Michael Lacey
Carleson's theorem on the pointwise convergence of Fourier series provides bounds for a maximal operator, with the maximum taken over all choices of linear functions of a phase argument. We extend this to all quadratic choices of phase functions. Specifically, we show that the maximal operator below maps $L^p$ into itself for $1<p<\infty$. $$ \sup_a \sup_b |\int e^{i(ay^2+by)}f(x-y)dy/y| $$
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We prove that the generalized Carleson operator with polynomial phase function of degree two is of weak type (2,2). For this, we introduce a new approach to the time-frequency analysis of the quadratic phase.
This paper is meant to be a gentle introduction to Carleson's Theorem on pointwise convergence of Fourier series.
In this paper we prove the weighted martingale Carleson Embedding Theorem with matrix weights both in the domain and in the target space.
In this article we prove L^p estimates for a general maximal operator, which extend both the classical Coifman-Meyer and Carleson-Hunt theorems in harmonic analysis
Stein and Wainger proved the $L^p$ bounds of the polynomial Carleson operator for all integer-power polynomials without linear term. In the present paper, we partially generalise this result to all fractional monomials in dimension one. Moreover, the connections with Carleson's theorem and the Hilbert transform along vector fields or (variable) curves are also discussed in details.
We strengthen the Carleson-Hunt theorem by proving $L^p$ estimates for the $r$-variation of the partial sum operators for Fourier series and integrals, for $p>\max\{r',2\}$. Four appendices are concerned with transference, a variation norm Menshov-Paley-Zygmund theorem, and applications to nonlinear Fourier transforms and ergodic theory.
We prove a bilinear Carleson embedding theorem with matrix weight and scalar measure. In the scalar case, this becomes exactly the well known weighted bilinear Carleson embedding theorem. Although only allowing scalar Carleson measures, it is to date the only extension to the bilinear setting of the recent Carleson embedding theorem by Culiuc and Treil that features a matrix Carleson measure and a matrix weight. It is well known that a Carleson embedding theorem implies a Doob's maximal inequality and this holds true in the matrix weighted setting with an appropriately defined maximal operator…
Carleson's Theorem asserts the pointwise convergence of Fourier series of square integrable functions. We give a complete proof, following joint work of the author and C. Thiele. Over 20 exercises are also detailed. We also discuss the derviation of the theorem on L^p spaces. And discuss a number of complements and extensions of the theorem and proof of Carleson's theorem.
We prove that a variety of oscillatory and polynomial Carleson operators are uniformly bounded on the family of parameters under considerations. As a particular application of our techniques, we prove uniform bounds for oscillatory Carleson operators near a single scale version of the quadratic Carleson operator.
In this paper, we study the dyadic Carleson Embedding Theorem in the matrix weighted setting. We provide two new proofs of this theorem, which highlight connections between the matrix Carleson Embedding Theorem and both maximal functions and $H^1$-BMO duality. Along the way, we establish boundedness results about new maximal functions associated to matrix $A_2$ weights and duality results concerning $H^1$ and BMO sequence spaces in the matrix setting. As an application, we then use this Carleson Embedding Theorem to show that if $S$ is a sparse operator, then the operator norm of $S$ on $L^2(W…
We prove failure of the natural formulation of a matrix weighted bilinear Carleson embedding theorem, featuring a matrix valued Carleson sequence as well as products of norms for the embedding. We show that assuming an A2 weight is also not sufficient. Indeed, a uniform bound on the conditioning number of the matrix weight is necessary and sufficient to get the bilinear embedding. We show that any improvement of a recent matrix weighted bilinear embedding, featuring a scalar Carleson sequence and inner products instead of norms must fail. In particular, replacing the scalar sequence by a matri…
The main purpose of this short note is to present an adaptation of the multilinear Bellman function technique from [4] to the time-frequency analysis. Demeter and Thiele introduced the two-dimensional bilinear Hilbert transform in [3] and showed that the Carleson operator can be identified in particular instances of the corresponding trilinear form. Demeter considered the Walsh model of one such form in [2], in relation to the discussion of the Walsh-Carleson theorem. We prove boundedness of this trilinear form for a single triple of exponents at the boundary of the previously established rang…
We make progress on an interesting problem on the boundedness of maximal modulations of the Hilbert transform along the parabola. Namely, if we consider the multiplier arising from it and restrict it to lines, we prove uniform $L^p$ bounds for maximal modulations of the associated operators. Our methods consist of identifying where to use effectively the polynomial Carleson theorem, and where we can take advantage of the presence of oscillation to obtain decay through the $TT^*$ method.
