Stefan Neuwirth
Reiman produced a quadratic inequality for the size of bipartite graphs of girth six. We get its counterpart for girth eight, a cubic inequality. It is optimal in as far as it admits the algebraic structure of generalized quadrangles as case of equality. This enables us to obtain the optimal estimate e ~ v^(4/3) for balanced bipartite graphs. We also get an optimal estimate for very unbalanced graphs.
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We prove that for every $k$ and every $\varepsilon>0$, there exists $g$ such that every graph with tree-width at most $k$ and odd-girth at least $g$ has circular chromatic number at most $2+\varepsilon$.
For integer $k\geq2$ and prime power $q$, the algebraic bipartite graph $D(k,q)$ proposed by Lazebnik and Ustimenko (1995) is meaningful not only in extremal graph theory but also in coding theory and cryptography. This graph is $q$-regular, edge-transitive and of girth at least $k+4$. For its exact girth $g=g(D(k,q))$, Füredi et al. (1995) conjectured $g=k+5$ for odd $k$ and $q\geq4$. This conjecture was shown to be valid in 2016 when $(k+5)/2$ is the product of an arbitrary factor of $q-1$ and an arbitrary power of the characteristic of $\mathbb{F}_q$. In this paper, we determine all the gir…
The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex labeling with $d$ labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The distinguishing chromatic number $χ_{D}(G)$ of $G$ is defined similarly, where, in addition, $f$ is assumed to be a proper labeling. Motivated by a conjecture in \cite{colins}, we prove that if $G$ is a bipartite graph of girth at least six with the maximum degree $Δ(G)$, then $χ_{D}(G)\leq Δ(G)+1$. We also obtain an upper bound for $χ_{D}(G)$ where $G$ is a graph with at most one cycle. Finally, we state a relationshi…
An $r$-augmented tree is a rooted tree plus $r$ edges added from each leaf to ancestors. For $d,g,r\in\mathbb{N}$, we construct a bipartite $r$-augmented complete $d$-ary tree having girth at least $g$. The height of such trees must grow extremely rapidly in terms of the girth. Using the resulting graphs, we construct sparse non-$k$-choosable bipartite graphs, showing that maximum average degree at most $2(k-1)$ is a sharp sufficient condition for $k$-choosability in bipartite graphs, even when requiring large girth. We also give a new simple construction of non-$k$-colorable graphs and hyperg…
The modelling of interconnection networks by graphs motivated the study of several extremal problems that involve well known parameters of a graph (degree, diameter, girth and order) and ask for the optimal value of one of them while holding the other two fixed. Here we focus in {\em bipartite Moore graphs\/}, that is, bipartite graphs attaining the optimum order, fixed either the degree/diameter or degree/girth. The fact that there are very few bipartite Moore graphs suggests the relaxation of some of the constraints implied by the bipartite Moore bound. First we deal with {\em local bipartit…
Connectivity keeping trees in 3-connected bipartite graphs with girth conditions
针对Luo等人提出的k-连通二部图中存在保持连通性的指定树子图的猜想，本文证明在k≤3且图的围长不小于树的直径减1时猜想成立。
For integer $k\geq2$ and prime power $q$, the algebraic bipartite graph $D(k,q)$ proposed by Lazebnik and Ustimenko (1995) is meaningful not only in extremal graph theory but also in coding theory and cryptography. This graph is $q$-regular, edge-transitive and of girth at least $k+4$. Its exact girth $g=g(D(k,q))$ was conjectured in 1995 to be $k+5$ for odd $k$ and $q\geq4$. This conjecture was shown to be valid in 2016 when $\frac{k+5}{2}|_p(q-1)$, where $p$ is the characteristic of $\mathbb{F}_q$ and $m|_pn$ means that $m$ divides $p^r n$ for some nonnegative integer $r$. In this paper, for…
On strongly regular signed graphs of higher girth
研究高围长的强正则带号图，证明围长为4的二分图由加权矩阵设计和对称块设计分类，围长为5的易于描述，围长更高的不存在，围长为4的非二分图未解决。
On the structure of graphs with given odd girth and large algebraic connectivity
该研究针对给定奇围长的图，以代数连通度为约束条件，证明了三类图在特定代数连通度阈值下必为二分图，并确定了相关常数的渐近最优性。
A bipartite biregular $(n,m;g)$-graph $G$ is a bipartite graph of even girth $g$ having the degree set $\{n,m\}$ and satisfying the additional property that the vertices in the same partite set have the same degree. An $(n,m;g)$-bipartite biregular cage is a bipartite biregular $(n,m;g)$-graph of minimum order. In their 2019 paper, Filipovski, Ramos-Rivera and Jajcay present lower bounds on the orders of bipartite biregular $(n,m;g)$-graphs, and call the graphs that attain these bounds {\em bipartite biregular Moore cages}. In parallel with the well-known classical results relating the existen…
