-Yomdin-at-infinity polynomial in most of the interesting cases. As an application, we give a description of the monodromy fibration at infinity for such kind of polynomial.
We define motivic Milnor fiber of cyclic $L_\infty$-algebras of dimension three using the method of Denef and Loeser of motivic integration. It is proved by Nicaise and Sebag that the topological Euler characteristic of the motivic Milnor fiber is equal to the Euler characteristic of the étale cohomology of the analytic Milnor fiber. We prove that the value of Behrend function on the germ moduli space determined by $L$ is equal to the Euler characteristic of the analytic Milnor fiber. Thus we prove that Behrend function depends only on the formal neighborhood of the moduli space.
We study the existence of Milnor fibration on a big enough sphere at infinity for a mixed polynomial $f: \bR^{2n} \to \bR^2$. By using strong non-degeneracy condition, we prove a counterpart of Némethi and Zaharia's fibration theorem. In particular, we obtain a global version of Oka's fibration theorem for strongly non-degenerate and convenient mixed polynomials.
Given a regular map f from a smooth complex variety to the affine line, we define a motivic Milnor fiber at infinity and we compute it in the case of a non degenerate Laurent polynomial for its Newton polyhedra at infinity.
We give a topological model for a polynomial map from $\C^n$ to $\C$ in the neighborhood of a fiber with isolated singularities. This is motivated out of the ``unfolding of links'' described earlier by the first author and Lee Rudolph. The topological model gives a useful encoding of the local and global monodromy for the map. The new ingredients --- the topology of the singularities at infinity of an irregular fiber, as encoded by the Milnor fibers at infinity and the monodromy maps on these Milnor fibers --- are recoverable for n=2 in full from the link at infinity of the irregular fiber. Th…
We consider a continuous family $(f_s)$, $s\in[0,1]$ of complex polynomials in two variables with isolated singularities, that are Newton non-degenerate. We suppose that the Euler characteristic of a generic fiber is constant (or equivalently the sum of the affine Milnor number and the Milnor number at infinity $μ(s)+λ(s)$ is constant). We firstly prove that the set of critical values at infinity depends continuously on $s$, and secondly that the degree of the $f_s$ is constant (up to an algebraic automorphism of $\Cc^2$).
Let $L$ be a cyclic $L_\infty$-algebra of dimension $3$ with finite dimensional cohomology only in dimension one and two. By transfer theorem there exists a cyclic $L_\infty$-algebra structure on the cohomology $H^*(L)$. The inner product plus the higher products of the cyclic $L_\infty$-algebra defines a superpotential function $f$ on $H^1(L)$. We associate with an analytic Milnor fiber for the formal function $f$ and define the Euler characteristic of $L$ is to be the Euler characteristic of the étale cohomology of the analytic Milnor fiber. In this paper we prove a Thom-Sebastiani type form…
By introducing motivic Milnor fibers at infinity of polynomial maps, we propose some methods for the study of nilpotent parts of monodromies at infinity. The numbers of Jordan blocks in the monodromy at infinity will be described by the Newton polyhedron at infinity of the polynomial.
We use the notion of Milnor fibres of the germ of a meromorphic function and the method of partial resolutions for a study of topology of a polynomial map at infinity (mainly for calculation of the zeta-function of a monodromy). It gives effective methods of computation of the zeta-function for a number of cases and a criterium for a value to be atypical at infinity.
In this note we consider the Milnor fiber $F$ associated to a reduced projective plane curve $C$. A computational approach for the determination of the characteristic polynomial of the monodromy action on the first cohomology group of $F$, also known as the Alexander polynomial of the curve $C$, is presented. This leads to an effective algorithm to detect all the monodromy eigenvalues and, in many cases, explicit bases for the monodromy eigenspaces in terms of polynomial differential forms.
We consider the monodromy at infinity and the monodromies around the bifurcation points of polynomial functions $f : \CC^n \longrightarrow \CC$ which are not tame and might have non-isolated singularities. Our description of their Jordan blocks in terms of the Newton polyhedra and the motivic Milnor fibers relies on two new issues: the non-atypical eigenvalues of the monodromies and the corresponding concentration results for their generalized eigenspaces.
We classify singularities at infinity of polynomials of degree 3 in 3 variables, $ f (x_0, x_1, x_2) = f_1 (x_0, x_1, x_2) + f_2 (x_0, x_1, x_2) + f_3 (x_0, x_1, x_2) $, $ f_i $ homogeneous polynomial of degree $ i $, $ i = 1,2,3 $. Based on this classification, we calculate the jump in the Milnor number of an isolated singularity at infinity, when we pass from the special fiber to a generic fiber. As an application of the results, we investigate the existence of global fibrations of degree 3 polynomials in $\mathbb{C}^3$ and search for information about the topology of the fibers in each equi…
We advance the understanding of K-theory of quadratic forms by computing the slices of the motivic spectra representing hermitian K-groups and Witt-groups. By an explicit computation of the slice spectral sequence for higher Witt-theory, we prove Milnor's conjecture relating Galois cohomology to quadratic forms via the filtration of the Witt ring by its fundamental ideal. In a related computation we express hermitian K-groups in terms of motivic cohomology.
