We consider subtorus actions on divisorial toric varieties. Here divisoriality means that the variety has many Cartier divisors like quasiprojective and smooth ones. We characterize when a subtorus action on such a toric variety admits a categorical quotient in the category of divisorial varieties. Our result generalizes previous statements for the quasiprojective case. An important tool for the proof is a universal reduction of an arbitrary toric variety to a divisorial one. This is done in terms of support maps, a notion generalizing support functions on a polytopal fan. A further essential step is the decomposition of a given subtorus invariant regular map to a divisorial variety into an invariant toric part followed by a non-toric part.
In this paper, we obtain a complete classification of smooth toric Fano varieties equipped with extremal contractions which contract divisors to curves for any dimension. As an application, we obtain a complete classification of smooth projective toric varieties which can be equivariantly blown-up to Fano along curves.
This paper has been withdrawn by the author. It is not true that plt blow-up of toric singularity is toric (in dimension 3 too) and the first main theorem is incorrect also. The error is in deformation argument. I am grateful to Ivan Cheltsov for discussions.
This work discusses combinatorial and arithmetic aspects of cohomology vanishing for divisorial sheaves on toric varieties. We obtain a refined variant of the Kawamata-Viehweg theorem which is slightly stronger. Moreover, we prove a new vanishing theorem related to divisors whose inverse is nef and has small Kodaira dimension. Finally, we give a new criterion for divisorial sheaves for being maximal Cohen-Macaulay.
Toric Landau-Ginzburg models in threefold divisorial contractions
Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications（北京国际数学研究中心）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；National Research University, Higher School of Economics（国立研究大学高等经济大学）
We prove two theorems on the derived categories of toric varieties, the existence of an exceptional collection consisting of sheaves for a divisorial extraction and the finiteness of Fourier-Mukai partners.
We prove that the canonical ring of a canonical variety in the sense of de Fernex and Hacon is finitely generated. We prove that canonical varieties are klt if and only if R(-K_X) is finitely generated. We introduce a notion of nefness for non-Q-Gorenstein varieties and study some of its properties. We then focus on these properties for non-Q-Gorenstein toric varieties.
Given a spherical homogeneous space G/H of minimal rank, we provide a simple procedure to describe its embeddings as varieties with torus action in terms of divisorial fans. The torus in question is obtained as the identity component of the quotient group N/H, where N is the normalizer of H in G. The resulting Chow quotient is equal to (a blowup of) the simple toroidal compactification of G/(H N^0). In the horospherical case, for example, it is equal to a flag variety, and the slices (coefficients) of the divisorial fan are merely shifts of the colored fan along the colors.
Let the special linear group $G := SL_{2}$ act regularly on a $Q$-factorial variety $X$. Consider a maximal torus $T \subset G$ and its normalizer $N \subset G$. We prove: If $U \subset X$ is a maximal open $N$-invariant subset admitting a good quotient $U \to U // N$ with a divisorial quotient space, then the intersection $W(U)$ of all translates $g \dot U$ is open in $X$ and admits a good quotient $W(U) \to W(U) // G$ with a divisorial quotient space. Conversely, we obtain that every maximal open $G$-invariant subset $W \subset X$ admitting a good quotient $W \to W // G$ with a divisorial qu…
Generalizing the passage from a fan to a toric variety, we provide a combinatorial approach to construct arbitrary effective torus actions on normal, algebraic varieties. Based on the notion of a ``proper polyhedral divisor'' introduced in earlier work, we develop the concept of a ``divisorial fan'' and show that these objects encode the equivariant gluing of affine varieties with torus action. We characterize separateness and completeness of the resulting varieties in terms of divisorial fans, and we study examples like C*-surfaces and projectivizations of (non-split) vector bundles over tori…
For an affine toric variety X we compute the Poincare series of the multi-index filtration defined by a finite number of monomial divisorial valuations on the ring O_{X,0}. We give an alternative description of the Poincare series as an integral with respect to the Euler characteristic over the projectivization of the space of germs O_{X,0}. In particular we study divisorial valuations on the ring O_{C^d,0} that arise by considering toric constellations. We give an explicit formula for the Poincare series and a nice geometric description. This generalizes an expression of the Poincare series f…
We show that there exists a strong connection between the generic formal neighborhood at a rational arc lying in the Nash set associated with a toric divisorial valuation on a toric variety and the formal neighborhood at the generic point of the same Nash set. This may be interpreted as the fact that, analytically along such a Nash set, the arc scheme of a toric variety is a product of a finite dimensional singularity and an infinite dimensional affine space.