We develop a theory of Lp spaces based on outer measures rather than measures. This theory includes the classical Lp theory on measure spaces as special case. It also covers parts of potential theory and Carleson embedding theorems. The theory turns out to be an elegant language to describe aspects of classical singular integral theory such as paraproduct estimates and T(1) theorems, and it is particularly useful for generalizations of singular integral theory in time-frequency analysis. We formulate and prove a generalized Carleson embedding theorem and give a relatively short reduction of ba…
On Polynomial Carleson operators along quadratic hypersurfaces
本文研究二次超曲面上的多项式Carleson算子，证明其对任意非退化二次型和所有1<p<∞的Lp空间存在先验界，方法适用于任意符号二次型，突破了此前仅正定情形的限制。
We consider a basic $d$-adic model for the scattering transform on the line. We prove $L^2$ bounds for this scattering transform and a weak $L^2$ bound for a Carleson type maximal operator. The latter implies boundedness of $d$-adic models of generalized eigenfunctions of Dirac type operators with potential in $L^2(R)$. We show that this result cannot be obtained by estimating the terms in the natural multilinear expansion of the scattering transform.
The theory of Carleson measures, stopping time arguments, and atomic decompositions has been well-established in harmonic analysis. More recent is the theory of phase space analysis from the point of view of wave packets on tiles, tree selection algorithms, and tree size estimates. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the two theories are in fact closely related, by taking existing results and reproving them in a unified setting. In particular we give a dyadic version of extrapolation for Carleson measures, with two separate proofs, as well as a two-sided local dyadic $T(b)$ theore…
Consider the discrete maximal function acting on $\ell^2(\mathbb Z)$ functions \[ \mathcal{C}_Λ f( n ) := \sup_{ λ\in Λ} \left| \sum_{m \neq 0} f(n-m) \frac{e^{2 πiλm^2}} {m} \right| \] where $Λ\subset [0,1]$. We give sufficient conditions on $Λ$, met by certain kinds of Cantor sets, for this to be a bounded sublinear operator. This result is a discrete analogue of E. M. Stein's integral result, that the maximal operator below is bounded on $L^2(\mathbb R)$. \[ \mathcal{C}_2 f(x):= \sup_{λ\in \mathbb R} \left| \int f(x-y) \frac{e^{2πi λy^2}}{y} \ dy \right|.\] The proof of our result relies he…
The article arXiv:1309.0945 by Do and Thiele develops a theory of Carleson embeddings in outer $L^p$ spaces for the wave packet transform of functions in $ L^p(\mathbb R)$, in the $2\leq p\leq \infty$ range referred to as local $L^2$. In this article, we formulate a suitable extension of this theory to exponents $1<p<2$, answering a question posed in arXiv:1309.0945. The proof of our main embedding theorem involves a refined multi-frequency Calderón-Zygmund decomposition. We apply our embedding theorem to recover the full known range of $L^p$ estimates for the bilinear Hilbert transforms witho…
We study the Walsh model of a certain maximal truncation of Carleson's operator, related to the Return Times Theorem from Ergodic Theory.
We prove an extension of the Walsh-analog of the Carleson-Hunt theorem, where the $L^\infty$ norm defining the Carleson maximal operator has been replaced by an $L^q$ maximal-multiplier-norm. Additionally, we consider certain associated variation-norm estimates.
Consider the discrete maximal function acting on finitely supported functions on the integers, \[ \mathcal{C}_Λf(n) := \sup_{λ\in Λ} | \sum_{p \in \pm \mathbb{P}} f(n-p) \log |p| \frac{e^{2πi λp}}{p} |,\] where $\pm \mathbb{P} := \{ \pm p : p \text{ is a prime} \}$, and $Λ\subset [0,1]$. We give sufficient conditions on $Λ$, met by (finite unions of) lacunary sets, for this to be a bounded sublinear operator on $\ell^p(\mathbb{Z})$ for $\frac{3}{2} < p < 4$.
