The main result of this paper is the following: let d be a natural number >= 3; the line bundle O(1,...,1) on the product of d copies of the projective line P^1 satisfies Property N_p of Green-Lazarsfeld if and only if p <= 3.
We study syzygies of the Segre embedding of P(V_1) x ... x P(V_n), and prove two finiteness results. First, for fixed p but varying n and V_i, there is a finite list of "master p-syzygies" from which all other p-syzygies can be derived by simple substitutions. Second, we define a power series f_p with coefficients in something like the Schur algebra, which contains essentially all the information of p-syzygies of Segre embeddings (for all n and V_i), and show that it is a rational function. The list of master p-syzygies and the numerator and denominator of f_p can be computed algorithmically (…
We construct a nonminimal graded free resolution of Segre embeddings of $P^1\times P^1$, although we don't compute all maps. We use this to prove an explicit formula for certain nonzero entries in the graded Betti table, at the end of the first row. We work over an arbitrary field $k$.
We analyze the vanishing and non-vanishing behavior of the graded Betti numbers for Segre embeddings of products of projective spaces. We give lower bounds for when each of the rows of the Betti table becomes non-zero, and prove that our bounds are tight for Segre embeddings of products of P^1. This generalizes results of Rubei concerning the Green-Lazarsfeld property N_p for Segre embeddings. Our methods combine the Kempf-Weyman geometric technique for computing syzygies, the Ein-Erman-Lazarsfeld approach to proving non-vanishing of Betti numbers, and the theory of algebras with straightening…
The rational homology groups of the packing complexes are important in algebraic geometry since they control the syzygies of line bundles on projective embeddings of products of projective spaces (Segre--Veronese varieties). These complexes are a common generalization of the multidimensional chessboard complexes and of the matching complexes of complete uniform hypergraphs, whose study has been a topic of interest in combinatorial topology. We prove that the multivariate version of representation stability, a notion recently introduced and studied by Church and Farb, holds for the homology gro…
This paper deals with syzygies of Segre embeddings. Let d >=3 and n_1, ..., n_d nonzero natural numbers. We prove that O(1,...., 1) on the product of P^{n_1}, ...,P^{n_d} satisfies Property N_p if and only if p <= 3.
We prove that the Veronese embedding of P^n of degree d with n\ge 2, d\ge 3 does not satisfy property N_p (according to Green and Lazarsfeld) if p\ge 3d-2. We conjecture that the converse holds. This is true for n=2 and for n=d=3.
We use the language of multiplier ideals in order to relate the syzygies of an abelian variety in a suitable embedding with the local positivity of the line bundle inducing that embedding. This extends to higher syzygies a result of Hwang and To on projective normality.
Our goal is to study the syzygies of the projective embeddings defined by ample line bundles on a fake projective plane S. The syzygies are studied in terms of the property $N_p$. For various kinds of ample line bundles, we give explicit lower bounds for their powers above which the property $N_p$ is satisfied.
In this work we explicitly calculate syzygies of quadratic Veronese embedding $\mathbb{P}(V)\subset\mathbb{P}(\operatorname{Sym}^2V)$ as representations of the group $\operatorname{GL}(V)$. Also resolutions of the sheaves $\mathscr{O}_{\mathbb{P}(V)}(i)$ are constructed in the category $D(\mathbb{P}(\operatorname{Sym}^2V))$.
Let $X \subset ¶^r$ be a nondegenerate projective variety and let $ν_{\ell} : ¶^r \to ¶^N$ be the $\ell$-th Veronese embedding. In this paper we study the higher normality, defining equations and syzygies among them for the projective embedding $ν_{\ell} (X) \subset ¶^N$. We obtain that for a very ample line bundle $L \in {Pic}X$ such that $X \subset ¶H^0 (X,L)$ is $m$-regular in the sense of Castelnuovo-Mumford, $(X,L^{\ell})$ satisfies property $N_{\ell}$ for all $\ell \geq m$ (Theorem \ref{thm:main1}). This is a generalization of M. Green's work that $(¶^r,\mathcal{O}_{¶^r} (\ell))$ satisfi…
We show that vanishing of asymptotic p-th syzygies implies p-very ampleness for line bundles on arbitrary projective schemes. For smooth surfaces we prove that the converse holds when p is small, by studying the Bridgeland-King-Reid-Haiman correspondence for tautological bundles on the Hilbert scheme of points. This extends previous results of Ein-Lazarsfeld, Ein-Lazarsfeld-Yang and gives a partial answer to some of their questions. As an application of our results, we show how to use syzygies to bound the irrationality of a variety.
