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arXiv math-ph/0510047math-phmath.MP
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径向薛定谔方程能在零能量下求解的新势类

New Classes of Potentials for which the Radial Schrodinger Equation can be solved at Zero Energy

K. Chadan, R. Kobayashi

摘要:

给定两个球对称短程势$V_0$和V_1,径向薛定谔方程在零能量下可显式求解,我们给出了如何构造一个新的径向薛定谔方程在零能量下可显式求解的势$V$.以V_0和V_1的形式给出了新势及其相应的波函数,以及相应的波函数V_0和V_1。V_0必须是这样的,它不支持任何束缚态(排斥态,或吸引态,但很弱)。然而,V_1可以维持任何(有限)数目的束缚态。新的势V有相同数量的束缚态,但相应的(负)能量当然是不同的。一旦达到这一点,就可以从V_0和V出发,构造一个新的势\bar{V},使径向方程再次显式可解。这个过程可以无限重复。我们首先给出规则短程势的构造及其有效性的证明,即那些在原点rV_0(r)和rV_1(r)是L^1的势。然后可以看出,该结构自动扩展到在r= 0处奇异的势。它也可以推广到V_0长程(库仑等)。最后,我们给出了几个具体的例子。

英文摘要:

Given two spherically symmetric and short range potentials $V_0$ and V_1 for which the radial Schrodinger equation can be solved explicitely at zero energy, we show how to construct a new potential $V$ for which the radial equation can again be solved explicitely at zero energy. The new potential and its corresponding wave function are given explicitely in terms of V_0 and V_1, and their corresponding wave functions ϕ_0 and ϕ_1. V_0 must be such that it sustains no bound states (either repulsive, or attractive but weak). However, V_1 can sustain any (finite) number of bound states. The new potential V has the same number of bound states, by construction, but the corresponding (negative) energies are, of course, different. Once this is achieved, one can start then from V_0 and V, and construct a new potential \bar{V} for which the radial equation is again solvable explicitely. And the process can be repeated indefinitely. We exhibit first the construction, and the proof of its validity, for regular short range potentials, i.e. those for which rV_0(r) and rV_1(r) are L^1 at the origin. It is then seen that the construction extends automatically to potentials which are singular at r= 0. It can also be extended to V_0 long range (Coulomb, etc.). We give finally several explicit examples.

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