Brauer groups of graded rings were defined and studied by Caenepeel and van Oystaeyen. We study the question what happens to this group if a ${\mathbb Z}$-graded ring carries a differential graded structure in addition. We define a Brauer group for differential graded algebras over differential graded graded-commutative or commutative base rings. Based on previous work we give an explicit classification of dg-fields, and compute as an example the so-defined Brauer group in each case explicitly.
We attach to any commutative ring R a subgroup of the Brauer group of R, called the Brauer-Galois group of R. Its elements are the classes of the Azumaya R-algebras which can be represented, via Brauer equivalence, by a Galois extension of R. We compute this group for some particular commutative fields.
In this paper, we provide a diagrammatic approach to study the branching rules for cell modules on a sequence of walled Brauer algebras. This also allows us to calculate the structure constants of multiplication over the Grothendieck ring of the sequence.
We show that the Brauer algebra over the complex numbers for an integral parameter delta can be equipped with a grading, in the case of delta being non-zero turning it into a graded quasi-hereditary algebra. In which case it is Morita equivalent to a Koszul algebra. This is done by realizing the Brauer algebra as an idempotent truncation of a certain level two VW-algebra for some large positive integral parameter N. The parameter delta appears then in the choice of a cyclotomic quotient. This cyclotomic VW-algebra arises naturally as an endomorphism algebra of a certain projective module in pa…
The Brauer group of a commutative ring is an important invariant of a commutative ring, a common journeyman to the group of units and the Picard group. Burnside rings of finite groups play an important role in representation theory, and their groups of units and Picard groups have been studied extensively. In this short note, we completely determine the Brauer groups of Burnside rings: they vanish.
We consider the Brauer group ${\rm BM}'(k,G)$ of a group $G$ (finite or infinite) over a commutative ring $k$ with identity. A split exact sequence $$1\longrightarrow {\rm Br}'(k)\longrightarrow {\rm BM}'(k,G)\longrightarrow {\rm Gal}(k,G) \longrightarrow 1$$ is obtained. This generalizes the Fröhlich-Wall exact sequence from the case of a field to the case of a commutative ring, and generalizes the Picco-Platzeck exact sequence from the finite case of $G$ to the infinite case of $G$. Here ${\rm Br}'(k)$ is the Brauer-Taylor group of Azumaya algebras (not necessarily with unit). The method dev…
The differential Brauer monoid of a differential commutative ring R s defined. Its elements are the isomorphism classes of differential Azumaya R algebras with operation from tensor product subject to the relation that two such algebras are equivalent if matrix algebras over them are differentially isomorphic. The Bauer monoid, which is a group, is the same thing without the differential requirement. The differential Brauer monoid is then determined from the Brauer monoids of R and its ring of constants and the submonoid whose underlying Azumaya algebras are matrix rings.
We define an extension of the affine Brauer algebra, the type B/C affine Brauer algebra. This new algebra contains the hyperoctahedral group and it naturally acts on $END_K(X \otimes V^{\otimes k})$ for Orthogonal and Symplectic groups. Thus we obtain a compact analogue of Schur-Weyl duality. We study functors $F_{μ,k}$ from the category of admissible $O(p,q)$ or $Sp_{2n}(\mathbb{R})$ modules to representations of the type B/C affine Brauer algebra $\mathfrak{B}_k^θ$. Thus providing a Akawaka-Suzuki-esque link between $O(p,q)$ (or $Sp_{2n}(\mathbb{R})$) and $\mathfrak{B}_k^θ$. Furthermore thes…
In this article, we give a complete characterization of semigroup graded rings which are graded von Neumann regular. We also demonstrate our results by applying them to several classes of examples, including matrix rings and groupoid graded rings.
The purpose of this article is to define and examine graded almost prime ideals over a non-commutative graded ring, and consider some cases where all graded right ideals of a non-commutative graded ring are graded almost prime.
We introduce graded gamma rings from a more general point of view via methods developed by Krasner and Halberstadt for graded rings. We propose three equivalent aspects of studying graded gamma rings, nonhomogeneous, semihomogeneous and homogeneous. The graded Jacobson radical of a graded gamma ring is introduced and its elementwise description is given. Also, a relation between the graded Jacobson radical and the Jacobson radical of a graded gamma ring is examined.