We prove a variation norm Carleson theorem for Walsh-Fourier series of functions with values in a UMD Banach space. Our only hypothesis on the Banach space is that it has finite tile-type, a notion introduced by Hytönen and Lacey. Given q \geq 2 we show that, if the space X has tile-type t for all t>q, then the r-variation of the Walsh-Fourier sums of any function f \in L^p ([0,1) ; X) belongs to L^p, whenever q<r \leq \infty and (r/(q-1))' < p < \infty. We also show that if this conclusion is true for a variant of the variational Carleson operator then the space X necessarily has tile-type t …
We prove a weak-$L^p$ bound for the Walsh-Carleson operator for $p $ near 1, improving on a theorem of Sjolin. We relate our result to the conjectures that the Walsh-Fourier and Fourier series of a function $f\in L\log L(\mathbb T)$ converge for almost every $x \in \mathbb T$.
A blueprint for the formalization of Carleson's theorem on convergence of Fourier series
本文提出Carleson定理（连续函数傅里叶级数几乎处处收敛）证明的Lean形式化蓝图，通过将经典结果归约为新定理并证明之，指导形式化过程。
We study discrete random variants of the Carleson maximal operator. Intriguingly, these questions remain subtle and difficult, even in this setting. Let $\{X_m\}$ be an independent sequence of $\{0,1\}$ random variables with expectations \[ \mathbb E X_m = σ_m = m^{-α}, \ 0 < α< 1/2, \] and $ S_m = \sum_{k=1} ^{m} X_k$. Then the maximal operator below almost surely is bounded from $ \ell ^{p}$ to $ \ell ^{p}$, provided the Minkowski dimension of $ Λ\subset [-1/2, 1/2]$ is strictly less than $ 1- α$. \[ \sup_{λ\in Λ} \Bigl| \sum_{m\neq 0} X_{\lvert m\rvert } \frac{e( λm )}{ {\rm sgn} (m)S_{ |m|…
Evaluation of the Bellman functions is a difficult task. The exact Bellman functions of the dyadic Carleson Embedding Theorem 1.1 and the dyadic maximal operators are obtained in [3] and [4]. Actually, the same Bellman functions also work for the tree-like structure. In this paper, we give a self-complete proof of the coincidence of the Bellman functions on the more general infinitely refining filtered probability space, see Definition 1.3. The proof depends on a remodeling of the Bellman function of the dyadic Carleson Embedding Theorem.
In this note we present a new proof of the Carleson Embedding Theorem on the unit disc and unit ball. The only technical tool used in the proof of this fact is Green's formula. The starting point is that every Carleson measure gives rise to a bounded subharmonic function. Using this function we construct a new related Carleson measure that allows for a simple embedding. In the case of the disc this gives the best known constant, with the previous best given by N. Nikolskii.
We prove a sharp Bernstein-type inequality for complex polynomials which are positive and satisfy a polynomial growth condition on the positive real axis. This leads to an improved upper estimate in the recent work of Culiuc and Treil on the weighted martingale Carleson embedding theorem with matrix weights. In the scalar case this new upper bound is optimal.