We consider subtorus actions on complex toric varieties. A natural candidate for a categorical quotient of such an action is the so-called toric quotient, a universal object constructed in the toric category. We prove that if the toric quotient is weakly proper and if in addition the quotient variety is of expected dimension then the toric quotient is in fact a categorical quotient in the category of algebraic varieties. For example, weak properness always holds for the toric quotient of a subtorus action on a toric variety whose fan has a convex support.
We show that the moduli space of stable n-pointed rational curves can be flatly degenerated to a projective toric variety. We arrive at this by showing that the Chow quotients of the Grassmannians admit toric degenerations, which in turn, follows from a theorem that we prove for toric degenerations of more general Chow quotients. Along the way, we also argued that GIT quotient of a flat family is again flat. In particular, all GIT quotients of flag varieties by maximal tori can be flatly degenerated to projective toric varieties ([9] and [12]).
We study an analytically irreducible algebroid germ (X, 0) of complex singularity by considering the filtrations of its analytic algebra, and their associated graded rings, induced by the divisorial valuations associated to the irreducible components of the exceptional divisor of the normalized blow-up of the normalization (Y, 0) of (X, 0), centered at the point 0 of Y. If (X, 0) is a quasi-ordinary hypersurface singularity, we obtain that the associated graded ring is an algebra of finite type over the field of complex numbers, namely the coordinate ring of a non necessarily normal affine tor…
The correspondence between Gorenstein Fano toric varieties and reflexive polytopes has been generalized by Ilten and Süß to a correspondence between Gorenstein Fano complexity-one $T$-varieties and Fano divisorial polytopes. Motivated by the finiteness of reflexive polytopes in fixed dimension, we show that over a fixed base polytope, there are only finitely many Fano divisorial polytopes, up to equivalence. We classify two-dimensional Fano divisorial polytopes, recovering Huggenberger's classification of Gorenstein del Pezzo $\mathbb{K}^*$-surfaces. Furthermore, we show that any three-dimensi…
Generalizing cones over projective toric varieties, we present arbitrary toric varieties as quotients of quasiaffine toric varieties. Such quotient presentations correspond to groups of Weil divisors generating the topology. Groups comprising Cartier divisors define free quotients, whereas $\QQ$-Cartier divisors define geometric quotients. Each quotient presentation yields homogeneous coordinates. Using homogeneous coordinates, we express quasicoherent sheaves in terms of multigraded modules and describe the set of morphisms into a toric variety.
We consider the action of a subtorus of the big torus on a toric variety. The aim of the paper is to define a natural notion of a quotient for this setting and to give an explicit algorithm for the construction of this quotient from the combinatorial data corresponding to the pair consisting of the subtorus and the toric variety. Moreover, we study the relations of such quotients with good quotients. We construct a good model, i.e. a dominant toric morphism from the given toric variety to some ``maximal'' toric variety having a good quotient by the induced action of the given subtorus.
Let $X$ be a projective normal toric variety and $T_0$ a rank one subtorus of the defining torus of $X$. We show that the normalization of the Chow quotient $X//T_0$, in the sense of Kapranov-Sturmfels-Zelevinsky, coarsely represents the moduli space of stable log maps to $X$ with discrete data given by $T_0\subset X$.
In this paper we give an explicit formula for the Riemann-Roch map for singular schemes which are quotients of smooth schemes by diagonalizable groups. As an application we obtain a simple proof of a formula for the Todd class of a simplicial toric variety. An equivariant version of this formula was previously obtained for complete simplicial toric varieties by Brion and Vergne using different techniques.
In the case of two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities, we classify all one-parameter toric deformations in terms of certain Minkowski decompositions. In particular, we describe to which components each such deformation maps, show how to induce each deformation from a versal family, give explicit equations for each deformation, describe the singularities in the general fibers, and construct the corresponding partial simultaneous resolutions.
