We consider a basic $d$-adic model for the scattering transform on the line. We prove $L^2$ bounds for this scattering transform and a weak $L^2$ bound for a Carleson type maximal operator. The latter implies boundedness of $d$-adic models of generalized eigenfunctions of Dirac type operators with potential in $L^2(R)$. We show that this result cannot be obtained by estimating the terms in the natural multilinear expansion of the scattering transform.
Consider the discrete maximal function acting on $\ell^2(\mathbb Z)$ functions \[ \mathcal{C}_Λ f( n ) := \sup_{ λ\in Λ} \left| \sum_{m \neq 0} f(n-m) \frac{e^{2 πiλm^2}} {m} \right| \] where $Λ\subset [0,1]$. We give sufficient conditions on $Λ$, met by certain kinds of Cantor sets, for this to be a bounded sublinear operator. This result is a discrete analogue of E. M. Stein's integral result, that the maximal operator below is bounded on $L^2(\mathbb R)$. \[ \mathcal{C}_2 f(x):= \sup_{λ\in \mathbb R} \left| \int f(x-y) \frac{e^{2πi λy^2}}{y} \ dy \right|.\] The proof of our result relies he…
We make progress on an interesting problem on the boundedness of maximal modulations of the Hilbert transform along the parabola. Namely, if we consider the multiplier arising from it and restrict it to lines, we prove uniform $L^p$ bounds for maximal modulations of the associated operators. Our methods consist of identifying where to use effectively the polynomial Carleson theorem, and where we can take advantage of the presence of oscillation to obtain decay through the $TT^*$ method.
We prove generalized Carleson embeddings for the continuous wave packet transform from $L^p(\mathbb{R},w)$ into an outer $L^p$ space for $2< p < \infty$ and weight $w \in A_{p/2}$. This work is a weighted extension of the corresponding Lebesgue result in arXiv:1309.0945v3 and generalizes a similar result in arXiv:1207.1150. The proof in this article relies on $L^2$ restriction estimates for the wave packet transform which are geometric and may be of independent interest.
Stein and Wainger proved the $L^p$ bounds of the polynomial Carleson operator for all integer-power polynomials without linear term. In the present paper, we partially generalise this result to all fractional monomials in dimension one. Moreover, the connections with Carleson's theorem and the Hilbert transform along vector fields or (variable) curves are also discussed in details.
We prove $L^p$ estimates for the Walsh model of the maximal bi-Carleson operator (which is a hybrid of the bilinear Hilbert transform and the Carleson maximal operator which appears naturally in the eigenfunction problem for one-dimensional Schrodinger operators). The corresponding estimates for the Fourier model will be obtained in the sequel of this paper.
It is shown that the Laplace transform of an Lp (1<p<=2) function defined on the positive semiaxis satisfies the Hausdorff-Young type inequality with a positive weight in the right complex half-plane if and only if the weight is a Carleson measure.
We strengthen the Carleson-Hunt theorem by proving $L^p$ estimates for the $r$-variation of the partial sum operators for Fourier series and integrals, for $p>\max\{r',2\}$. Four appendices are concerned with transference, a variation norm Menshov-Paley-Zygmund theorem, and applications to nonlinear Fourier transforms and ergodic theory.
We prove $L^p$ estimates for the Bi-Carleson operator, which is a natural hybrid of the Carleson maximal operator and the bilinear Hilbert transform. The methods used are essentially based on the treatment of the Walsh analogue of the operator in the prequel of this paper, but with additional technicalities due to the fact that in the Fourier model one cannot obtain perfect localization in both space and frequency.
We obtain $L^p(w)$ bounds for the Carleson operator ${\mathcal C}$ in terms of the $A_q$ constants $[w]_{A_q}$ for $1\le q\le p$. In particular, we show that, exactly as for the Hilbert transform, $\|{\mathcal C}\|_{L^p(w)}$ is bounded linearly by $[w]_{A_q}$ for $1\le q<p$. Our approach works in the general context of maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmung operators.