For any field $\mathbb{F}$ and polynomials $f_{2},f_{3}\in\mathbb{F}[x,y]$, let $Γ_{\mathbb{F}}(f_{2},f_{3})$ denote the bipartite graph with vertex partition $P\cup L$, where $P$ and $L$ are two copies of $\mathbb{F}^{3}$, and $(p_{1},p_{2},p_{3})\in P$ is adjacent to $[l_{1},l_{2},l_{3}]\in L$ if and only if $p_{2}+l_{2}=f_{2}(p_{1},l_{1})$ and $p_{3}+l_{3}=f_{3}(p_{1},l_{1})$. The graph $Γ_{3}(\mathbb{F})=Γ_{\mathbb{F}}(xy,xy^{2})$ is known to be of girth eight. When $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{F}_q$ is a finite field of odd size $q$ or $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{F}_{\infty}$ is an algebraically closed fi…
A signed graph $(G, Σ)$ is a graph $G$ and a subset $Σ$ of its edges which corresponds to an assignment of signs to the edges: edges in $Σ$ are negative while edges not in $Σ$ are positive. A closed walk of a signed graph is balanced if the product of the signs of its edges (repetitions included) is positive, and unbalanced otherwise. The unbalanced-girth of a signed graph is the length of a shortest unbalanced closed walk (if such a walk exists). A homomorphism of $(G,Σ)$ to $(H,Π)$ is a homomorphism of $G$ to $H$ which preserves the balance of closed walks. In this work, given a signed bipar…
In 1991, Bollobás and Frieze showed that the threshold for $G_{n,p}$ to contain a spanning maximal planar subgraph is very close to $p = n^{-1/3}$. In this paper, we compute similar threshold ranges for $G_{n,p}$ to contain a maximal bipartite planar subgraph and for $G_{n,p}$ to contain a maximal planar subgraph of fixed girth $g$.
In this short note, we extend the result of Galluccio, Goddyn, and Hell, which states that graphs of large girth excluding a minor are nearly bipartite. We also prove a similar result for the oriented chromatic number, from which follows in particular that graphs of large girth excluding a minor have oriented chromatic number at most $5$, and for the $p$th chromatic number $χ_p$, from which follows in particular that graphs $G$ of large girth excluding a minor have $χ_p(G)\leq p+2$.
Let $\mathcal{G}(m,k)$ be the set of graphs with size $m$ and odd girth (the length of shortest odd cycle) $k$. In this paper, we determine the graph maximizing the spectral radius among $\mathcal{G}(m,k)$ when $m$ is odd. As byproducts, we show that, there is a number $η(m)>\sqrt{m-k+3}$ such that every non-bipartite graph $G$ with size $m$ and spectral radius $ρ\ge η(m)$ must contains an odd cycle of length less than $k$ unless $m$ is odd and $G\cong SK_{k,m}$, which is the graph obtained by subdividing an edge $k-2$ times of complete bipartite $K_{2,\frac{m-k+2}{2}}$. This result implies th…
In \cite{Chan95}, the authors classified the 2-extendable abelian Cayley graphs and posed the problem of characterizing all 2-extendable Cayley graphs. We first show that a connected bipartite Cayley (vertex-transitive) graph is 2-extendable if and only if it is not a cycle. It is known that a non-bipartite Cayley (vertex-transitive) graph is 2-extendable when it is of minimum degree at least five \cite{sun}. We next classify all 2-extendable cubic non-bipartite Cayley graphs and obtain that: a cubic non-bipartite Cayley graph with girth $g$ is 2-extendable if and only if $g\geq 4$ and it does…
A half-square of a bipartite graph $B=(X,Y,E_B)$ has one color class of $B$ as vertex set, say $X$; two vertices are adjacent whenever they have a common neighbor in $Y$. If $G=(V,E_G)$ is the half-square of a planar bipartite graph $B=(V,W,E_B)$, then $G$ is called a map graph, and $B$ is a witness of $G$. Map graphs generalize planar graphs, and have been introduced and investigated by Chen, Grigni and Papadimitriou [STOC 1998, J. ACM 2002]. They proved that recognizing map graphs is in $\mathsf{NP}$ by proving the existence of a witness. Soon later, Thorup [FOCS 1998] claimed that recognizi…
We prove that every bipartite graph of sufficiently large average degree has either a $K_{t,t}$-subgraph or an induced subgraph of average degree at least $t$ and girth at least $6$. We conjecture that "$6$" can be replaced by "$k$", which strengthens a conjecture of Thomassen. In support of this conjecture, we show that it holds for regular graphs.