A key result for syzygies of curves is Voisin's proof of Green's conjecture for the canonical embedding of a general curve of any genus. Her primary tools were the Lazarsfeld Mukai bundle on a K3 surface and a representation of Koszul cohomology on the Hilbert scheme of points on the surface. In this note we construct representations of the Koszul complex on Grassmann varieties; Voisin's setup arises as the inverse image of one of the maps. Using a different map, we give a substantially shorter proof of Voisin's result for K3 surfaces of even sectional genus.
Ein and Lazarsfeld have shown that one can read off the gonality of an algebraic curve from its syzygies in the embedding defined by any one line bundle of sufficiently large degree. This note extends their approach and shows that the gonality can be detected from the syzygies of an embedding by any line bundle of degree at least 4g-3.
This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of the syzygies of a smooth projective variety X as the positivity of the embedding line bundle grows. We prove that as least as far as grading is concerned, the minimal resolution of the ideal of X has a surprisingly uniform asymptotic shape: roughly speaking, generators eventually appear in almost all degrees permitted by Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity. This suggests in particular that a widely-accepted intuition derived from the case of curves -- namely that syzygies become simpler as the degree of the embedding increases -- may have been misleadin…
We study the syzygies of secant ideals of Veronese subrings of a fixed commutative graded algebra over a field of characteristic 0. One corollary is that the degrees of the minimal generators of the ith syzygy module of the coordinate ring of the rth secant variety of any Veronese embedding of a projective scheme X can be bounded by a constant that only depends on i, r, and X, and not on the choice of the Veronese embedding.
We prove that there is no g for which the canonical embedding of a general curve of genus g lies on the Segre embedding of any product of three or more projective spaces.
In recent years, the equations defining secant varieties and their syzygies have attracted considerable attention. The purpose of the present paper is to conduct a thorough study on secant varieties of curves by settling several conjectures and revealing interaction between singularities and syzygies. The main results assert that if the degree of the embedding line bundle of a nonsingular curve of genus $g$ is greater than $2g+2k+p$ for nonnegative integers $k$ and $p$, then the $k$-th secant variety of the curve has normal Du Bois singularities, is arithmetically Cohen--Macaulay, and satisfie…
We provide a number of new conjectures and questions concerning the syzygies of $\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1$. The conjectures are based on computing the graded Betti tables and related data for large number of different embeddings of $\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1$. These computations utilize linear algebra over finite fields and high-performance computing.
The goal of this article is to study the equations and syzygies of embeddings of rational surfaces and certain Fano varieties. Given a rational surface X and an ample and base-point-free line bundle L on X, we give an optimal numerical criterion for L to satisfy property Np. This criterion turns out to be a characterization of property Np if X is anticanonical. We also prove syzygy results for adjunction bundles and a Reider type theorem for higher syzygies. For certain Fano varieties we also prove results on very ampleness and higher syzygies.
Let X be a smooth projective variety and let K be the canonical divisor of X. In this paper, we study embeddings of X given by adjoint line bundles of the form K+L, where L is an ample line bundle. When X is a regular surface (i.e. H^1(X, O_X) = 0), we obtain a numerical criterion for K+L to have property Np. When X is a regular variety of arbitrary dimension, under a mild condition, we give an explicit calculation for the regularity of the ideal sheaves of such embeddings.
We give a quick new approach to the main cases of the nonvanishing theorems of first and third authors concerning the asymptotic behavior of the syzygies of a projective variety as the positivity of the embedding line bundle grows. Specifically, we present a surprisingly elementary and concrete proof of the asymptotic nonvanishing of Veronese syzygies, and we obtain effective results for arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay varieties. The idea is that one can reduce the statements to some simple computations with monomials.
We study the asymptotic non-vanishing of syzygies for products of projective spaces. Generalizing the monomial methods of Ein, Erman, and Lazarsfeld \cite{einErmanLazarsfeld16} we give an explicit range in which the graded Betti numbers of $\mathbb{P}^{n_1}\times \mathbb{P}^{n_2}$ embedded by $\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{n_1}\times\mathbb{P}^{n_2}}(d_1,d_2)$ are non-zero. These bounds provide the first example of how the asymptotic syzygies of a smooth projective variety whose embedding line bundle grows in a semi-ample fashion behave in nuanced and previously unseen ways.