In order to study graded Frobenius algebras from a ring theoretical perspective, we introduce graded quasi-Frobenius rings, graded Frobenius rings and a shift-version of the latter ones, and we investigate the structure and representations of such objects. We need to revisit graded simple graded left Artinian rings, graded semisimple rings, and to provide graded versions of certain results concerning the Jacobson radical, the singular radical, and their connection to finiteness conditions and injectivity. We prove a structure result for (shift-)graded Frobenius rings.
In this paper we introduce and study the notion of a graded (strongly) nil clean ring which is group graded. We also deal with extensions of graded (strongly) nil clean rings to graded matrix rings and to graded group rings. The question of when nil cleanness of the component, which corresponds to the neutral element of a group, implies graded nil cleanness of the whole graded ring is examined. Similar question is discussed in the case of groupoid graded rings as well.
In this paper we introduce and study the notion of a graded nil-good ring which is graded by a group. We investigate extensions of graded nil-good rings to graded group rings, Further, we discuss graded matrix ring extensions and trivial extensions of graded nil-good rings. Furthermore, we show that the class of graded rings which are nil-good and the class of graded nil-good rings are not comparable. Moreover, we discuss the question of when the nil-good property of the component, which corresponds to the identity element the grading group, implies that the whole graded ring is graded nil-goo…
In this article, we consider the structure of graded rings, not necessarily commutative nor with unity, and study the graded weakly prime ideals. We investigate the graded rings in which all graded ideals are graded weakly prime. Several properties are given, and several examples to support given propositions are constructed. We initiate the study of graded weakly total prime ideals and investigate graded rings for which every proper graded ideal is graded weakly total prime.
Crystalline graded rings are generalizations of certain classes of rings like generalized twisted group rings, generalized Weyl algebras, and generalized skew crossed products. When the base ring is a commutative Dedekind domain, two constructions are given for producing maximal graded orders. On the way, a new concept appears, so-called, spectrally twisted group. Some general properties of it are studied. At the end of the paper several examples are considered.
For commutative graded rings, the concept of graded $2$-absorbing (graded weakly $2$-absorbing) ideals was introduced and examined by Al-Zoubi, Abu-Dawwas and Çeken (Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 48 (3) (2019), 724-731) as a generalization of the concept of graded prime (graded weakly prime) ideals. Up to now, research on these topics mainly concentrated on commutative graded rings. On the other hand, graded prime ideals over non-commutative graded rings have been introduced and examined by Abu-Dawwas, Bataineh and Al-Muanger (Vietnam Journal of Mathematics, 46 (3) (2018), 6…
We investigate the graded Brown--McCoy and the classical Brown--McCoy radical of a graded ring, which is the direct sum of a family of its additive subgroups indexed by a nonempty set, under the assumption that the product of homogeneous elements is again homogeneous. There are two kinds of the graded Brown--McCoy radical, the graded Brown--McCoy and the large graded Brown--McCoy radical of a graded ring. Several characterizations of the graded Brown--McCoy radical are given, and it is proved that the large graded Brown--McCoy radical of a graded ring is the largest homogeneous ideal contained…
In this paper, we develop structure theory for graded regular graded self-injective rings and apply it in the context of Leavitt path algebras. We show that for a finite graph, graded regular graded self-injective Leavitt path algebras are of graded type I and these are precisely graded $Σ$-$V$ Leavitt path algebras.
For a torsion unit $u$ of the integral group ring $\mathbb{Z} G$ of a finite group $G$, and a prime $p$ which does not divide the order of $u$ (but the order of $G$), a relation between the partial augmentations of $u$ on the $p$-regular classes of $G$ and Brauer character values is noted, analogous to the obvious relation between partial augmentations and ordinary character values. For non-solvable $G$, consequences concerning rational conjugacy of $u$ to a group element are discussed, considering as examples the symmetric group $S_{5}$ and the groups $\text{\rm PSL}(2,p^{f})$.
