Let $M$ be a simply-connected closed manifold of dimension $\geq 5$ which does not admit a metric with positive scalar curvature. We give necessary conditions for $M$ to admit a scalar-flat metric. These conditions involve the first Pontrjagin class and the cohomology ring of $M$. As a consequence any simply-connected scalar-flat manifold of dimension $\geq 5$ with vanishing first Pontrjagin class admits a metric with positive scalar curvature. We also describe some relations between scalar-flat metrics, almost complex structures and the free loop space.
A piecewise flat manifold is a triangulated manifold given a geometry by specifying edge lengths (lengths of 1-simplices) and specifying that all simplices are Euclidean. We consider the variation of angles of piecewise flat manifolds as the geometry varies in a particular way, which we call a conformal variation. This variation generalizes variations within the class of circles with fixed intersection angles (such as circle packings) as well as other formulations of conformal variation of piecewise flat manifolds previously suggested. We describe the angle derivatives of the angles in two and…
We classify radial scalar flat metrics with constant third coeffcient of its TYZ expansion. As a byproduct of our analysis we provide a characterization of Simanca's scalar flat metric.
In this paper we study the behaviour of scalar flat Kähler ALE spaces and their ADM mass under blow ups. In particular we prove that by blowing up sufficiently many points at sufficiently big mutual distance one can produce scalar flat metrics with arbitrarily large ADM mass. A general machinery for producing scalar flat non Ricci flat ALE spaces of zero ADM mass is also presented, using and integrating previous work by Rollin-Singer and Hein-LeBrun.
We describe the topology of the moduli spaces of flat metrics for all the 3-dimensional closed manifolds. We give an algebraic description of the moduli spaces for the 4-dimensional closed flat manifolds with a single generator in their holonomy and, in some cases, also study their topology.
We study "flat knot types" of geodesics on compact surfaces M^2. For every flat knot type and any Riemannian metric g we introduce a Conley index associated with the curve shortening flow on the space of immersed curves on M^2. We conclude existence of closed geodesics with prescribed flat knot types, provided the associated Conley index is nontrivial.
In this note, we consider the isoperimetric inequality on an asymptotically flat manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature, and improve it by using Hawking mass. We also obtain a rigidity result when equality holds for the classical isoperimetric inequality on an asymptotically flat manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature.
Inspired by the work of F. Hang and X. Wang and partial results by S. Raulot, we prove a scalar curvature rigitidy result for locally conformally flat manifolds with boundary in the spirit of the well-known Min-Oo conjecture.
Abreu-Sena-Dias have constructed two distinct families of scalar-flat Kähler non-compact toric metrics using Donaldson's rephrasing of Joyce's construction in action-angle coordinates. In this paper and using the same set-up, we show that these are the only J-complete scalar-flat Kähler metrics on any given strictly unbounded toric surface. We also show that the asymptotic behaviour of such a metric determines it uniquely.
Oberwolfach Workshop Report: Analysis, Geometry and Topology of Positive Scalar Curvature Metrcs: Limits of sequences of manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature and other hypotheses
Let $(M, g)$ be an asymptotically flat Riemannian $3$-manifold with non-negative scalar curvature and positive mass. We show that each leaf of the canonical foliation through stable constant mean curvature surfaces of the end of $(M, g)$ is uniquely isoperimetric for the volume it encloses.
We construct new explicit toric scalar-flat K{ä}hler ALE metrics on weighted projective spaces of non-compact type, which we use to obtain smooth extremal K{ä}hler metrics on appropriate resolutions of orbifolds. In particular, we obtain new extremal metrics certain resolutions of weighted projective spaces of compact type.