This article is motivated by the following local-to-global question: is every variety with tame quotient singularities globally the quotient of a smooth variety by a finite group? We show that this question has a positive answer for all quasi-projective varieties which are expressible as a quotient of a smooth variety by a split torus (e.g. simplicial toric varieties). Although simplicial toric varieties are rarely toric quotients of smooth varieties by finite groups, we give an explicit procedure for constructing the quotient structure using toric techniques. This result follow from a charact…
We associate to every divisorial (e.g. smooth) variety $X$ with only constant invertible global functions and finitely generated Picard group a $Pic(X)$-graded homogeneous coordinate ring. This generalizes the usual homogeneous coordinate ring of the projective space and constructions of Cox and Kajiwara for smooth and divisorial toric varieties. We show that the homogeneous coordinate ring defines in fact a fully faithful functor. For normal complex varieties $X$ with only constant global functions, we even obtain an equivalence of categories. Finally, the homogeneous coordinate ring of a loc…
We introduce a new effective stability named "divisorial stability" for Fano manifolds which is weaker than K-stability and is stronger than slope stability along divisors. We show that we can test divisorial stability via the volume function. As a corollary, we prove that the first coordinate of the barycenter of the Okounkov body of the anticanonical divisor is not bigger than one for any Kähler-Einstein Fano manifold. In particular, for toric Fano manifolds, the existence of Kähler-Einstein metrics is equivalent to divisorial semistability. Moreover, we find many non-Kähler-Einstein Fano ma…
We prove that for each positive integer $n$ there exists a positive number $ε_n$ so that $n$-dimensional toric quotient singularities satisfy the ACC for mld's on the interval $(0,ε_n)$. In the course of the proof, we will show a geometric Jordan property for finite automorphism groups of affine toric varieties.
This paper studies two related subjects. One is some combinatorics arising from linear projections of polytopes and fans of cones. The other is quotient varieties of toric varieties. The relation is that projections of polytopes are related to quotients of projective toric varieties and projection of fans are related to quotients of general toric varieties. Despite its relation to geometry the first part is purely combinatorial and should be of interest in its own right.
The Chow quotient of a toric variety by a subtorus, as defined by Kapranov-Sturmfels-Zelevinsky, coarsely represents the main component of the moduli space of stable toric varieties with a map to a fixed projective toric variety, as constructed by Alexeev and Brion. We show that, after endowing both spaces with the structure of a logarithmic stack, the resulting spaces are isomorphic. Along the way, we construct the Chow quotient stack and demonstrate several properties that it satisfies.
We prove that every Q-factorial complete toric variety is a finite quotient of a poly weighted space (PWS), as defined in our previous work arXiv:1501.05244. This generalizes the Batyrev-Cox and Conrads description of a Q-factorial complete toric variety of Picard number 1, as a finite quotient of a weighted projective space (WPS) \cite[Lemma~2.11]{BC} and \cite[Prop.~4.7]{Conrads}, to every possible Picard number, by replacing the covering WPS with a PWS. As a consequence we describe the bases of the subgroup of Cartier divisors inside the free group of Weil divisors and the bases of the Pica…
The GIT chamber decomposition arising from a subtorus action on a quasiprojective toric variety is a polyhedral complex. Denote by Sigma the fan that is the cone over the polyhedral complex. In this paper we show that the toric variety defined by the fan Sigma is the normalization of the toric Chow quotient of a closely related affine toric variety by a complementary torus.
Let X be an affine toric variety. The total coordinates on X provide a canonical presentation of X as a quotient of a vector space by a linear action of a quasitorus. We prove that the orbits of the connected component of the automorphism group Aut(X) on X coincide with the Luna strata defined by the canonical quotient presentation.
We give explicit equations for the Chow and Hilbert quotients of a projective scheme X by the action of an algebraic torus T in an auxiliary toric variety. As a consequence we provide GIT descriptions of these canonical quotients, and obtain other GIT quotients of X by variation of GIT quotient. We apply these results to find equations for the moduli space \bar{M}_{0,n} of stable genus zero n-pointed curves as a subvariety of a smooth toric variety defined via tropical methods.
We calculate the automorphism group of a complete toric variety $X$ with torus $T_M$. We prove that the radical unipotent of $Aut_k^0X$ is a semidirect product of additive groups, the reductive part is a quotient of a product of lineal groups and we give the action of linear groups on the additive groups. We also prove that $Aut_kX/Aut_k^0X$ is a quotient of the group of automorphisms of $M$ leaving invariant the fan.