Let $G$ be a group and let $S=\bigoplus_{g \in G} S_g$ be a $G$-graded ring. Given a normal subgroup $N$ of $G$, there is a naturally induced $G/N$-grading of $S$. It is well-known that if $S$ is strongly $G$-graded, then the induced $G/N$-grading is strong for any $N$. The class of epsilon-strongly graded rings was recently introduced by Nystedt, Öinert and Pinedo as a generalization of unital strongly graded rings. We give an example of an epsilon-strongly graded partial skew group ring such that the induced quotient group grading is not epsilon-strong. Moreover, we give necessary and suffic…
It was shown by Bergman that the Jacobson radical of a Z-graded ring is homogeneous. This paper shows that the analogous result holds for nil rings, namely, that the nil radical of a Z-graded ring is homogeneous. It is obvious that a subring of a nil ring is nil, but generally a subring of a Jacobson radical ring need not be a Jacobson radical ring. In this paper it is shown that every subring which is generated by homogeneous elements in a graded Jacobson radical ring is always a Jacobson radical ring. It is also observed that a ring whose all subrings are Jacobson radical rings is nil. Some …
The glider Brauer-Severy variety GBS(A) of a central simple algebra A over a field K is introduced as the set of all irreducible left glider ideals in A for some filtration FA. For fields we deduce that GBS(K) equals R(K) x Z, the product of the Riemann surface of K and the ring of integers Z. For a csa A over K it turns out that GBS(A) = BS(A) x GBS(K), where BS(A) denotes the classical Brauer-Severi variety of A.
In this paper, we give a complete characterization of Leavitt path algebras which are graded $Σ$-$V$ rings, that is, rings over which a direct sum of arbitrary copies of any graded simple module is graded injective. Specifically, we show that a Leavitt path algebra $L$ over an arbitrary graph $E$ is a graded $Σ$-$V$ ring if and only if it is a subdirect product of matrix rings of arbitrary size but with finitely many non-zero entries over $K$ or $K[x,x^{-1}]$ with appropriate matrix gradings. We also obtain a graphical characterization of such a graded $Σ$-$V$ ring $L$% . When the graph $E$ is…
Let E be a graded division ring finite-dimensional over its center with torsion-free abelian grade group, and let q(E) be its quotient division ring. Let tau be a degree-preserving unitary involution on E. We prove that SK_1(E, tau) is isomorphic to SK_1(q(E), tau).
Let $S$ be a partial groupoid, that is, a set with a partial binary operation. An $S$-graded ring $R$ is said to be graded von Neumann regular if $x\in xRx$ for every homogeneous element $x\in R.$ Under the assumption that $S$ is cancellative, we characterize $S$-graded rings which are graded von Neumann regular. If a ring is $S$-graded von Neumann regular, and if $S$ is cancellative, then $S$ is such that for every $s\in S,$ there exist $s^{-1}\in S$ and idempotent elements $e,$ $f\in S$ for which $es=sf=s,$ $fs^{-1}=s^{-1}e=s^{-1},$ $ss^{-1}=e$ and $s^{-1}s=f,$ which is a property enjoyed by…
In this paper we compute the set of point modules of finitely semi-graded rings. In particular, from the parametrization of the point modules for the quantum affine n-space, the set of point modules for some important examples of non $\mathbb{N}$-graded quantum algebras is computed.
We introduce the class of epsilon-strongly graded rings and show that it properly contains both the class of strongly graded rings and the class of unital partial crossed products. We determine precisely when an epsilon-strongly graded ring is separable over its principal component. Thereby, we simultaneously generalize a result for strongly group graded rings by Nastasescu, Van den Bergh and Van Oystaeyen, and a result for unital partial crossed products by Bagio, Lazzarin and Paques. We also show that the class of unital partial crossed products appear in the class of epsilon-strongly graded…
Let $A$ and $B$ be two connected graded algebras finitely generated in degree one. If $A$ is isomorphic to $B$ as ungraded algebras, then they are also isomorphic to each other as graded algebras.
In this paper we introduce the semi-graded rings, which extend graded rings and skew PBW extensions. For this new type of non-commutative rings we will discuss some basic problems of non-commutative algebraic geometry. In particular, we will prove some elementary properties of the generalized Hilbert series, Hilbert polynomial and Gelfand-Kirillov dimension. We will extended the notion of non-commutative projective scheme to the case of semi-graded rings and we generalize the Serre-Artin-Zhang-Verevkin theorem. Some examples are included at the end of the paper.
A description of right (left) quasi-duo Z-graded rings is given. It shows, in particular, that a strongly Z-graded ring is left quasi-duo if and only if it is right quasi-duo. This gives a partial answer to a problem posed by Dugas and Lam in [1].