The article arXiv:1309.0945 by Do and Thiele develops a theory of Carleson embeddings in outer $L^p$ spaces for the wave packet transform of functions in $ L^p(\mathbb R)$, in the $2\leq p\leq \infty$ range referred to as local $L^2$. In this article, we formulate a suitable extension of this theory to exponents $1<p<2$, answering a question posed in arXiv:1309.0945. The proof of our main embedding theorem involves a refined multi-frequency Calderón-Zygmund decomposition. We apply our embedding theorem to recover the full known range of $L^p$ estimates for the bilinear Hilbert transforms witho…
We develop a theory of Lp spaces based on outer measures rather than measures. This theory includes the classical Lp theory on measure spaces as special case. It also covers parts of potential theory and Carleson embedding theorems. The theory turns out to be an elegant language to describe aspects of classical singular integral theory such as paraproduct estimates and T(1) theorems, and it is particularly useful for generalizations of singular integral theory in time-frequency analysis. We formulate and prove a generalized Carleson embedding theorem and give a relatively short reduction of ba…
The main purpose of this short note is to present an adaptation of the multilinear Bellman function technique from [4] to the time-frequency analysis. Demeter and Thiele introduced the two-dimensional bilinear Hilbert transform in [3] and showed that the Carleson operator can be identified in particular instances of the corresponding trilinear form. Demeter considered the Walsh model of one such form in [2], in relation to the discussion of the Walsh-Carleson theorem. We prove boundedness of this trilinear form for a single triple of exponents at the boundary of the previously established rang…
We prove $L^p(w)$ bounds for the Carleson operator ${\mathcal C}$, its lacunary version $\mathcal C_{lac}$, and its analogue for the Walsh series $\W$ in terms of the $A_q$ constants $[w]_{A_q}$ for $1\le q\le p$. In particular, we show that, exactly as for the Hilbert transform, $\|{\mathcal C}\|_{L^p(w)}$ is bounded linearly by $[w]_{A_q}$ for $1\le q<p$. We also obtain $L^p(w)$ bounds in terms of $[w]_{A_p}$, whose sharpness is related to certain conjectures (for instance, of Konyagin \cite{K2}) on pointwise convergence of Fourier series for functions near $L^1$. Our approach works in the g…
The aim of this paper is to estimate the $L^2$-norms of vector-valued Riesz transforms $R_ν^s$ and the norms of Riesz operators on Cantor sets in $\R^d$, as well as to study the distribution of values of $R_ν^s$. Namely, we show that this distribution is "uniform" in the following sense. The values of $|R_ν^s|^2$ which are comparable with its average value are attended on a "big" portion of a Cantor set. We apply these results to give examples demonstrating the sharpness of our previous estimates for the set of points where Riesz transform is large, and for the corresponding Riesz capacities. …
Analogues of Hausdorff-Young inequalities for the Dirac scattering transform (a.k.a. SU(1,1) nonlinear Fourier transform) were first established by Christ and Kiselev [1],[2]. Later Muscalu, Tao, and Thiele [5] raised a question if the constants can be chosen uniformly in $1\leq p\leq 2$. Here we give a positive answer to that question when the Euclidean real line is replaced by its Cantor group model.
We provide elementary proofs that the 2-variation Carleson operator $V_2$ along with explicit bilinear multipliers adapted to $\{ξ_1 + ξ_2 = 0\}$ satisfy no $L^p$ estimates. Furthermore, we obtain $L^p \rightarrow L^p$ estimates when $2 < p <\infty$ for a smooth restricted variant of $V_2$ that is defined a priori on Schwartz functions by the formula \begin{eqnarray*} \mathcal{V}^{res}_2 : f \mapsto \sup_{R \in \mathbb{R}_+} ~~\sup_{0 \leq α< R} ~~\left(\sum_{j \in \mathbb{Z}} \left|f*\mathcal{F}^{-1} \left[ \tilde{1}_{[α+ j R, α+ (j+1)R]}\right] \right|^2 \right)^{1/2} \end{eqnarray*} where $…
In this work we extend consideration of the polynomial Carleson operator to the setting of a Radon transform acting along the paraboloid in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ for $n \geq 2$. Inspired by work of Stein and Wainger on the original polynomial Carleson operator, we develop a method to treat polynomial Carleson operators along the paraboloid via van der Corput estimates. A key new step in the approach of this paper is to approximate a related maximal oscillatory integral operator along the paraboloid by a smoother operator, which we accomplish via a Littlewood-Paley decomposition and the use of a s…
We provide a Fefferman-Stein type weighted inequality for maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmund operators that satisfy \textit{a priori} weak type unweighted estimates. This inequality corresponds to a maximally modulated version of a result of Pérez. Applying it to the Hilbert transform we obtain the corresponding Fefferman-Stein inequality for the Carleson operator $\mathcal{C}$, that is $\mathcal{C}: L^p(M^{\lfloor p \rfloor +1}w) \to L^p(w)$ for any $1<p<\infty$ and any weight function $w$, with bound independent of $w$. We also provide a maximal-multiplier weighted theorem, a vector-valued…
In this paper we introduce the class of bilinear Hilbert--Carleson operators $\{BC^a\}_{a>0}$ defined by $$ BC^{a}(f,g)(x):= \sup_{λ\in {\mathbb R}} \Big|\int f(x-t)\, g(x+t)\, e^{iλt^a} \, \frac{dt}{t} \Big| $$ and show that in the non-resonant case $a\in (0,\infty)\setminus\{1,2\}$ the operator $BC^a$ extends continuously from $L^p({\mathbb R})\times L^q({\mathbb R})$ into $L^r({\mathbb R})$ whenever $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{r}$ with $1<p,\,q\leq\infty$ and $\frac{2}{3}<r<\infty$. A key novel feature of these operators is that -- in the non-resonant case -- $BC^{a}$ has a \emph{hybr…
We prove pointwise variational Lp bounds for a bilinear Fourier integral operator in a large but not necessarily sharp range of exponents. This result is a joint strengthening of the corresponding bounds for the classical Carleson operator, the bilinear Hilbert transform, the variation norm Carleson operator, and the bi-Carleson operator. Terry Lyon's rough path theory allows for extension of our result to multilinear estimates. We consider our result a proof of concept for a wider array of similar estimates with possible applications to ordinary differential equations.