In this paper, we deal with a generalization $Γ(Ω,q)$ of the bipartite graphs $D(k,q)$ proposed by Lazebnik and Ustimenko, where $Ω$ is a set of binary sequences that are adopted to index the entries of the vertices. A few sufficient conditions on $Ω$ for $Γ(Ω,q)$ to admit a variety of automorphisms are proposed. A sufficient condition for $Γ(Ω,q)$ to be edge-transitive is proposed further. A lower bound of the number of the connected components of $Γ(Ω,q)$ is given by showing some invariants for the components. For $Γ(Ω,q)$, paths and cycles which contain vertices of some specified form are i…
We prove a tight upper bound on the independence polynomial (and total number of independent sets) of cubic graphs of girth at least 5. The bound is achieved by unions of the Heawood graph, the point/line incidence graph of the Fano plane. We also give a tight lower bound on the total number of independent sets of triangle-free cubic graphs. This bound is achieved by unions of the Petersen graph. We conjecture that in fact all Moore graphs are extremal for the scaled number of independent sets in regular graphs of a given minimum girth, maximizing this quantity if their girth is even and minim…
For positive integers $s,t,u,v$, we define a bipartite graph $Γ_{\mathbb{R}}(X^s Y^t,X^u Y^v)$ where each partite set is a copy of $\mathbb{R}^3$, and a vertex $(a_1,a_2,a_3)$ in the first partite set is adjacent to a vertex $[x_1,x_2,x_3]$ in the second partite set if and only if \[ a_2 + x_2 = a_1^s x_1^t \quad \text{and} \quad a_3+x_3=a_1^ux_1^v. \] In this paper, we classify all such graphs according to girth.
The focus of this paper is on discussion of a catalog of a class of (3, g) graphs for even girth g. A (k, g) graph is a graph with regular degree k and girth g. This catalog is compared with other known lists of (3, g) graphs such as the enumerations of trivalent symmetric graphs and enumerations of trivalent vertex-transitive graphs, to conclude that this catalog has graphs for more orders than these lists. This catalag also specifies a list of orders, rotational symmetry and girth for which the class of (3, g) graphs do not exist. It is also shown that this catalog of graphs extends infinite…
Unicyclic Graphs of Arbitrary Girth with the Same Chromatic Symmetric Function
研究图的色对称函数能否区分非同构单圈图，通过应用“三重删除”模关系，展示了一系列围长递增且具有相同色对称函数的非同构连通单圈图对，还给出首个具有相同色对称函数的无限二分图族。
We study minimum degree conditions for which a graph with given odd girth has a simple structure. For example, the classical work of Andrásfai, Erd\H os, and Sós implies that every $n$-vertex graph with odd girth $2k+1$ and minimum degree bigger than $\frac{2}{2k+1}n$ must be bipartite. We consider graphs with a weaker condition on the minimum degree. Generalizing results of Häggkvist and of Häggkvist and Jin for the cases $k=2$ and $3$, we show that every $n$-vertex graph with odd girth $2k+1$ and minimum degree bigger than $\frac{3}{4k}n$ is homomorphic to the cycle of length $2k+1$. This is…
We give a (computer assisted) proof that the edges of every graph with maximum degree 3 and girth at least 17 may be 5-colored (possibly improperly) so that the complement of each color class is bipartite. Equivalently, every such graph admits a homomorphism to the Clebsch graph. Hopkins and Staton and Bondy and Locke proved that every (sub)cubic graph of girth at least 4 has an edge-cut containing at least 4/5 of the edges. The existence of such an edge-cut follows immediately from the existence of a 5-edge-coloring as described above, so our theorem may be viewed as a coloring extension of t…