It has been shown by McCoy that a right ideal of a polynomial ring with several indeterminates has a non-trivial homogeneous right annihilator of degree 0 provided its right annihilator is non-trivial to begin with. In this note, it is documented that any $\mathbb{N}$-graded ring $R$ has a slightly weaker property: the right annihilator of a right ideal contains a homogeneous non-zero element, if it is non-trivial to begin with. If $R$ is a subring of a $\mathbb{Z}^k$ -graded ring $S$ satisfying a certain non-annihilation property (which is the case if $S$ is strongly graded, for example), the…
The aim of this paper is to introduce and study graded and filtered gamma rings and gamma modules. We prove that the filtered $Γ$-ring (module) is a generalization of the notion of graded ring (module). Also, we construct a graded $Γ$-ring from a filtered $Γ$-ring. We investigate some properties of graded and fileterd Gamma rings and Gamma modules. Finally we define and study the strongly graded gamma rings.
We extend the classical construction by Noether of crossed product algebras, defined by finite Galois field extensions, to cover the case of separable (but not necessarily finite or normal) field extensions. This leads us naturally to consider non-unital groupoid graded rings of a particular type that we call object unital. We determine when such rings are strongly graded, crossed products, skew groupoid rings and twisted groupoid rings. We also obtain necessary and sufficient criteria for when object unital groupoid graded rings are separable over their principal component, thereby generalizi…
We provide a characterization of graded von Neumann regular rings involving the recently introduced class of nearly epsilon-strongly graded rings. As our main application, we generalize Hazrat's result that Leavitt path algebras over fields are graded von Neumann regular. More precisely, we show that a Leavitt path algebra $L_R(E)$ with coefficients in a unital ring $R$ is graded von Neumann regular if and only if $R$ is von Neumann regular. We also prove that both Leavitt path algebras and corner skew Laurent polynomial rings over von Neumann regular rings are semiprimitive and semiprime. The…
The mod-p cohomology ring of a non-trivial finite p-group is an infinite dimensional, finitely presented graded unital algebra over the field with p elements, with generators in positive degrees. We describe an effective algorithm to test if two such algebras are graded isomorphic. As application, we determine all graded isomorphisms between the mod-p cohomology rings of all p-groups of order at most 100.
We show that if a groupoid graded ring has a certain nonzero ideal property and the principal component of the ring is commutative, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring with the commutant of the principal component of the ring is nonzero. Furthermore, we show that for a skew groupoid ring with commutative principal component, the principal component is maximal commutative if and only if it is intersected nontrivially by each nonzero ideal of the skew groupoid ring. We also determine the center of strongly groupoid graded rings in terms of an action on the ring induced …
In sharp contrast to the Abrams-Rangaswamy Theorem that the only von Neumann regular Leavitt path algebras are exactly those associated to acyclic graphs, here we prove that the Leavitt path algebra of any arbitrary graph is a graded von Neumann regular ring. Several properties of Leavitt path algebras, such as triviality of the Jacobson radical, flatness of graded modules and finitely generated graded right (left) ideals being generated by an idempotent element, follow as a consequence of general theory of grade von Neumann regular rings.
The global dimension of a ring governs many useful abilities. For example, it is semi-simple if the global dimension is 0, hereditary if it is 1 and so on. We will calculate the global dimension of a Crystalline Graded Ring, as defined in the paper by E. Nauwelaerts and F. Van Oystaeyen, Introducing Crystalline Graded Algebras, Algebras and Representation Theory vol 11(2008), no. 2, 133--148.. We will apply this to derive a condition for the Crystalline Graded Ring to be semiprime. In the last section, we give a little bit of attention to the Krull-dimension.
Let $Γ$ be a cancelation monoid with the neutral element $e$. Consider a $Γ$-graded ring $A=\oplus_{γ\inΓ}A_γ$, which is not necessarily commutative. It is proved that $A_e$, the degree-$e$ part of $A$, is a local ring in the classical sense if and only if the graded two-sided ideal $\mathfrak{M}$ of $A$ generated by all non-invertible homogeneous elements is a proper ideal. Defining a $Γ$-graded local ring $A$ in terms of this equivalence, it is proved that any two minimal homogeneous generating sets of a finitely generated $Γ$-graded $A$-module have the same number of generators, and further…
This monograph is devoted to a comprehensive study of graded rings and graded K-theory. A bird's eye view of the graded module theory over a graded ring gives an impression of the module theory with the added adjective "graded" to all its statements. Once the grading is considered to be trivial, the graded theory reduces to the usual module theory. So from this perspective, the graded module theory can be considered as an extension of the module theory. However, one aspect that could be easily missed from such a panoramic view is that, the graded module theory comes equipped with a shifting, t…
Given a t.u.p.-semigroup (two unique product semigroup) $X$, we show if $R$ is an $X$-graded ring then both its nilradical and Jacobson radical are homogeneous. This partially answers questions of Smoktunowicz and Jespers.