A variation norm Carleson theorem in higher dimensions
本文将Fefferman的多边形傅里叶部分和极大函数界推广到高维下的强$r$-变分范数界与2-振荡界，并针对嵌套矩形的部分傅里叶和建立了相关变分与振荡界，完善了高维Carleson定理的研究。
Carleson operators on doubling metric measure spaces
本文在加倍度量测度空间上提出调制函数的一般公理化方法，证明相应Carleson算子的L^p有界性，推广了经典结果，并用Lean验证。
We prove $L^p$ bounds for partial polynomial Carleson operators along monomial curves $(t,t^m)$ in the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$ with a phase polynomial consisting of a single monomial. These operators are "partial" in the sense that we consider linearizing stopping-time functions that depend on only one of the two ambient variables. A motivation for studying these partial operators is the curious feature that, despite their apparent limitations, for certain combinations of curve and phase, $L^2$ bounds for partial operators along curves imply the full strength of the $L^2$ bound for a one-dimensio…
In this work we extend consideration of the polynomial Carleson operator to the setting of a Radon transform acting along the paraboloid in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ for $n \geq 2$. Inspired by work of Stein and Wainger on the original polynomial Carleson operator, we develop a method to treat polynomial Carleson operators along the paraboloid via van der Corput estimates. A key new step in the approach of this paper is to approximate a related maximal oscillatory integral operator along the paraboloid by a smoother operator, which we accomplish via a Littlewood-Paley decomposition and the use of a s…
In this paper, Theorems 1.1- 1.2 show that the Boussinesq operator $\mathcal{B}_tf$ converges pointwise to its initial data $f\in H^s(\mathbb{R})$ as $t\to 0$ provided $s\geq\frac{1}{4}$ -- more precisely -- on the one hand, by constructing a counterexample in $\mathbb{R}$ we discover that the optimal convergence index $s_{c,1}=\frac14$; on the other hand, we find that the Hausdorff dimension of the disconvergence set for $\mathcal{B}_tf$ is \begin{align*} α_{1,\mathcal{B}}(s)&=\begin{cases} 1-2s&\ \ \text{as}\ \ \frac{1}{4}\leq s\leq\frac{1}{2};\\ 1 &\ \ \text{as}\ \ 0<s<\frac{1}{4}. \end{cas…
We give an alternate proof of three versions of the theorem on extrapolation of Carleson measures.
This paper gives embedding theorems for a very general class of weighted Bergman spaces: the results include a number of classical Carleson embedding theorems as special cases. We also consider little Hankel operators on these Bergman spaces. Next, a study is made of Carleson embeddings in the right half-plane induced by taking the Laplace transform of functions defined on the positive half-line (these embeddings have applications in control theory): particular attention is given to the case of a sectorial measure or a measure supported on a strip, and complete necessary and sufficient conditi…
A degree one Carleson operator along the paraboloid
本研究证明了d≥2时沿抛物面的奇异积分的极大线性调制的L^p有界性，推广了Carleson定理并补充了Pierce与Yung的相关结果。
A stochastic Carleson embedding theorem with constant $e$ and the vector of Riesz transforms
本文证明带常数 $e$ 的随机 Carleson 嵌入定理，适用于满足广义 Cauchy--Riemann 关系的连续鞅系统，并通过 Gundy--Varopoulos 表示推广至任意维数函数的 Riesz 变换向量。
We prove $L^p$ bounds in the range $1<p<\infty$ for a maximal dyadic sum operator on $\rn$. This maximal operator provides a discrete multidimensional model of Carleson's operator. Its boundedness is obtained by a simple twist of the proof of Carleson's theorem given by Lacey and Thiele, adapted in higher dimensions by Pramanik and Terwilleger. In dimension one, the $\lp$ boundedness of this maximal dyadic sum implies in particular an alternative proof of Hunt's extension of Carleson's theorem on almost everywhere convergence of Fourier integrals.
Formalizing Carleson's Theorem in Lean
本文介绍了在 Lean 证明助手中形式化 Carleson 定理的项目，涵盖数学内容、组织、蓝图及设计决策，是公开协作的成果。
We prove that the weak-$L^{p}$ norms, and in fact the sparse $(p,1)$-norms, of the Carleson maximal partial Fourier sum operator are $\lesssim (p-1)^{-1}$ as $p\to 1^+$. This is an improvement on the Carleson-Hunt theorem, where the same upper bound on the growth order is obtained for the restricted weak-$L^p$ type norm, and which was the strongest quantitative bound prior to our result. Furthermore, our sparse $(p,1)$-norms bound imply new and stronger results at the endpoint $p=1$. In particular, we obtain that the Fourier series of functions from the weighted Arias de Reyna space $ QA_{\inf…
We prove variation-norm estimates for certain oscillatory integrals related to Carleson's theorem. Bounds for the corresponding maximal operators were first proven by Stein and Wainger. Our estimates are sharp in the range of exponents, up to endpoints. Such variation-norm estimates have applications to discrete analogues and ergodic theory. The proof relies on square function estimates for Schrödinger-like equations due to Lee, Rogers and Seeger. In dimension one, our proof additionally relies on a local smoothing estimate. Though the known endpoint local smoothing estimate by Rogers and Seeg…
In the setting of tube domains over symmetric cones, $T_Ω$, we study the characterization of the positive Borel measures $μ$ for which the Hardy space $H^p$ is continuously embedded into the Lebesgue space $L^q (T_Ω, dμ)$, $0<p<q<\infty.$ Extending a result due to Blasco for the unit disc, we reduce the problem to standard measures. We obtain that a Hardy space $H^{p}$, $1\leq p < \infty,$ embeds continuously in weighted Bergman spaces with larger exponents. Finally we use this result to characterize multipliers from $H^{2m}$ to Bergman spaces for every positive integer $m$.
