Chemical heterogeneity at conducting ferroelectric domain walls
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)(挪威科技大学);The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay(法国国家科学研究中心、泰雷兹集团、巴黎第十一大学、巴黎萨克雷大学);Jožef Stefan Institute(约瑟夫斯特凡研究所);University of Duisburg-Essen(杜伊斯堡-埃森大学)
Kasper A. Hunnestad, Guo-Dong Zhao, Mao-Hua Zhang, Tiannan Yang, Elzbieta Gradauskaite, Antonius T. J. van Helvoort, Morgan Trassin, Long-Qing Chen, Tadej Rojac, Dennis Meier
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14 pager, 4 main figures, supplementary information at the back
Natural interfaces in ferroic oxides have developed into versatile playgrounds for studying electronic correlation effects in 2D systems. The microscopic origin of the emergent local electronic properties is often debated, however, as quantitative atomic-scale characterization remains challenging. A prime example is enhanced conductivity at ferroelectric domain walls, attributed to mechanisms ranging from local band gap reduction to point defect accumulations. Here, we resolve the microscopic mechanisms for domain wall conduction in the ferroelectric model system BiFeO3, by combining transport measurements with atom probe tomography to quantify the local chemical composition and correlate it with the electrical properties. Significant chemical variations along the walls are observed, demonstrating an outstanding chemical flexibility at domain walls, which manifest in spatially varying physical properties. The results give a unifying explanation for the diverse electronic behavior observed and establish the fundamental notion that multiple conduction mechanisms can coexist within individual domain walls.
Experimental demonstration of hybrid improper ferroelectricity and presence of abundant charged walls in (Ca,Sr)$_{3}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$ crystals
基于第一性原理对新型铁电功能材料的成功预测,一系列新的铁电体材料在实验上被发现。利用两种八面体旋转的三线性耦合,在有序钙钛矿和Ruddlesden-Popper化合物(Ca $_{3}$ Ti $_{2}$ O $_{7}$,Ca $_{3}$ Mn $_{2}$ O $_{7}$,和(Ca/Sr/Ba)$_{3}$(Sn/Zr/Ge)$_{2}$ O $_{7}$)中理论预测了杂化反常铁电性.然而,这些化合物的铁电性从未得到实验证实,甚至它们的极性也一直存在争议。在这里,我们提供了第一个实验演示的室温下可切换的极化体晶体的钙$_{3}$钛$_{2}$ O $_{7}$以及Sr掺杂的钙$_{3}$钛$_{2}$ O $_{7}$。此外,(Ca,Sr)$_{3}$ Ti $_{2}$ O $_{7}$还表现出由正交孪晶和(可切换的)平面极化引起的有趣的铁电畴结构。平面畴结构伴随着丰富的带电畴壁,具有导电的头对头和绝缘的尾对尾配置,其表现出两个数量级的导电差异。这些发现不仅为Ruddlesden-Popper化合物的新型稳定铁电体研究提供了新的机会,而且为平面极化形成的弯曲导电畴壁提供了新的研究机会。
Infrared nano-spectroscopy of ferroelastic domain walls in hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca$_3$Ti$_2$O$_7$
铁材料以畴壁的形式表现出不均匀性是众所周知的。了解这些边界的属性是至关重要的控制功能与外部刺激,并实现其潜力的超低功耗存储器和逻辑器件以及新的计算架构。在这项工作中,我们采用基于同步辐射的近场红外纳米光谱来揭示混合反常铁电体Ca $_3$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$中的铁弹(90 $^\circ$铁电)畴壁的振动特性。通过局部映射的Ti-O伸缩和Ti-O-Ti弯曲模式,我们揭示了如何结构序参量旋转跨越墙壁。因此,我们将观察到的近场振幅变化与潜在的结构调制联系起来,并测试铁电开关模型对真实空间的局部结构测量。这一举措打开了大门,宽带红外纳米成像的异质性铁。
Sub-nm2 ferroelectric domains via charged 180 degree walls in ZrO2
Georgia Institute of Technology(佐治亚理工学院);Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(蔚山科学技术院);Washington University in St. Louis(圣路易斯华盛顿大学);Oak Ridge National Laboratory(橡树岭国家实验室);University of California San Diego(加州大学圣地亚哥分校);University of Texas Dallas(德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校);TEL Technology Center, America, LLC(东京电子技术中心美国有限公司);Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology(三星先进研究院)
Artificial two-dimensional polar metal by charge transfer to a ferroelectric insulator
在单一系统中集成多种特性对于电子设备的持续发展至关重要。然而,某些物理性质在本质上是相互排斥的。在这里,我们报告的两个看似相互排斥的属性-极性和二维导电性-在铁电Ba $_{0.2}$ Sr $_{0.8}$ TiO $_3$薄膜在LaAlO $_3$ /Ba $_{0.2}$ Sr $_{0.8}$ TiO $_3$界面在室温下共存。一个约3.2 nm的Ba $_{0.2}$ Sr $_{0.8}$ TiO $_3$薄膜的极性保持与二维移动载流子密度约0.05电子每晶胞。我们表明,电子重建之间的竞争导致的内置电场的LaAlO $_3$和Ba $_{0.2}$ Sr $_{0.8}$ TiO $_3$的极化是负责这种不寻常的二维导电极性相。通过电子重构在氧化物界面处利用互斥性质的一般概念可能适用于其他强相关的氧化物界面,从而为新型纳米电子学中的新功能纳米材料的应用打开窗口。