Let X be an affine T-variety. We study two different quotients for the action of T on X: the toric Chow quotient X/_CT and the toric Hilbert scheme H. We introduce a notion of the main component H_0 of H which parameterizes general T-orbit closures in X and their flat limits. The main component U_0 of the universal family U over H is a preimage of H_0. We define an analogue of a universal family W_X over the main component of the X/_CT. We show that the toric Chow morphism restricted on the main components lifts to a birational projective morphism from U_0 to W_X. The variety W_X also provides…
P-resolutions of two-dimensional, cyclic quotient singularities have been introduced to study deformation theory. Those P-resolutions (as well as the singularities themselves) are toric varieties. In the present paper we give a straight, elementary description of them just by their defining fans.
We give a complete classification of del Pezzo surfaces with quotient singularities and Picard rank 1 which admit a Q-Gorenstein smoothing. There are 14 infinite families of toric examples. The surfaces in each family correspond to solutions of a Markov-type equation. The remaining surfaces are obtained as deformations of the toric surfaces or belong to a finite list of sporadic surfaces.
Given an action of a reductive group on a normal variety, we construct all invariant open subsets admitting a good quotient with a quasiprojective or a divisorial quotient space. Our approach extends known constructions like Mumford's Geometric Invariant Theory. We obtain several new Hilbert-Mumford type theorems, and we extend a projectivity criterion of Bialynicki-Birula and Swiecicka for varieties with semisimple group action from the smooth to the singular case.
In this article we investigate algebraic morphisms between toric varieties. Given presentations of toric varieties as quotients we are interested in the question when a morphism admits a lifting to these quotient presentations. We show that this can be completely answered in terms of invariant divisors. As an application we prove that two toric varieties, which are isomorphic as abstract algebraic varieties, are even isomorphic as toric varieties. This generalizes a well-known result of Demushkin on affine toric varieties.
When a reductive group acts on an algebraic variety, a linearized ample line bundle induces a stratification on the variety where the strata are ordered by the degrees of instability. In this paper, we study variation of stratifications coming from the group actions in the GIT quotient construction for projective toric varieties. Cox showed that each projective toric variety is a GIT quotient of an affine space by a diagonalizable group with respect to linearizations that come from ample divisors on the toric variety. We provide a sufficient conditions for two ample divisors to induce the same…
Dropping separatedness in the definition of a toric variety, one obtains the more general notion of a toric prevariety. Toric prevarieties occur as ambient spaces in algebraic geometry and moreover they appear naturally as intermediate steps in quotient constructions. We first provide a complete description of the category of toric prevarieties in terms of convex-geometrical data, so-called systems of fans. In a second part, we consider actions of subtori H of the big torus of a toric prevariety X and investigate quotients for such actions. Using our language of systems of fans, we characteriz…
Let X be an irreducible affine T-variety. We consider families of affine stable toric T-varieties over X and give a description of the corresponding moduli space as the quotient stack of an open subscheme in a certain toric Hilbert scheme under the action of a torus.
We generalize classical results about the topology of toric varieties to the case of projective Q-factorial T-varieties of complexity one using the language of divisorial fans. We describe the Hodge-Deligne polynomial in the smooth case, the cohomology ring and the Chow ring in the contraction-free case.
This work characterizes global quotient stacks---smooth stacks associated to a finite group acting a manifold---among smooth quotient stacks $[M/G]$, where $M$ is a smooth manifold equipped with a smooth proper action by a Lie group $G$. The characterization is described in terms of the action of the connected component $G_0$ on $M$ and is related to (stacky) fundamental group and covering theory. This characterization is then applied to smooth toric Deligne-Mumford stacks, and global quotients among toric DM stacks are then characterized in terms of their associated combinatorial data of stac…
This is an expository paper in which we define projective GIT quotients and introduce toric varieties from this perspective. It is intended primarily for readers who are learning either invariant theory or toric geometry for the first time.
A toric del Pezzo surface $X_P$ with cyclic quotient singularities determines and is determined by a Fano polygon $P$. We construct an affine manifold with singularities that partially smooths the boundary of $P$; this a tropical version of a Q-Gorenstein partial smoothing of $X_P$. We implement a mild generalization of the Gross-Siebert reconstruction algorithm - allowing singularities that are not locally rigid - and thereby construct (a formal version of) this partial smoothing directly from the affine manifold. This has implications for mirror symmetry: roughly speaking, it implements half…
These notes are based on a series of lectures given by the author at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences in Leipzig. Addressed topics include affine and projective toric varieties, abstract normal toric varieties from fans, divisors on toric varieties and Cox's construction of a toric variety as a GIT quotient. We emphasize the role of toric varieties in solving systems of polynomial equations and provide many computational examples using the Julia package Oscar.jl.