We consider two cases of the asymptotically flat scalar-flat Yamabe problem on a non-compact manifold with boundary, in dimension $n\geq3$. First, following arguments of Cantor and Brill in the compact case, we show that given an asymptotically flat metric $g$, there is a conformally equivalent asymptotically flat scalar-flat metric that agrees with $g$ on the boundary. We then replace the metric boundary condition with a condition on the mean curvature: Given a function $f$ on the boundary that is not too large, we show that there is an asymptotically flat scalar-flat metric, conformally equi…
Given a hypersurface $M$ of null scalar curvature in the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^n$, $n\ge 4$, such that its second fundamental form has rank greater than 2, we construct a singular scalar-flat hypersurface in $\Rr^{n+1}$ as a normal graph over a truncated cone generated by $M$. Furthermore, this graph is 1-stable if the cone is strictly 1-stable.
We classify compact conformally flat $n$-dimensional manifolds with constant positive scalar curvature and satisfying an optimal integral pinching condition: they are covered isometrically by either $\mathbb{S}^{n}$ with the round metric, $\mathbb{S}^{1}\times \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ with the product metric or $\mathbb{S}^{1}\times \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ with a rotationally symmetric Derdziński metric.
In this paper, we study conformally flat hypersurfaces of dimension $n(\geq 4)$ in $\mathbb{S}^{n+1}$ using the framework of Möbius geometry. First, we classify and explicitly express the conformally flat hypersurfaces of dimension $n(\geq 4)$ with constant Möbius scalar curvature under the Möbius transformation group of $\mathbb{S}^{n+1}$. Second, we prove that if the conformally flat hypersurface with constant Möbius scalar curvature $R$ is compact, then $$R=(n-1)(n-2)r^2, ~~0<r<1,$$ and the compact conformally flat hypersurface is Möbius equivalent to the torus $$\mathbb{ S}^1(\sqrt{1-r^2})…
We derive an integral inequality between the mean curvature and the scalar curvature of the boundary of any scalar flat conformal compactifications of Poincar{é}-Einstein manifolds. As a first consequence , we obtain a sharp lower bound for the first eigenvalue of the conformal half-Laplacian of the boundary of such manifolds. Secondly, a new upper bound for the renormalized volume is given in the four dimensional setting. Finally, some estimates on the first eigenvalues of Dirac operators are also deduced.
In this paper, we prove some rigidity theorems for compact Bach-flat $n$-manifold with the positive constant scalar curvature. In particular, our conditions in Theorem 1.4 have the additional properties of being sharp.
We show that the total space of any affine $\mathbb{C}$-bundle over $\mathbb{CP}^1$ with negative degree admits an ALE scalar-flat Kähler metric. Here the degree of an affine bundle means the negative of the self-intersection number of the section at infinity in a natural compactification of the bundle, and so for line bundles it agrees with the usual notion of the degree.
In this article, we prove that a quotient of a K3 surface by a free Z_2+Z_2 action does not admit any metric of positive scalar curvature. This shows that the scalar flat anti self-dual metrics (SF-ASD) on this manifold can not be obtained from a family of metrics for which the scalar curvature changes sign, contrary to the previously known constructions of this kind of metrics on manifolds of b+=0.
We establish a gluing theorem for solutions of a Yamabe problem for manifolds with boundary studied by Escobar in the 90's. Given two scalar-flat Riemannian manifolds whose boundary has zero mean curvature and sharing a submanifold $K$, we produce the generalized connected sum along $K$. On this third manifold we produce a family of scalar-flat metrics with small, constant mean curvature on the boundary which are close to the original metrics in the $C^2$ sense. Under extra geometric conditions on the original manifolds, we can arrange for this family to also have vanishing mean curvature on t…
Let $X$ be a ruled surface over a curve of genus $g$. We prove that $X$ has a scalar-flat Hermitian metric if and only if $g\geq 2$ and $m(X)>2-2g$ where $m(X)$ is an intrinsic number depends on the complex structure of $X$.