We study the Fourier transforms $\widehatμ(ξ)$ of non-atomic Gibbs measures $μ$ for uniformly expanding maps $T$ of bounded distortions on $[0,1]$ or Cantor sets with strong separation. When $T$ is totally non-linear, then $\widehatμ(ξ) \to 0$ at a polynomial rate as $|ξ| \to \infty$.
We prove that the weak-$L^{p}$ norms, and in fact the sparse $(p,1)$-norms, of the Carleson maximal partial Fourier sum operator are $\lesssim (p-1)^{-1}$ as $p\to 1^+$. This is an improvement on the Carleson-Hunt theorem, where the same upper bound on the growth order is obtained for the restricted weak-$L^p$ type norm, and which was the strongest quantitative bound prior to our result. Furthermore, our sparse $(p,1)$-norms bound imply new and stronger results at the endpoint $p=1$. In particular, we obtain that the Fourier series of functions from the weighted Arias de Reyna space $ QA_{\inf…
Motivated by Bourgain's work on pointwise ergodic theorems, and the work of Stein and Stein-Wainger on maximally modulated singular integrals without linear terms, we prove that the maximally monomially modulated discrete Hilbert transform, \[ \mathcal{C}_df(x) := \sup_λ\left| \sum_{m \neq 0} f(x-m) \frac{e^{2πi λm^d}}{m} \right| \] is bounded on all $\ell^p, \ 2 - \frac{1}{d^2 + 1} < p < \infty$, for any $d \geq 2$. We also establish almost everywhere pointwise convergence of the modulated ergodic Hilbert transforms (as $λ\to 0$) \[ \sum_{m \neq 0} T^m f(x) \cdot \frac{e^{2πi λm^d}}{m} \] for…
This paper gives embedding theorems for a very general class of weighted Bergman spaces: the results include a number of classical Carleson embedding theorems as special cases. We also consider little Hankel operators on these Bergman spaces. Next, a study is made of Carleson embeddings in the right half-plane induced by taking the Laplace transform of functions defined on the positive half-line (these embeddings have applications in control theory): particular attention is given to the case of a sectorial measure or a measure supported on a strip, and complete necessary and sufficient conditi…
We prove modulation invariant embedding bounds from Bochner spaces $L^p(\mathbb{W};X)$ on the Walsh group to outer-$L^p$ spaces on the Walsh extended phase plane. The Banach space $X$ is assumed to be UMD and sufficiently close to a Hilbert space in an interpolative sense. Our embedding bounds imply $L^p$ bounds and sparse domination for the Banach-valued tritile operator, a discrete model of the Banach-valued bilinear Hilbert transform.
We prove the boundedness of the maximal operator and Hilbert transform along certain variable parabolas in $L^p$ for $p>p_0$ with some $p_0\in (1, 2)$. Connections with the Hilbert transform along vector fields and the polynomial Carleson's maximal operator are also discussed.