On the structure of dense graphs with given odd girth
研究具有奇数围长至少为2k + 1的n顶点图，通过最小度条件δ(G) > 4n/(6k - 1)得出图与4k个顶点的莫比乌斯梯子同态，加强了相关结果并回答了问题。
A little more about bipartite biregular cages, block designs, and generalized polygons
本文研究了二部双正则笼问题，利用Steiner System和广义多边形中的$t$-good结构获得了新的上下界，并精确构造了特定参数下的二部双正则笼，如56个顶点的$(3,4;8)$-笼。
A number of recent works have used a variety of combinatorial constructions to derive Tanner graphs for LDPC codes and some of these have been shown to perform well in terms of their probability of error curves and error floors. Such graphs are bipartite and many of these constructions yield biregular graphs where the degree of left vertices is a constant $c+1$ and that of the right vertices is a constant $d+1$. Such graphs are termed $(c+1,d+1)$ biregular bipartite graphs here. One property of interest in such work is the girth of the graph and the number of short cycles in the graph, cycles …
Let $k\ge 1$ be an odd integer, $t=\lfloor {{k+2}\over 4}\rfloor$, and $q$ be a prime power. We construct a bipartite, $q$-regular, edge-transitive graph $C\!D(k,q)$ of order $v \le 2q^{k-t+1}$ and girth $g \ge k+5$. If $e$ is the the number of edges of $C\!D(k,q)$, then $e =Ω(v^{1+ {1\over {k-t+1}}})$. These graphs provide the best known asymptotic lower bound for the greatest number of edges in graphs of order $v$ and girth at least $g$, $ g\ge 5$, $g \not= 11,12$. For $g\ge 24$, this represents a slight improvement on bounds established by Margulis and Lubotzky, Phillips, Sarnak; for $5\le …
A catalog of a class of (3,g) graphs for even girth g is introduced in this paper. A (k,g) graph is a regular graph with degree k and girth g. This catalog of (3,g) graphs for even girth g satisfying 6 <= g <= 16, has the following properties. Firstly, this catalog contains the smallest known (3, g) graphs. An appropriate class of cubic graphs for this catalog has been identified, such that the (3,g) graph of minimum order within the class is also the smallest known (3,g) graph. Secondly, this catalog contains (3,g) graphs for more orders than other listings. Thirdly, the class of graphs have …
A set $W\subseteq V(G)$ is called a resolving set for $G$, if for each two distinct vertices $u,v\in V(G)$ there exists $w\in W$ such that $d(u,w)\neq d(v,w)$, where $d(x,y)$ is the distance between the vertices $x$ and $y$. The minimum cardinality of a resolving set for $G$ is called the metric dimension of $G$, and denoted by $β(G)$. In this paper, it is proved that in a connected graph $G$ of order $n$ which has a cycle, $β(G)\leq n-g(G)+2$, where $g(G)$ is the length of a shortest cycle in $G$, and the equality holds if and only if $G$ is a cycle, a complete graph or a complete bipartite g…
In 2017, Qiao and Koolen showed that for any fixed integer $D\geq 3$, there are only finitely many such graphs with $θ_{\min}\leq -αk$, where $0<α<1$ is any fixed number. In this paper, we will study non-bipartite distance-regular graphs with relatively small $θ_{\min}$ compared with $k$. In particular, we will show that if $θ_{\min}$ is relatively close to $-k$, then the odd girth $g$ must be large. Also we will classify the non-bipartite distance-regular graphs with $θ_{\min} \leq \frac{D-1}{D}$ for $D =4,5$.