This paper deals with syzygies of the ideals of the Veronese embeddings. We prove that O(3) on P^n satisfies Property N_4 for every n. Besides we prove that O(d) on P^n satisfies N_p for all n >= p iff O(d) on P^p satisfies N_p.
Using multigraded Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, we study the equations defining a projective embedding of a variety X. Given globally generated line bundles B_1, ..., B_k on X and integers m_1, ..., m_k, consider the line bundle L := B_1^m_1 \otimes ... \otimes B_k^m_k. We give conditions on the m_i which guarantee that the ideal of X in P(H^0(X,L)) is generated by quadrics and the first p syzygies are linear. This yields new results on the syzygies of toric varieties and the normality of polytopes.
We show that a small variant of the methods used by Voisin in her study of canonical curves leads to a surprisingly quick proof of the gonality conjecture of Green and the second author, asserting that one can read off the gonality of a curve C from its resolution in the embedding defined by any one line bundle of sufficiently large degree. More generally, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotic vanishing of the weight one syzygies of the module associated to an arbitrary line bundle on C.
For a vector bundle $\mathcal{E}$ of rank $n+1$ over a smooth projective curve $C$ of genus $g$, let $X=¶_C (\mathcal{E})$ with projection map $π:X\to C$. In this paper we investigate the minimal free resolution of homogeneous coordinate rings of $X$. We first clarify the relations between higher syzygies of very ample line bundles on $X$ and higher syzygies of Veronese embedding of fibres of $π$ by the same line bundle. More precisely, letting $H = \mathcal{O}_{¶_C (\mathcal{E})} (1)$ be the tautological line bundle, we prove that if $(¶^n,\mathcal{O}_{¶^n} (a))$ satisfies Property $N_p$, the…
Segre embedding was introduced by C. Segre (1863--1924) in his famous 1891 article \cite{segre}. The Segre embedding plays an important roles in algebraic geometry as well as in differential geometry, mathematical physics, and coding theory. In this article, we survey main results on Segre embedding in differential geometry. Moreover, we also present recent differential geometric results on maps and immersions which are constructed in ways similar to Segre embedding.
We study the dimension of the higher secant varieties $X^s$ of ${\Bbb X} = {\Bbb P}^{n_1}\times ...\times {\Bbb P}^{n_t}$ embedded the morphism given by ${\cal O}_{\Bbb X}({a_1,...,a_t})$. We call it a {\it Segre-Veronese variety} and the embedding a {\it Segre-Veronese embedding}. In several cases (e.g. for 3 factors {\Bbb P}^{1}, or when $s$ is small) we show that $X^s$ has the expected dimension except for a few cases. A list of examples of defective $X^s$'s is given.
This paper studies the regularity of certain coherent sheaves that arise naturally from Segre-Veronese embeddings of a product of projective spaces. We give an explicit formula for the regularity of these sheaves and show that their regularity is subadditive. We then apply our results to study the Tate resolutions of these sheaves.
We give an explicit description of the terms and differentials of the Tate resolution of sheaves arising from Segre embeddings of $¶^a\times¶^b$. We prove that the maps in this Tate resolution are either coming from Sylvester-type maps, or from Bezout-type maps arising from the so-called toric Jacobian.
We study curves consisting of unions of projective lines whose intersections are given by graphs. Under suitable hypotheses on the graph, these so-called \emph{graph curves} can be embedded in projective space as line arrangements. We discuss property $N_p$ for these embeddings and are able to produce products of linear forms that generate the ideal in certain cases. We also briefly discuss questions regarding the higher-dimensional subspace arrangements obtained by taking the secant varieties of graph curves.
In the present paper, we consider upper bounds of higher linear syzygies i.e. graded Betti numbers in the first linear strand of the minimal free resolutions of projective varieties in arbitrary characteristic. For this purpose, we first remind `Partial Elimination Ideals (PEIs)' theory and introduce a new framework in which one can study the syzygies of embedded projective schemes well using PEIs theory and the reduction method via inner projections. Next we establish fundamental inequalities which govern the relations between the graded Betti numbers in the first linear strand of an algebrai…
We describe the syzygy spaces for the Segre embedding $\mathbb{P}(U)\times\mathbb{P}(V)\subset\mathbb{P}(U\otimes V)$ in terms of representations of ${\rm GL}(U)\times {\rm GL}(V)$ and construct the minimal resolutions of the sheaves $\mathscr{O}_{\mathbb{P}(U)\times\mathbb{P}(V)}(a,b)$ in $D(\mathbb{P}(U\otimes V))$ for $a\geqslant-\dim(U)$ and $b\geqslant-\dim(V)$. Also we prove some property of multiplication on syzygy spaces of the Segre embedding.