We consider the first Weyl algebra, A, in the Euler gradation, and completely classify graded rings B that are graded equivalent to A: that is, the categories gr-A and gr-B are equivalent. This includes some surprising examples: in particular, we show that A is graded equivalent to an idealizer in a localization of A. We obtain this classification as an application of a general Morita-type characterization of equivalences of graded module categories.
Let $\mathfrak{R}$ be an associative ring graded by left cancellative monoid $\mathsf{S}$, and $e$ the neutral element of $\mathsf{S}$. We study the following problem: if $\mathfrak{R}_e$ is nil, then is $\mathfrak{R}$ nil/nilpotent? We have proved that if $\mathfrak{R}_e$ is nil (of bounded index) and $\mathsf{f}$- commutative, then $\mathfrak{R}$ is nil (of bounded index). Later, we have shown that $\mathfrak{R}_e$ being nilpotent implies $\mathfrak{R}$ is nilpotent. Consequently, we have exhibited a generalization of Dubnov-Ivanov-Nagata-Higman Theorem for the graded algebras case. Furtherm…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring. An Azumaya coring consists of a couple $(S,\Cc)$, with $S$ a faithfully flat commutative $R$-algebra, and an $S$-coring $\Cc$ satisfying certain properties. If $S$ is faithfully projective, then the dual of $\Cc$ is an Azumaya algebra. Equivalence classes of Azumaya corings form an abelian group, called the Brauer group of Azumaya corings. This group is canonically isomorphic to the second flat cohomology group. We also give algebraic interpretations of the second Amitsur cohomology group and the first Villamayor-Zelinsky cohomology group in terms of corings.
The Weyl algebra over a field $k$ of characteristic $0$ is a simple ring of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension 2, which has a grading by the group of integers. We classify all $\mathbb{Z}$-graded simple rings of GK-dimension 2 and show that they are graded Morita equivalent to generalized Weyl algebras as defined by Bavula. More generally, we study $\mathbb{Z}$-graded simple rings $A$ of any dimension which have a graded quotient ring of the form $K[t, t^{-1}; σ]$ for a field $K$. Under some further hypotheses, we classify all such $A$ in terms of a new construction of simple rings which we introduce …
In this article we introduce the notion of a controlled group graded ring. Let $G$ be a group, with identity element $e$, and let $R=\oplus_{g\in G} R_g$ be a unital $G$-graded ring. We say that $R$ is $G$-controlled if there is a one-to-one correspondence between subsets of the group $G$ and (mutually non-isomorphic) $R_e$-bimodules in $R$, given by $G \supseteq H \mapsto \oplus_{h\in H} R_h$. For strongly $G$-graded rings, the property of being $G$-controlled is stronger than that of being simple. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a general $G$-graded ring to be $G$-controll…
We show that if a non-associative unital ring is graded by a hypercentral group, then the ring is simple if and only if it is graded simple and the center of the ring is a field. Thereby, we extend a result by Jespers to a non-associative setting. By applying this result to non-associative crossed products, we obtain non-associative analogues of results by Bell, Jordan and Voskoglou. We also apply our result to Cayley-Dickson doublings, thereby obtaining a new proof of a classical result by McCrimmon.
We introduce the notion of Azumaya object in general homotopy-theoretic settings. We give a self-contained account of Azumaya objects and Brauer groups in bicategorical contexts, generalizing the Brauer group of a commutative ring. We go on to describe triangulated bicategories and prove a characterization theorem for Azumaya objects therein. This theory applies to give a homotopical Brauer group for derived categories of rings and ring spectra. We show that the homotopical Brauer group of an Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum is isomorphic to the homotopical Brauer group of its underlying commutativ…