The Moore bound $M(k,g)$ is a lower bound on the order of $k$-regular graphs of girth $g$ (denoted $(k,g)$-graphs). The excess $e$ of a $(k,g)$-graph of order $n$ is the difference $n-M(k,g).$ A $(k,g)$-cage is a $(k,g)$-graph with the fewest possible number of vertices, among all $(k,g)$-graphs. A graph of diameter $d$ is said to be antipodal if, for any vertices $u, v, w$ such that $d(u,v)=d$ and $d(u, w)=d$, it follows that $d(v, w)=d$ or $v=w.$ In [4] Biggs and Ito proved that any $(k,g)$-cage of even girth $g=2d\geq6$ and excess $e\leq k-2$ is a bipartite graph of diameter $d+1.$ In this …
A hole is an induced cycle of length at least 4. Let $ł\ge 2$ be a positive integer, let ${\cal G}_l$ denote the family of graphs which have girth $2ł+1$ and have no holes of odd length at least $2ł+3$, and let $G\in {\cal G}_ł$. For a vertex $u\in V(G)$ and a nonempty set $S\subseteq V(G)$, let $d(u, S)=\min\{d(u, v):v\in S\}$, and let $L_i(S)=\{u\in V(G) \mbox{ and } d(u, S)=i\}$ for any integer $i\ge 0$. We show that if $G[S]$ is connected and $G[L_i(S)]$ is bipartite for each $i\in\{1, \ldots, \lfloor{ł\over 2}\rfloor\}$, then $G[L_i(S)]$ is bipartite for each $i>0$, and consequently $χ(G)…
A signed bipartite (simple) graph $(G, σ)$ is said to be $C_{-4}$-critical if it admits no homomorphism to $C_{-4}$ (a negative 4-cycle) but every proper subgraph of it does. In this work, first of all we show that the notion of 4-coloring of graphs and signed graphs is captured, through simple graph operations, by the notion of homomorphism to $C_{-4}$. In particular, the 4-color theorem is equivalent to: Given a planar graph $G$, the signed bipartite graph obtained from $G$ by replacing each edge with a negative path of length 2 maps to $C_{-4}$. We prove that, except for one particular sign…
Bounding signed bipartite partial t-trees and application to edge-coloring
本文研究了有向二分图的边界问题，并将其应用于边着色，证明了某些平面图的边着色性质。
Recently, working on the Tanner graph which represents a low density parity check (LDPC) code becomes an interesting research subject. Finding the number of short cycles of Tanner graphs motivated Blake and Lin to investigate the multiplicity of cycles of length girth in bi-regular bipartite graphs, by using the spectrum and degree distribution of the graph. Although there were many algorithms to find the number of cycles, they preferred to investigate in a computational way. Dehghan and Banihashemi counted the number of cycles of length $g+2$ and $g+4,$ where $G$ is a bi-regular bipartite gra…
Perfect Matching-Cut is the problem of deciding whether a graph has a perfect matching that contains an edge-cut. We show that this problem is NP-complete for planar graphs with maximum degree four, for planar graphs with girth five, for bipartite five-regular graphs, for graphs of diameter three and for bipartite graphs of diameter four. We show that there exist polynomial time algorithms for the following classes of graphs: claw-free, $P_5$-free, diameter two, bipartite with diameter three and graphs with bounded tree-width.