A key result in equivariant symplectic geometry is Delzant's classification of compact connected symplectic toric manifolds. The moment map induces an embedding of the quotient of the manifold by the torus action into the dual of the Lie algebra of the torus; its image is a unimodular ("Delzant") polytope; this gives a bijection between unimodular polytopes and isomorphism classes of compact connected symplectic toric manifolds. In this paper we extend Delzant's classification to non-compact symplectic toric manifolds. For a non-compact symplectic toric manifold the image of the moment map nee…
We show that all toric noncommutative crepant resolutions (NCCRs) of affine GIT quotients of "weakly symmetric" unimodular torus representations are derived equivalent. This yields evidence for a non-commutative extension of a well known conjecture by Bondal and Orlov stating that all crepant resolutions of a Gorenstein singularity are derived equivalent. We prove our result by showing that all toric NCCRs of the affine GIT quotient are derived equivalent to a fixed Deligne-Mumford GIT quotient stack associated to a generic character of the torus. This extends a result by Halpern-Leistner and …
In this paper we calculate fundamental groups (and some of their quotients) of complements of four toric varieties branch curves. For these calculations, we study properties and degenerations of these toric varieties and the braid monodromies of the branch curves in $\mathbb{CP}^2$. The fundamental groups related to the first three toric varieties turn to be quotients of the Artin braid groups $\mathcal{B}_5$, $\mathcal{B}_6$, and $\mathcal{B}_4$, while the fourth one is a certain quotient of the group $\tilde{\mathcal{B}}_6 = \mathcal{B}_6/<[X,Y]>$, where $X, Y$ are transversal. The quotients…
We give examples for existence and non-existence of categorical quotients for algebraic group actions in the categories of algebraic varieties and prevarieties. All our examples are subtorus actions on toric varieties.
We study CR geometry in arbitrary codimension, and introduce a process, which we call the Levi-Kahler quotient, for constructing Kahler metrics from CR structures with a transverse torus action. Most of the paper is devoted to the study of Levi-Kahler quotients of toric CR manifolds, and in particular, products of odd dimensional spheres. We obtain explicit descriptions and characterizations of such quotients, and find Levi-Kahler quotients of products of 3-spheres which are extremal in a weighted sense introduced by G. Maschler and the first author.
The Cox construction presents a toric variety as a quotient of affine space by a torus. The category of coherent sheaves on the corresponding stack thus has an evident description as invariants in a quotient of the category of modules over a polynomial ring. Here we give the mirror to this description, and in particular, a clean new proof of mirror symmetry for smooth toric stacks.
We show that a weight variety, which is a quotient of a flag variety by the maximal torus, admits a flat degeneration to a toric variety. In particular, we show that the moduli spaces of spatial polygons degenerate to polarized toric varieties with the moment polytopes defined by the lengths of their diagonals. We extend these results to more general Flaschka-Millson hamiltonians on the quotients of products of projective spaces. We also study boundary toric divisors and certain real loci.
On a smooth projective variety with k ample line bundles, we denote by Z the complete intersection subvariety defined by generic sections. We define the twisted quantum D-module which is a vector bundle with a flat connection, a flat pairing and a natural integrable structure. An appropriate quotient of it is isomorphic to the ambient part of the quantum D-module of Z. When the variety is toric, these quantum D-modules are cyclic. The twisted quantum D-module can be presented via mirror symmetry by the GKZ system associated to the total space of the dual of the direct sum of these line bundles…
This note constructs the flat toric degeneration of the manifold FL_n of flags in C^n from [Gonciulea-Lakshmibai 96] as an explicit GIT quotient of the Gr"obner degeneration in [Knutson-Miller 03]. This implies that Schubert varieties degenerate to reduced unions of toric varieties, associated to faces indexed by rc-graphs (reduced pipe dreams) in the Gel'fand-Cetlin polytope. Our explicit description of the toric degeneration of FL_n provides a simple explanation of how Gel'fand-Cetlin decompositions for irreducible polynomial representations of GL_n arise via geometric quantization.