Inspired by the methods of Voisin, the first two authors recently proved that one could read off the gonality of a curve C from the syzygies of its ideal in any one embedding of sufficiently large degree. This was deduced from from a vanishing theorem for the asymptotic syzygies associated to an arbitrary line bundle B on C. The present paper extends this vanishing theorem to a smooth projective variety X of arbitrary dimension. Specifically, given a line bundle B on X, we prove that if B is p-jet very ample (i.e. the sections of B separate jets of total weight p+1) then the weight one Koszul …
We prove that a product of $m>5$ copies of $\PP^1$, embedded in the projective space $\PP^r$ by the standard Segre embedding, is $k$-identifiable (i.e. a general point of the secant variety $S^k(X)$ is contained in only one $(k+1)$-secant $k$-space), for all $k$ such that $k+1\leq 2^{m-1}/m$.
We give an upper bound for the rank of the border rank 3 partially symmetric tensors. In the special case of border rank 3 tensors $T\in V_1\otimes \cdots \otimes V_k$ (Segre case) we can show that all ranks among 3 and $k-1$ arise and if $\dim V_i \geq 3$ for all $i$'s, then also all the ranks between $k$ and $2k-1$ arise.
We study a class obtained from the Segre class $s(Z,Y)$ of an embedding of schemes by incorporating the datum of a line bundle on $Z$. This class satisfies basic properties analogous to the ordinary Segre class, but leads to remarkably simple formulas in standard intersection-theoretic situations such as excess or residual intersections. We prove a formula for the behavior of this class under linear joins, and use this formula to prove that a `Segre zeta function' associated with ideals generated by forms of the same degree is a rational function.
Monomial ideals and toric rings are closely related. By consider a Grobner basis we can always associated to any ideal $I$ in a polynomial ring a monomial ideal ${\rm in}_\prec I$, in some special situations the monomial ideal ${\rm in}_\prec I$ is square free. On the other hand given any monomial ideal $I$ of a polynomial ring $S$, we can define the toric $K[I]\subset S$. In this paper we will study toric rings defined by Segre embeddings, we will prove that their $h-$ vectors coincides with the so called Simon Newcomb number's in probabilities and combinatorics. We solve the original questio…
We study the number of (set-theoretically) defining equations of Segre products of projective spaces times certain projective hypersurfaces, extending results by Singh and Walther. Meanwhile, we prove some results about the cohomological dimension of certain schemes. In particular, we solve a conjecture of Lyubeznik about an inequality involving the cohomological dimension and the etale cohomological dimension of a scheme, in the characteristic-zero-case and under a smoothness assumption. Furthermore, we show that a relationship between depth and cohomological dimension discovered by Peskine a…
We show that the log canonical bundle, $κ$, of $\bar M_{0,n}$ is very ample, show the homogeneous coordinate ring is Koszul, and give a nice set of rank 4 quadratic generators for the homogeneous ideal: The embedding is equivariant for the symmetric group, and the image lies on many Segre embedded copies of $P^1 \times P^2 \times ... \times P^{n-3}$, permuted by the symmetric group. The homogeneous ideal of $\bar M_{0,n}$ is the sum of the homogeneous ideals of these Segre embeddings.
In many cases (e.g. for many Segre or Segre embeddings of multiprojective spaces) we prove that a hypersurface of the $b$-secant variety of $X\subset \mathbb {P}^r$ has $X$-rank $>b$. We prove it proving that the $X$-rank of a general point of the join of $b-2$ copies of $X$ and the tangential variety of $X$ is $>b$.
Let $SV^{\pmb n}_{\pmb d}$ be the Segre-Veronese given as the image of the embedding induced by the line bundle $\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{n_1}\times\dots\times\mathbb{P}^{n_r}}(d_1,\dots, d_r)$. We prove that asymptotically $SV^{\pmb n}_{\pmb d}$ is not $h$-defective for $h\leq n_1^{\lfloor \log_2(d-1)\rfloor}$.
Let P^n be the projective space of dimension n on an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and F be the image of the Segre embedding of P^1xP^1xP^1 inside P^7. In the present paper we deal with the moduli spaces of locally free sheaves E on F of rank 2 with h^i(F,E(t))=0 for i=1,2 and each integer t.