The purposes of this paper are two fold. First, we extend the method of non-homogeneous harmonic analysis of Nazarov, Treil and Volberg to handle "Bergman--type" singular integral operators. The canonical example of such an operator is the Beurling transform on the unit disc. Second, we use the methods developed in this paper to settle the important open question about characterizing the Carleson measures for the Besov--Sobolev space of analytic functions $B^σ_2$ on the complex ball of $\mathbb{C}^d$. In particular, we demonstrate that for any $σ> 0$, the Carleson measures for the space are ch…
We prove the following extension of the Wiener--Wintner Theorem in Ergodic Theor and the Carleson Theorem on pointwise convergence of Fourier series: For all measure preserving flows $ (X,μ, T_t)$ and $ f\in L^p (X,μ)$, there is a set $X_f\subset X $ of probability one, so that for all $x\in X_f$ we have \begin{equation*} \lim _{s\downarrow0} \int _{s<\abs t<1/s} \operatorname e ^{i θt} f(\operatorname T_tx)\; \frac{dt}t \qquad \text{exists for all $θ$.} \end{equation*} The proof is by way of establishing an appropriate oscillation inequality which is itself an extension of Carleson's theorem.
We prove that if $μ$ is a d-dimensional Ahlfors-David regular measure in $\R^{d+1}$, then the boundedness of the $d$-dimensional Riesz transform in $L^2(μ)$ implies that the non-BAUP David-Semmes cells form a Carleson family. Combined with earlier results of David and Semmes, this yields the uniform rectifiability of $μ$.
Certain vector-valued inequalities are shown to hold for a Walsh analog of the bilinear Hilbert transform. These extensions are phrased in terms of a recent notion of quartile type of a UMD (Unconditional Martingale Differences) Banach space X. Every known UMD Banach space has finite quartile type, and it was recently shown that the Walsh analog of Carleson's Theorem holds under a closely related assumption of finite tile type. For a Walsh model of the bilinear Hilbert transform however, the quartile type should be sufficiently close to that of a Hilbert space for our results to hold. A full s…
We consider boundedness of a certain positive dyadic operator $$ T^σ\colon L^p(σ; \ \! \ell^2) \to L^p(ω), $$ that arose during our attempts to develop a two-weight theory for the Hilbert transform in $L^p$. Boundedness of $T^σ$ is characterized when $p \in [2, \infty)$ in terms of certain testing conditions. This requires a new Carleson-type embedding theorem that is also proved.
As a corollary to our main theorem we give a new proof of the result that the norm of the Hilbert transform on L^2(w) has norm bounded by a the A_2 characteristic of a weight to the first power, a theorem of one of us. This new proof begins as the prior proofs do, by passing to Haar shifts. Then, we apply a deep two-weight T1 theorem of Nazarov-Treil-Volberg, to reduce the matter to checking a certain carleson measure condition. This condition is checked with a corona decomposition of the weight. Prior proofs of this type have used Bellman functions, while this proof is flexible enough to addr…
It is well-known that dyadic martingale transforms are a good model for Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators. In this paper we extend some results on weighted norm inequalities to vector-valued functions. We prove that, if $W$ is an $A_2$ matrix weight, then the weighted $L^2$-norm of a Calderón-Zygmund operator with cancellation has the same dependence on the $A_2$ characteristic of $W$ as the weighted $L^2$-norm of the martingale transform. Thus the question of the dependence of the norm of matrix-weighted Calderón-Zygmund operators on the $A_2$ characteristic of the weight is reduce…
Recently, V. Cruz, J. Mateu and J. Orobitg have proved a T(1) theorem for the Beurling transform in the complex plane. It asserts that given $0<s\leq1$, $1<p<\infty$ with $sp>2$ and a Lipschitz domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{C}$, the Beurling transform $Bf=- {\rm p.v.}\frac1{πz^2}*f$ is bounded in the Sobolev space $W^{s,p}(Ω)$ if and only if $Bχ_Ω\in W^{s,p}(Ω)$. In this paper we obtain a generalized version of the former result valid for any $s\in \mathbb{N}$ and for a larger family of Calderón-Zygmund operators in any ambient space $\mathbb{R}^d$ as long as $p>d$. In that case we need to check th…
Let b be a function on the plane. Let H_j, j=1,2, be the Hilbert transform acting on the j-th coordinate on the plane. We show that the operator norm of the double commutator [[ M_b, H_1], H_2] is equivalent to the Chang-Fefferman BMO norm of b. Here, M_b denotes the operator which is multiplication by b. This result extends a well known theorem of Nehari on weak factorization in the Hardy space H^1 to the same theorem on H^1 of a product domain. The product setting is more delicate because of the presence of a two parameter family of dilations. The method of proof depends upon (a) A dyadic de…