We study a topological method to calculate the first Milnor fiber cohomology of a defining polynomial of a reduced projective hyperplane arrangement $X$ of degree $d$. We can show the vanishing of a monodromy eigenspace of the first Milnor fiber cohomology with eigenvalue of order $m\ge 2$ if $X\setminus(X^{[(m)]}\cup X^{\langle 3\rangle})$ or more generally $X\setminus(X^{[(m)]}\cup X^{\langle 3\rangle}\cup X_d)$ is connected. Here $X^{[(m)]}$ is the set of points of $X$ with multiplicity divisible by $m$, and $X^{\langle 3\rangle}:=\bigcup_{i,j,k}X_i\cap X_j\cap X_k$ with $X_i$ the irreducib…
This note is the observation that a simple combination of known results shows that the usual analytic invariants of a finitely determined multi-germ $f\colon (\mathbb{C}^2,S)\to(\mathbb{C}^3,0)$ ---namely the image Milnor number $μ_I$, the number of crosscaps and triple points, $C$ and $T$, and the Milnor number $μ(Σ)$ of the curve of double points in the target--- depend only on the embedded topological type of the image of $f$. As a consequence one obtains the topological invariance of the sign-refined Smale invariant for immersions $j\colon S^3\looparrowright S^5$ associated to finitely det…
We explicitly characterize when the Milnor number at the origin of a polynomial or power series (over an algebraically closed field k of arbitrary characteristic) is the minimum of all polynomials with the same Newton diagram, which completes works of Kushnirenko (Invent. Math., 1976) and Wall (J. Reine Angew. Math., 1999). Given a fixed collection of n convex integral polytopes in R^n, we also give an explicit characterization of systems of n polynomials supported at these polytopes which have the maximum number (counted with multiplicity) of isolated zeroes on k^n, or more generally, on a un…
Let $F$ be a polynomial mappping from $\mathbb{C}^n$ to $\mathbb{C}^q$ with $n>q$. We study the De Rham cohomology of its fibres and its relative cohomology groups, by introducing a special fibre $F^{-1}(\infty)$ "at infinity" and its cohomology. Let us fix a weighted homogeneous degree on $\mathbb{C}[x_1,...,x_n]$ with strictly positive weights. The fibre at infinity is the zero set of the leading terms of the coordinate functions of $F$. We introduce the cohomology groups $H^k(F^{-1}(\infty))$ of $F$ at infinity. These groups enable us to compute all the other cohomology groups of $F$. For i…
In this book we describe an approach through toric geometry to the following problem: "estimate the number (counted with appropriate multiplicity) of isolated solutions of n polynomial equations in n variables over an algebraically closed field k." The outcome of this approach is the number of solutions for "generic" systems in terms of their "Newton polytopes," and an explicit characterization of what makes a system "generic." The pioneering work in this field was done in the 1970s by Kushnirenko, Bernstein and Khovanskii, who completely solved the problem of counting solutions of generic sys…
In this paper we show examples of computations achieved using the formulas of our previous paper, which express the push-forwards in equivariant cohomology as iterated residues at infinity. We consider the equivariant cohomology of the complex Lagrangian Grassmannian $LG(n)$ and the orthogonal Grassmannian with the action of the maximal torus. In particular, we show how to obtain some well-known results due to P. Pragacz and J. Ratajski on integrals of Schur polynomials over the Lagrangian Grassmannian $LG(n)$ and the orthogonal Grassmannian $OG(n)$.
Counts of curves in $\mathbb{P}^1\times\mathbb{P}^1$ with fixed contact order with the toric boundary and satisfying point conditions can be determined with tropical methods by Mikhalkin. If we require that our curves intersect the zero- and infinity-section only in points of contact order $1$, but allow arbitrary contact order for the zero- and infinity-fiber, the corresponding numbers reveal beautiful structural properties such as piecewise polynomiality, similar to the case of double Hurwitz numbers counting covers of $\mathbb{P}^1$ with special ramification profiles over zero and infinity …
Let $\mathcal M$ be a holonomic algebraic $\mathcal D$-module on the affine line, regular everywhere including at infinity. Malgrange gave a complete description of the Fourier-Laplace transform $\widehat{\mathcal M}$, including its Stokes multipliers at infinity, in terms of the quiver of $\mathcal M$. Let $F$ be the perverse sheaf of holomorphic solutions to $\mathcal M$. By the irregular Riemann-Hilbert correspondence, $\widehat{\mathcal M}$ is determined by the enhanced Fourier-Sato transform $F^\curlywedge$ of $F$. Our aim here is to recover Malgrange's result in a purely topological way,…
Given a divisorial discrete valuation 'centered at infinity' on C[x,y], we show that its sign on C[x,y] (i.e. whether it is negative or non-positive on non-constant polynomials) is completely determined by the sign of its value on the 'last key form' (key forms being the avatar of 'key polynomials' of valuations (introduced by [Maclane, 1936]) in 'global coordinates'). The proof involves computations related to the cone of curves on certain compactifications of C^2 and gives a characterization of the divisorial valuations centered at infinity whose 'skewness' can be interpreted in terms of the…