In 1993, Bartnik introduced a quasi-spherical construction of metrics of prescribed scalar curvature on 3-manifolds. Under quasi-spherical ansatz, the problem is converted into the initial value problem for a semi-linear parabolic equation of the lapse function. The original ansatz of Bartnik started with a background foliation with round metrics on the 2-sphere leaves. This has been generalized by several authors under various assumptions on the background foliation. In this article, we consider background foliations given by conformal round metrics, and by the Ricci flow on 2-spheres. We dis…
There are many known examples of scalar-flat Kähler ALE surfaces, all of which have group at infinity either cyclic or contained in ${\rm{SU}}(2)$. The main result in this paper shows that for any non-cyclic finite subgroup $Γ\subset {\rm{U}}(2)$ containing no complex reflections, there exist scalar-flat Kähler ALE metrics on the minimal resolution of $\mathbb{C}^2 / Γ$, for which $Γ$ occurs as the group at infinity. Furthermore, we show that these metrics admit a holomorphic isometric circle action. It is also shown that there exist scalar-flat Kähler ALE metrics with respect to some small de…
We prove a Kuranishi-type theorem for deformations of complex structures on ALE Kähler surfaces. This is used to prove that for any scalar-flat Kähler ALE surface, all small deformations of complex structure also admit scalar-flat Kähler ALE metrics. A local moduli space of scalar-flat Kähler ALE metrics is then constructed, which is shown to be universal up to small diffeomorphisms (that is, diffeomorphisms which are close to the identity in a suitable sense). A formula for the dimension of the local moduli space is proved in the case of a scalar-flat Kähler ALE surface which deforms to a min…
In a recent paper Donaldson explains how to use an older construction of Joyce to obtain four dimensional local models for scalar-flat Kahler metrics with a 2-torus symmetry. Using this idea, he recovers and generalizes the Taub-NUT metric by including it in a new family of complete scalar-flat toric Kahler metrics. In this paper we generalize Donaldson's method and construct complete scalar-flat toric Kahler metrics on any symplectic toric 4-manifold with "strictly unbounded" moment polygon. These include the asymptotic locally Euclidean scalar-flat Kahler metrics previously constructed by Ca…
Let (M,J) be a compact complex 2-manifold which which admits a Kaehler metric for which the integral of the scalar curvature is non-negative. Also suppose that M does not admit a Ricci-flat Kähler metric. Then if M is blown up at sufficiently many points, the resulting complex surface admits Kaehler metrics with scalar curvature identically equal to zero.
We study the anti-self-dual equation for non-diagonal SU(2)-invariant metrics and give an equivalent ninth-order system. This system reduce to a sixth-order system if the metric is in the conformal class of scalar-flat-Kaehler metric.
Our main result in this article is a compactness result which states that a noncollapsed sequence of asymptotically locally Euclidean (ALE) scalar-flat Kähler metrics on a minimal Kähler surface whose Kähler classes stay in a compact subset of the interior of the Kähler cone must have a convergent subsequence. As an application, we prove the existence of global moduli spaces of scalar-flat Kähler ALE metrics for several infinite families of Kähler ALE spaces.
We classify all scalar-flat toric Kähler 4-manifolds under either of two asymptotic conditions: that the action fields decay slowly (or at all), or that the curvature decay is quadratic; for example we fully classify instantons that have any of the ALE-F-G-H asymptotic types. The momentum functions satisfy a degenerate elliptic equation, and under either asymptotic condition the image of the moment map is closed. Using a recent Liouville theorem for degenerate-elliptic equations, we classify all possibilities for the momentum functions, and from this, all possible metrics.
We prove that any asymptotically locally Euclidean scalar-flat Kähler 4-orbifold whose isometry group contains a 2-torus is isometric, up to an orbifold covering, to a quaternionic-complex quotient of a $k$-dimensional quaternionic vector space by a $(k-1)$-torus. In order to do so, we first prove that any compact anti-self-dual 4-orbifold with positive Euler characteristic whose isometry group contains a 2-torus is conformally equivalent, up to an orbifold covering, to a quaternionic quotient of $k$-dimensional quaternionic projective space by a $(k-1)$-torus.