We provide a Fefferman-Stein type weighted inequality for maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmund operators that satisfy \textit{a priori} weak type unweighted estimates. This inequality corresponds to a maximally modulated version of a result of Pérez. Applying it to the Hilbert transform we obtain the corresponding Fefferman-Stein inequality for the Carleson operator $\mathcal{C}$, that is $\mathcal{C}: L^p(M^{\lfloor p \rfloor +1}w) \to L^p(w)$ for any $1<p<\infty$ and any weight function $w$, with bound independent of $w$. We also provide a maximal-multiplier weighted theorem, a vector-valued…
Motivated by Bourgain's work on pointwise ergodic theorems, and the work of Stein and Stein-Wainger on maximally modulated singular integrals without linear terms, we prove that the maximally monomially modulated discrete Hilbert transform, \[ \mathcal{C}_df(x) := \sup_λ\left| \sum_{m \neq 0} f(x-m) \frac{e^{2πi λm^d}}{m} \right| \] is bounded on all $\ell^p, \ 2 - \frac{1}{d^2 + 1} < p < \infty$, for any $d \geq 2$. We also establish almost everywhere pointwise convergence of the modulated ergodic Hilbert transforms (as $λ\to 0$) \[ \sum_{m \neq 0} T^m f(x) \cdot \frac{e^{2πi λm^d}}{m} \] for…
Let $K$ be a standard Hölder continuous Calderón--Zygmund kernel on $\mathbb{R}^{\mathbf{d}}$ whose truncations define $L^2$ bounded operators. We show that the maximal operator obtained by modulating $K$ by polynomial phases of a fixed degree is bounded on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^{\mathbf{d}})$ for $1 < p < \infty$. This extends Sjölin's multidimensional Carleson theorem and Lie's polynomial Carleson theorem.
Dyadic Martingale Transforms and Weighted Walsh-Carleson Operators
本文研究了由双侧马丁格尔变换产生的加权瓦尔什-卡拉森极大算子，证明了在满足均匀二进制变化条件和顶部二进制尺度上均匀界的情况下，这些算子在子序列上的弱型(1,1)估计，并给出了与权重在顶部二进制尺度附近行为相关的发散准则。
Endpoint Estimates for Stein's Purely Quadratic Carleson Operator
该研究针对Stein纯二次Carleson算子，证明其间隙与全版本均非弱型$(1,1)$，并分别建立了二者对应的$L\bmod$估计。
Nazarov-Treil-Volberg recently proved an elegant two-weight T1 theorem for "almost diagonal" operators that played a key role in the proof of the $A_2$ conjecture for dyadic shifts and related operators. In this paper, we obtain a generalization of their T1 theorem to the setting of matrix weights. Our theorem does differ slightly from the scalar results, a fact attributable almost completely to differences between the scalar and matrix Carleson Embedding Theorems. The main tools include a reduction to the study of well-localized operators, a new system of Haar functions adapted to matrix weig…
Operators such as Carleson operator are known to be bounded on $L^p$ for all $1<p<\infty$, but not from $L^1$ to weak-$L^1$ and from $H^p$ to $L^p$ for each $0<p\leq 1$, the object of this article is to give a estimate for all $0<p<\infty$. For the weights $w$ satisfying the doubling condition of order $q$ with $0<q<p$ and the reverse Hölder condition, by using some new functions spaces, we prove that: $\bullet$ some sublinear operators are bounded from some subspaces of $L^p_w$ to $L^p_w$ and to themselves for all $0<p< \infty$; in particular, these imply the endpoint estimates from $H^p_w$ t…
We prove an endpoint version of the Stein-Tomas restriction theorem, for a general class of measures, and with a strengthened Lorentz space estimate. A similar improvement is obtained for Stein's estimate on oscillatory integrals of Carleson-Sjölin-Hörmander type and some spectral projection operators on compact manifolds, and for classes of oscillatory integral operators with one-sided fold singularities.