On the sum of the largest and smallest eigenvalues of graphs with high odd girth
该研究通过逼近理论证明了具有高奇数圈长的图的特征值之和上界，给出了γ_k的紧上界至多项对数因子。
Matching Cuts in Graphs of High Girth and H-Free Graphs
该研究解决了匹配割问题的20年公开难题，证明多个匹配割相关问题在高围长有界度二部图、特定无H图上是NP完全的，还得到完美匹配割在无H子图图上的完整复杂度分类。
We present a local algorithm producing an independent set of expected size $0.44533n$ on large-girth 3-regular graphs and $0.40407n$ on large-girth 4-regular graphs. We also construct a cut (or bisection or bipartite subgraph) with $1.34105n$ edges on large-girth 3-regular graphs. These decrease the gaps between the best known upper and lower bounds from $0.0178$ to $0.01$, from $0.0242$ to $0.0123$ and from $0.0724$ to $0.0616$, respectively. We are using local algorithms, therefore, the method also provides upper bounds for the fractional coloring numbers of $1 / 0.44533 \approx 2.24554$ and…
Semicubic cages and small graphs of even girth from voltage graphs
本文针对偶围长小阶半立方图的构造问题，采用粘合立方笼的推广方法与基于$\boldsymbol{\rm Z}_{m}$电压图的核心技术，构造了多族不同偶围长的半立方图，部分实例达到已知最优界。
On the sum of the largest and smallest eigenvalues of odd-cycle free graphs
本文研究无奇数环图中最大与最小邻接特征值之和，将 Csikvári 对奇围长 5 的界推广到一般奇围长 $k$，并给出奇围长 7 时更紧的数值上界。
Let $k,l,m,n$, and $μ$ be positive integers. A $\mathbb{Z}_μ$--{\it scheme of valency} $(k,l)$ and {\it order} $(m,n)$ is a $m \times n$ array $(S_{ij})$ of subsets $S_{ij} \subseteq \mathbb{Z}_μ$ such that for each row and column one has $\sum_{j=1}^n |S_{ij}| = k $ and $\sum_{i=1}^m |S_{ij}| = l$, respectively. Any such scheme is an algebraic equivalent of a $(k,l)$-semi-regular bipartite voltage graph with $n$ and $m$ vertices in the bipartition sets and voltages coming from the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_μ$. We are interested in the subclass of $\mathbb{Z}_μ$--schemes that are characterized …
A strong edge-coloring $φ$ of a graph $G$ assigns colors to edges of $G$ such that $φ(e_1)\ne φ(e_2)$ whenever $e_1$ and $e_2$ are at distance no more than 1. It is equivalent to a proper vertex coloring of the square of the line graph of $G$. In 1990 Faudree, Schelp, Gyárfás, and Tuza conjectured that if $G$ is a bipartite graph with maximum degree 3 and sufficiently large girth, then $G$ has a strong edge-coloring with at most 5 colors. In 2021 this conjecture was disproved by Lužar, Mačajová, Škoviera, and Soták. Here we give an alternative construction to disprove the conjecture.
We prove inequalities between the densities of various bipartite subgraphs in signed graphs and graphons. One of the main inequalities is that the density of any bipartite graph with girth r cannot exceed the density of the r-cycle. This study is motivated by Sidorenko's conjecture, which states that the density of a bipartite graph F with m edges in any graph G is at least the m-th power of the edge density of G. Another way of stating this is that the graph G with given edge density minimizing the number of copies of F is, asymptotically, a random graph. We prove that this is true locally, i…
Independent Locating-Dominating Sets in Pseudotrees
研究伪树中独立定位支配集的存在性，证明girth为4的图可能无ILD集，且在树和单环图中提供ILD集的存在条件及算法。
A bipartite graph is {\em pseudo 2--factor isomorphic} if all its 2--factors have the same parity of number of circuits. In \cite{ADJLS} we proved that the only essentially 4--edge-connected pseudo 2--factor isomorphic cubic bipartite graph of girth 4 is $K_{3,3}$, and conjectured \cite[Conjecture 3.6]{ADJLS} that the only essentially 4--edge-connected cubic bipartite graphs are $K_{3,3}$, the Heawood graph and the Pappus graph. There exists a characterization of symmetric configurations $n_3$ %{\bf decide notation and how to use it in the rest of the paper} due to Martinetti (1886) in which a…
Locally bipartite subgraphs via multicolor Ramsey numbers
该研究针对Erdős-Hajnal猜想，改进了$f_4(k)$的上界，还证明了奇数$g\ge5$时对应函数$h_g(k)$的增长性，证实了Mohar和Wu2018年的相关猜想。
Asymptotic Spectral Bounds under Odd-Girth Constraints