In this article, we give a survey of our construction of a local moduli space of scalar-flat Kähler ALE metrics in complex dimension $2$. We also prove an explicit formula for the dimension of this moduli space on a scalar-flat Kähler ALE surface which deforms to the minimal resolution of $\mathbb{C}^2/Γ$, where $Γ$ is a finite subgroup of ${\rm{U}}(2)$ without complex reflections, in terms of the embedding dimension of the singularity.
Let (M,g) be a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. This paper addresses the Yamabe-type problem of finding a conformal scalar-flat metric on M, which has the boundary as a constant mean curvature hypersurface. When the boundary is umbilic, we prove an existence theorem that finishes some remaining cases of this problem.
We show a closed Bach-flat Riemannian manifold with a fixed positive constant scalar curvature has to be locally spherical if its Weyl and traceless Ricci tensors are small in the sense of either $L^\infty$ or $L^{\frac{n}{2}}$-norm. Compared with the complete non-compact case done by Kim, we apply a different method to achieve these results. These results generalize a rigidity theorem of positive Einstein manifolds due to M.-A.Singer. As an application, we can partially recover the well-known Chang-Gursky-Yang's $4$-dimensional conformal sphere theorem.
On a given closed connected manifold of dimension two, or greater, we consider the squared $L^2$-norm of the scalar curvature functional over the space of constant volume Riemannian metrics. We prove that its critical points have constant scalar curvature, and use this to show that a metric is a solution of the critical point equation if, and only if, it is either Einstein, or scalar flat.
In this paper, we focus on the moduli space of Seiberg-Witten equation on non-compact manifold with periodic end. Suppose that the scalar curvature on the periodic end is identically zero and the topological conditions: the first de-Rham cohomology and the self-dual cohomology restricting on the periodic end vanish. Then, we will show that the moduli space of the perturbed Seiberg-Witten equation is compact.
Let $(M,g)$ be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$ with smooth boundary $\partial M$. Suppose that $(M,g)$ admits a scalar-flat conformal metric. We prove that the supremum of the isoperimetric quotient over the scalar-flat conformal class is strictly larger than the best constant of the isoperimetric inequality in the Euclidean space, and consequently is achieved, if either (i) $n\ge 12$ and $\partial M$ has a nonumbilic point; or (ii) $n\ge 10$, $\partial M$ is umbilic and the Weyl tensor does not vanish at some boundary point.
We show an improvement of Bray sharp mass-capacity inequality and Bray-Miao sharp upper bound of the capacity of the boundary in terms of its area, for three-dimensional, complete, one-ended asymptotically flat manifolds with compact, connected boundary and with nonnegative scalar curvature, under appropriate assumptions on the topology and on the mean curvature of the boundary. Our arguments relies on two monotonicity formulas holding along level sets of a suitable harmonic potential, associated to the boundary of the manifold. This work is an expansion of the results contained in the PhD the…
We consider an asymptotically flat Riemannian spin manifold of positive scalar curvature. An inequality is derived which bounds the Riemann tensor in terms of the total mass and quantifies in which sense curvature must become small when the total mass tends to zero.