This paper is mainly concerned with applying the theory of M-regularity developed in the previous math.AG/0110003 to the study of linear series given by multiples of ample line bundles on abelian varieties. We define a new invariant of a line bundle, called M-regularity index, which is seen to govern the higher order properties and (partly conjecturally) the defining equations of such embeddings. We prove a general result on the behavior of higher syzygies in embeddings given by multiples of ample bundles whose base locus has no fixed components, extending a conjecture of Lazarsfeld known to b…
Let X be a nonsingular arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective scheme, Z a nonsingular subscheme of X. Let π: Y --> X be the blowup of X along the ideal sheaf of Z, E_0 the pull-back of a general hyperplane in X and E the exceptional divisor. In this paper, we study projective embeddings of Y given by the divisor tE_0 - eE. We give explicit values of d and δsuch that for all e > 0 and t > ed + δ, these embeddings is projectively normal and arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. We also study the regularity of the ideal sheaf and syzygies of these embeddings. When X is a surface and Z is a 0-dimension…
If $\X \subset ¶^n$ is a reduced and irreducible projective variety, it is interesting to find the equations describing the (higher) secant varieties of $\X$. In this paper we find those equations in the following cases: $\X = ¶^{n_1}\times...\times¶^{n_t}\times¶^n$ is the Segre embedding of the product and $n$ is "large" with respect to the $n_i$ (Theorem 2.4); $\X$ is a Segre-Veronese embedding of some products with 2 or three factors; $\X$ is a Del Pezzo surface.
The syzygies of the d-th Veronese embedding of $\mathbb P(V)$ are functors of the complex vector space V. From a certain perspective, we show that as d grows, their Schur functor decomposition is very rich whenever they are not zero. This is deduced from an asymptotic study of related plethysms. We also obtain other results related to a question of Ein and Lazarsfeld.
On a reduced analytic space $X$ we introduce the concept of a generalized cycle, which extends the notion of a formal sum of analytic subspaces to include also a form part. We then consider a suitable equivalence relation and corresponding quotient $\mathcal{B}(X)$ that we think of as an analogue of the Chow group and a refinement of de Rham cohomology. This group allows us to study both global and local intersection theoretic properties. We provide many $\mathcal{B}$-analogues of classical intersection theoretic constructions: For an analytic subspace $V\subset X$ we define a $\mathcal{B}$-Se…
We give the parameters of any evaluation code on a smooth quadric surface. For hyperbolic quadrics the approach uses elementary results on product codes and the parameters of codes on elliptic quadrics are obtained by detecting a BCH structure of these codes and using the BCH bound. The elliptic quadric is a twist of the surface P^1 x P^1 and we detect a similar BCH structure on twists of the Segre embedding of a product of any d copies of the projective line.
We classify the orbits of elements of the tensor product spaces ${\mathbb{F}}^2\otimes {\mathbb{F}}^3 \otimes {\mathbb{F}}^3$ for all finite; real; and algebraically closed fields under the action of two natural groups. The result can also be interpreted as the classification of the orbits in the $17$-dimensional projective space of the Segre variety product of a projective line and two projective planes. This extends the classification of the orbits in the $7$-dimensional projective space of the Segre variety product of three projective lines [M. Lavrauw and J. Sheekey: Orbits of the stabilis…
A central question in invariant theory is that of determining the relations among invariants. Geometric invariant theory quotients come with a natural ample line bundle, and hence often a natural projective embedding. This question translates to determining the equations of the moduli space under this embedding. This note deals with one of the most classical quotients, the space of ordered points on the projective line. We show that under any linearization, this quotient is cut out (scheme-theoretically) by a particularly simple set of quadric relations, with the single exception of the Segre …
Let $X^{(n,m)}_{(1,d)}$ denote the Segre-Veronese embedding of $\mathbb{P}^n \times \mathbb{P}^m$ via the sections of the sheaf $\mathcal{O}(1,d)$. We study the dimensions of higher secant varieties of $X^{(n,m)}_{(1,d)}$ and we prove that there is no defective $s^{th}$ secant variety, except possibly for $n$ values of $s$. Moreover when ${m+d \choose d}$ is multiple of $(m+n+1)$, the $s^{th}$ secant variety of $X^{(n,m)}_{(1,d)}$ has the expected dimension for every $s$.