We give a straighforward proof of the two weight estimates of the generalized maximal operator under Sawyer type testing conditions. The proof relies on the Martingale Carleson Embedding Theorem.
A Variation Norm Carleson Theorem Along the Primes
研究沿素数的离散变分卡尔松算子及素数卡尔松算子在\(\ell^p\)上的有界性，通过结合高阶傅里叶均匀性等方法，给出处理调制不变奇异积分新机制，确定算子有界的\(p\)范围并得到非变分端点尖锐结果。
We prove the following extension of the Wiener--Wintner Theorem in Ergodic Theor and the Carleson Theorem on pointwise convergence of Fourier series: For all measure preserving flows $ (X,μ, T_t)$ and $ f\in L^p (X,μ)$, there is a set $X_f\subset X $ of probability one, so that for all $x\in X_f$ we have \begin{equation*} \lim _{s\downarrow0} \int _{s<\abs t<1/s} \operatorname e ^{i θt} f(\operatorname T_tx)\; \frac{dt}t \qquad \text{exists for all $θ$.} \end{equation*} The proof is by way of establishing an appropriate oscillation inequality which is itself an extension of Carleson's theorem.
Carleson's corona theorem is used to obtain two results on cyclicity of singular inner functions in weighted Bergman-type spaces on the unit disk. Our method proof requires no regularity conditions on the weights.
Fractionally modulated discrete Carleson's Theorem and pointwise Ergodic Theorems along certain curves
本文研究了分数调制离散卡尔松算子和沿特定曲线的点wise遍历平均的有界性与几乎处处收敛性，使用圆法变种分析指数和。
In this series of two papers, we will prove a natural matrix weighted $T1$ theorem for matrix kernelled CZOs. In the current paper, we will prove matrix weighted norm inequalities for matrix symbolled paraproducts via a general matrix weighted Carleson embedding theorem. Along the way, we will also provide a stopping time proof of the identification of $L^p(W)$ as a weighted Triebel-Lizorkin space when $W$ is a matrix A${}_p$ weight.
Nicola Arcozzi, Pavel Mozolyako, Karl-Mikael Perfekt, and Giulia Sarfatti recently gave the proof of a bi-parameter Carleson embedding theorem. Their proof uses heavily the notion of capacity on bi-tree. In this note we give one more proof of a bi-parameter Carleson embedding theorem that avoids the use of bi-tree capacity. Unlike the proof on a simple tree (in a pervious paper of the authors) that used the Bellman function technique, the proof here is based on some rather subtle comparison of energies of measures on bi-tree.
A formulation of the Carleson embedding theorem in the multilinear setting is proved which allows to obtain a multilinear analogue of Sawyer's two weight theorem for the multisublinear maximal function \mathcal{M} introduced in Lerner et al. A multilinear version of the B_p theorem from Hytönen and Pérez is also obtained and a mixed A_{\vec{P}}-W_{\vec{P}}^{\infty} bound for \mathcal{M} is proved as well.
In a filtered measure space, a characterization of weights for which the trace inequality of a positive operator holds is given by the use of discrete Wolff's potential. A refinement of the Carleson embedding theorem is also introduced. Sawyer type characterization of weights for which a two-weight norm inequality for a generalized Doob's maximal operator holds is established by an application of our Carleson embedding theorem. Moreover, Hytönen-Pérez type one-weight norm estimate for Doob's maximal operator is obtained by the use of our two-weight characterization.
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