We study the equation $Δ_g u -\frac{n-2}{4(n-1)}R(g)u+Ku^p=0 (1+ζ\leq p \leq \frac{n+2}{n-2})$ on locally conformally flat compact manifolds $(M^n,g)$. We prove the following: (i) When the scalar curvature $R(g)>0$ and the dimension $n \geq 4$, under suitable conditions on $K$, all positive solutions $u$ have uniform upper and lower bounds; (ii) When the scalar curvature $R(g)\equiv 0$ and $n \geq 5$, under suitable conditions on $K$, all positive solutions $u$ with bounded energy have uniform upper and lower bounds. We also give an example to show that the energy bound condition for the unifo…
Witten and Yau (hep-th/9910245) have recently considered a generalisation of the AdS/CFT correspondence, and have shown that the relevant manifolds have certain physically desirable properties when the scalar curvature of the boundary is positive. It is natural to ask whether similar results hold when the scalar curvature is zero. With this motivation, we study compact scalar flat manifolds which do not accept a positive scalar curvature metric. We call these manifolds rigidly scalar-flat. We study this class of manifolds in terms of special holonomy groups. In particular, we prove that if, in…
In this paper we will show that the generalized connected sum construction for constant scalar curvature metrics can be extended to the zero scalar curvature case. In particular we want to construct solutions to the Yamabe equation on the generalized connected sum M = M_1 (\sharp_K) M_2 of two compact Riemannian manifolds (M_1,g_1) and (M_2,g_2) with zero constant scalar curvature along a common (isometrically embedded) submanifold (K,g_K) of codimension \geq 3. We present here two kinds of construction. The first one is the basic model and it works for every couple of scalar flat manifolds, b…
In this paper, we focus on the geometry of compact conformally flat manifolds $(M^n,g)$ with positive scalar curvature. Schoen-Yau proved that its universal cover $(\widetilde{M^n},\tilde{g})$ is conformally embedded in $\mathbb{S}^n$ such that $M^n$ is a Kleinian manifold. Moreover, the limit set of the Kleinian group has Hausdorff dimension $<\frac{n-2}{2}$. If additionally we assume that the non-local curvature $Q_{2γ}\geq 0$ for some $1<γ<2$, the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set is less than or equal to $\frac{n-2γ}{2}$. If $Q_{2γ}>0$, then the above inequality is strict. Moreover, the…
In this paper, we show that the complete scalar-flat Kahler metrics constructed by Abreu and the author on strictly unbounded toric 4-dimensional orbifolds have finite $L^2$ norm of the full Riemannian tensor. In particular, this answers a question of Donaldon's on the corresponding Generalized Taub-NUT metric on $R^4$. This norm is explicitly determined when the underlying toric manifold is the minimal resolution of a cyclic singularity. In the Ricci-flat case corresponding to gravitational instantons, this recovers a recent result of Atiyah-Lebrun.
Let $(X,L_{X})$ be an $n$-dimensional polarized manifold. Let $D$ be a smooth hypersurface defined by a holomorphic section of $L_{X}$. In this paper, we study the existence of a complete scalar-flat Kähler metric on $X \setminus D$ on the assumption that $D$ has a constant positive scalar curvature Kähler metric.
In this paper we find new examples of Riemannian manifolds with outermost apparent horizons with nonspherical topology, in dimensions four and above. More precisely, for any $n,m\ge1$, we construct asymptotically flat, scalar flat Riemannian manifolds containing smooth outermost minimal hypersurfaces with topology $S^n\times S^{m+1}$. In the context of general relativity these hypersurfaces correspond to outermost apparent horizons of black holes.
Let $(M,g)$ be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$ with smooth boundary $\partial M$, admitting a scalar-flat conformal metric. We prove that the supremum of the isoperimetric ratio over the scalar-flat conformal class is strictly larger than the best constant of the isoperimetric inequality in the Euclidean space, and consequently is achieved, if either (i) $9\le n\le 11$ and $\partial M$ has a nonumbilic point; or (ii) $7\le n\le 9$, $\partial M$ is umbilic and the Weyl tensor does not vanish identically on the boundary. This is a continuation of the work \cite{Jin-Xiong} b…
Let (M,g) be a compact Riemannian three-dimensional manifold with boundary. We prove the compactness of the set of scalar-flat metrics which are in the conformal class of g and have the boundary as a constant mean curvature hypersurface. This involves a blow-up analysis of a Yamabe-type equation with critical Sobolev exponent on the boundary.
A new construction is presented of scalar-flat Kaehler metrics on non-minimal ruled surfaces. The method is based on the resolution of singularities of orbifold ruled surfaces which are closely related to rank-2 parabolically stable holomorphic bundles. This rather general construction is shown also to give new examples of low genus: in particular, it is shown that CP^2 blown up at 10 suitably chosen points, admits a scalar-flat Kaehler metric; this answers a question raised by Claude LeBrun in 1986 in connection with the classification of compact self-dual 4-manifolds.