本文研究奇围约束下图的最大与最小特征值之和的渐近上界，通过抽象矩问题证明其上确界介于$(1-o(1))(\log g)^2/g^3$和$(10/7+o(1))(\log g)^2/g^3$之间，并对正则图给出最优界。
Optimal girth-dependent bounds for the Bethe approximation of the permanent
针对非负矩阵永久值的Bethe近似，研究人员证实Anari的猜想，给出了基于二分支撑图围长g（g≥4）的最优界，细化了原有通用比较关系，该上界在g-环不交并邻接矩阵上达到。
Spectral bipartiteness in generalized odd graphs of diameter three
该研究确定了直径为三、奇围长至少七的非二部距离正则图中谱不变量σ(G)的前三个最大值，分别由折叠7立方体、奇图O_4和C_7取得，并证明其余图均小于1/36，解决了相关公开问题。
A Hall-type condition for path covers in bipartite graphs
本文研究二分图中覆盖X部顶点所需不相交路径数的上界问题，提出基于|S|-|Λ(S)|最大值的Hall型充分条件猜想，证明其在森林、最大度3及高围长正则图中成立，且对问题的遗传版本是必要的。
A \textit{maximum stable set} in a graph $G$ is a stable set of maximum cardinality. $S$ is a \textit{local maximum stable set} of $G$, and we write $S\inΨ(G)$, if $S$ is a maximum stable set of the subgraph induced by $S\cup N(S)$, where $N(S)$ is the neighborhood of $S$. Nemhauser and Trotter Jr. (1975), proved that any $S\inΨ(G)$ is a subset of a maximum stable set of $G$. In (Levit & Mandrescu, 2002) we have shown that the family $Ψ(T)$ of a forest $T$ forms a greedoid on its vertex set. The cases where $G$ is bipartite, triangle-free, well-covered, while $Ψ(G)$ is a greedoid, were analyze…
Ricci curvature was proposed by Ollivier in a general framework of metric measure spaces, and it has been studied extensively in the context of graphs in recent years. In this paper we prove upper bounds for Ollivier's Ricci curvature for bipartite graphs and for the graphs with girth at least 5. We also prove a general lower bound on the Ricci curvature in terms of the size of the maximum matching in an appropriate subgraph. As a consequence, we characterize the Ricci-flat graphs of girth 5. Moreover, using our general lower bound and the Birkhoff-von Neumann theorem, we give a necessary and …
The Gray graph is pseudo 2-factor isomorphic
本文证明Gray图是伪2-因子同构猜想的反例，该图有54个顶点和8的圈长，是目前已知的第二大反例。通过计算机搜索验证了在特定圈长和顶点数范围内的反例不存在。
A (k, g) graph is a graph with regular degree k and girth g. The cage problem refers to finding the smallest (k, g) graph. The (3, 14) cage problem is known to be unresolved. In 2002, Exoo found a (3, 14) record graph with order 384. The trivalent cage problem is restricted in this paper to the Hamiltonian bipartite class of trivalent graphs. A parameter called symmetry factor for representing rotational symmetry is introduced in this paper. The general problem of finding a (3, g) Hamiltonian bipartite graph of minimum order is further decomposed into a set of sub-problems for finding (3, g) H…
A graph $G$ is $F$-saturated if it contains no copy of $F$ as a subgraph but the addition of any new edge to $G$ creates a copy of $F$. We prove that for $s \geq 3$ and $t \geq 2$, the minimum number of copies of $K_{1,t}$ in a $K_s$-saturated graph is $Θ( n^{t/2})$. More precise results are obtained when $t = 2$ where the problem is related to Moore graphs with diameter 2 and girth 5. We prove that for $s \geq 4$ and $t \geq 3$, the minimum number of copies of $K_{2,t}$ in an $n$-vertex $K_s$-saturated graph is at least $Ω( n^{t/5 + 8/5})$ and at most $O(n^{t/2 + 3/2})$. These results answer …
A theorem of Mader shows that every graph with average degree at least eight has a $K_6$ minor, and this is false if we replace eight by any smaller constant. Replacing average degree by minimum degree seems to make little difference: we do not know whether all graphs with minimum degree at least seven have $K_6$ minors, but minimum degree six is certainly not enough. For every $c>0$ there are arbitrarily large graphs with average degree at least $8-c$ and minimum degree at least six, with no $K_6$ minor. But what if we restrict ourselves to bipartite graphs? The first statement remains true: …
Cubic graphs with no eigenvalues in the interval (-2,0)
本文完整刻画了在区间(-2,0)内无特征值的三次图，证明其仅包含一个无限族和五个零星图，并通过围长情形分析结合计算机验证完成分类。
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